“FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CURFEW HOURS IN

BARANGAY BUENAVISTA, SANTIAGO CITY”

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SUBJECT

CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2

By:

ANDRES, TRISTAN JAN

CASER, CLARISSA JOYCE

PASCUAL, DRIX NICO

SINGSON, SAINT ANNIE G.

2nd Sem. AY 2021-2022

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

TITLE PAGE 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS 2

ABSTRACT 3

CHAPTER

I. INTRODUCTION

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

DEFINITION OF TERMS

II. METHOD

RESEARCH METHODS

POPULATION AND LOCALE

DATA GATHERING PROCEDURE

DATA GATHERINGPROCEDURES

TREATEMENT OF DATA

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III. RESULTS

IV. DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

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 ABSTRACT

Buenavista is one of the barangays in Santiago City, an emerging city of Isabela. A barangay that

has a vision of a community with citizens that are fully developed. And in order to do that they

need to ensure the well-being and safety of the youths that will be the citizen of the barangay’s

vision. The researchers aim to identify the factors that affects the curfew implementation among

the youths of the barangay. Researchers also seek to find the relationship of their profile with the

factors that affects the implementation.

The study was conducted at Barangay Buenavista, Santiago City, this place was selected in order

to know the factors affecting the implementation of curfew hours. This study was implemented to

the youth, ages 18 years old and below that are residents of the said Barangay which is 9.03% of

the population or 357 individuals. There are 20 of them in each purok which in total there are 140

randomly selected residents and 10 barangay tanods for a total of 150 respondents.

The researchers used quantitative method in order to understand the relationship between the

profile of the respondents and the factors that affects the implementation of the curfew hours.

Researchers use two data collection methods, First is thru observation and second is by floating

questionnaires. The researchers adapted a questionnaire to undergraduate study by Andres, et. al.

(2021). This study provides insights that can be used by the LGUs, media and other stakeholders,

as well as the authorities to innovate the existing ordinance of the community.

The citizens of Buenavista, Santiago City, based on the following facts, followed the

Curfew hours regardless of their age, and location, but with their gender, it was identified by the

researchers that there is a significant relationship between the gender of the respondents and the

factors that affect the curfew implementation. Furthermore, curfew hours were constantly
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enforced and the two leading factor that affect the implementation of the curfew ordinance

according to barangay officials are the PNP/ Tanod patrol and checkpoint and the cooperation of

public and private establishments.

FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CURFEW HOURS IN

BARANGAY BUENAVISTA SANTIAGO CITY

INTRODUCTION

Due to that the increase of number of confirmed COVID-19 cases throughout the country,

the office of the president decided to issue a memorandum on the 16th of March 2020, which

mandates an Enhanced community quarantine and stringent social distancing measures over the

entire Luzon and in the national capital region as well, effective on the 17th of March. And as per

Ordinance number 6, Curfew hours from 10 PM to 4 AM for ages 18 years old and below. The

barangay Buenavista strictly implemented the limited travels and mobility in the premises of the

community within the said hours. In accordance to this, they conducted Barangay Police trainings

and meetings to make adjustments about the duties and responsibilities. They also established

Task Force Kontra COVID-19 wherein they do checkpoints as a part of the implementation. To

disseminate information and facts about this, the BHERT also conducted a campaign entitled IEC

or Information Education and communication Campaign which aims to prevent the spread of the

said virus. Even before the pandemic, some places in the Philippines are implementing curfew

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hours. In fact, according to Ruffle and Reynold (1999) curfews are important because they allow

authorities to monitor the behavior of citizens, particularly kids. Parental oversight is encouraged

Curfew rules are intended to reduce crime. As a broad deterrent technique to reduce

criminal activities as well as mistreatment. Wilson, et. al. (2016). In line with, the study of Refuel

and Reynold, that supporters of juvenile curfews argue that curfews can be used to "shield non

delinquent kids from crime while denying delinquent adolescents the opportunity to engage in

criminal activity" in high-crime areas. In this kind of health crisis one of the things that the

government think as a solution to prevent the spreading of virus is curfew. It is a double-edge

sword, for it reduces the crime rates and preventing the virus to spread as well.

According to a website Findlaw (2022), curfews and other limitations can be imposed by

state and local governments. This means that your state or city has the authority to determine

when you must return home. During public health crises and other emergencies, local

governments have more power than the federal government to safeguard public health and safety.

March 2000, cities, states and provinces around the world declared emergency which

granting them to impose emergency curfew in their areas in order to contain the spread of

COVID-19 during the global pandemic. The previous month, it is reported that most of the cases

are in Santiago City, Roxas, Jones and Mallig towns. Hence, the government officials did their

very best to impose ordinance that will surely benefit the city and restrict the spreading of the

virus.

A curfew can be characterized in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic as a

stay-at-home order during particular time periods with the purpose of limiting coronavirus

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transmission. I spent a whole day reading news articles debating the value of this particular

metric, and the scientists and clinicians I spoke with couldn't agree on anything. Some maintained

that there was no evidence that curfews were effective. Others argue that they should work

because they are intuitively correct. One argument I heard supporting them is that they serve as a

warning to the public that things have become really bad.

Curfews, according to health experts, are a method to decrease social gatherings, which

will help to reduce the spread of sickness. "The hope is that it will discourage and decrease

mobility among populations with the highest infection rates, who are also most likely to be out

late at night," Anne Rimoin, PhD, MPH, professor of epidemiology at UCLA Fielding School of

Public Health, USA, was quoted as saying in a report by Health. “Curfews allow us to maintain

most of our normal activities (going to work or school, shopping for food, doctor visits, etc.)

while reducing the unnecessary interaction between people,” he explained. Labus added that

during these curfews, “people can still leave their houses, but not to gather with people from

other household

In 1000s, William the conqueror inculcated to the minds of his citizens that curfew is

necessary for their everyday living. According to Mufflin (1985) It was being introduced to them

by the means of using a curfew bell, wherein they rung it at night as a signal for their people to

put out their light or fire off until it is finally daytime. This practice is reflected in the etymology

of the word “curfew,” which derives from the Old French phrase cuevrefeu, meaning “cover the

fire”. Curfew were popularized in the Philippine during the Marcos regime in 1972, it is the

highly associated with martial law and up to this day, Martial law and curfew is associated with

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each other. Although, curfew is a common element of martial law, it is also being practice or

implemented for public safety in the event of a disaster, pandemic, or crisis.

It is an act imposing curfew hour from ten in the evening to five in the morning for persons

below eighteen years of age and prescribing penalties for violations thereof. Be it enacted by the

Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled:

There are hereby imposed curfew hours from ten o'clock in the evening to five o'clock in the

morning for persons below eighteen years 4 of age. During curfew hours, no minors shall be

allowed in the streets, commercial establishments, recreation centers, malls or any other areas

outside the immediate vicinity of their residence except: a) Those accompanied by their parents,

family members of legal age, or guardians upon proper verification; b) Those running lawful

errands such as buying of medicines, using of telecommunication facilities for emergency

purposes and the like upon proper verification; c) Students of night school and those who by

virtue of their employment are required to stay in the streets or outside their residence after ten

o'clock in the evening; Provided, that minors falling under these categories shall secure a

certification from their Punong Barangay exempting them from the coverage of this Act, or

present a document or identification proving their qualification under such category.

The Punong Barangay, Members of the Barangay Council and the duly designated

Barangay Tanods are hereby authorized to implement the provisions of this Act.

Offenders of this Act shall be apprehended in accordance with the following guidelines:

The apprehending official or officer shall, without unnecessary delay, notify the parents or

guardians of the offender and release the offender in recognizance to said parents or guardian

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with the understanding that the offender shall be submitted to the Punong Barangay for the

corresponding penalty under Section 5 of this Act; In cases where the offender is not a resident of

the Barangay where the apprehension was made, during the determination of the identities and

residence of the offender's parents or guardian for purposes of their information and release of the

offender to their custody, the offender shall be held in the holding facility of the Barangay where

the apprehension was made for not more than twenty-four (24) hours, and thereafter if the release

of the offender to his/her parents' or guardian's custody cannot be reasonably accomplished, the

Punong Barangay concerned shall turn over the offender to the Municipal or City Social Welfare

Office concerned for proper disposition; For an offender who is homeless, abandoned, neglected

or have no known parents, relatives or guardians, the apprehending official or officer shall refer

the offender to the custody of the Municipal or City Social Welfare Office concerned within

twenty-four (24) hours of apprehension.

Any offender of this Act shall be penalized as follows: a) First Offense - Four (4) hours of

community service consisting of cleaning and sweeping of surroundings, among others. b)

Second Offense - Twelve (12) hours of community service consisting of cleaning and sweeping

of surroundings, among others, c) Third Offense and Subsequent Offenses — Forty (40) hours of

community service and loss of parental authority over the offender by the parents or guardians

concerned.

The President, through administrative issuances, may suspend the implementation of this Act

nationwide or in specific areas for a length of time as may be necessary in celebration of fiestas

and special and legal holidays.

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 The Philippine National Police shall provide police support to the Punong Barangays

whenever needed for the enforcement of this Act.

The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) and the Department of

Interior and Local Government (DILG), in consultation with the Philippine National Police

(PNP), shall, within ninety (90) days from the passage of this Act, promulgate the rules and

regulations necessary for the effective implementation of this Act.

If any provision of this Act is declared unconstitutional or inoperative, the other provisions

not so declared shall remain in force and effect.

All laws, decrees, orders, rules and regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the Act or

the rules and regulations promulgated pursuant thereto are hereby repealed or amended

accordingly.

This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after publication in two (2) national newspapers

of general circulation

According to a website entitle Lawfirms (2021), there are 3 classifications of curfew.

First is the It is the Juvenile Curfew Law. State and local governments-imposed restrictions on

minors. Especially those under the age of 18 to be out in public unless they are escorted in public

at a particular time attending religious and school services as directed by their parent or guardian

activities, under the supervision of an adult, encounter an emergency, and on their way to or from

work. The main objective of this kind of curfew is to protect the minor and prevent them to do

unfavorable things or crime. Next classification, Emergency Curfews which being imposed in

times of crisis, disaster, or natural disaster preventing the spreading of Covid-19, storms, and

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other natural disasters blizzards, wildfires, riots, and other perilous situations fugitives. When

temporary curfews are put in place, certain conditions are usually stipulated by the local

authorities. And lastly, Business Curfews restrict the operation of certain establishments at a

certain time where people may gather especially in places with high level of crime, loitering, and

otherwise disorderly conduct.

In a study conducted by Miller (2018), this kind of ordinance can reduce the threat of human

trafficking and child exploitation. Predators often come out at night, and their primary targets are

girls between the ages of 12-17. Boys are becoming more of a target for human traffickers as

well. Curfew laws aren’t just about making sure that teens don’t get into trouble, even when they

are marketed as such. Having a teenage curfew also takes kids away from the people who would

attempt to exploit or hurt them for personal gain. Things that are developed by this kind of

ordinance can helped the family talk about what will work and what doesn’t for their family.

With kids they can have the opportunity to choose with a safe environment and supportive

structures, teens can learn how to make better choices for the rest of their lives.

Curfews can provide peace of mind for families, teenage curfew regulations that are consistently

enforced might give parents and guardians’ peace of mind that their child will be home safe by a

certain time. If they aren't, there are possibilities for making that happen in the near future. This

advantage reduces the risk of something unexpected happening, especially since most teenagers

believe they are indestructible in some ways. Next to that is an opportunity for parents and teens

to set healthy boundaries. All of us set limits in our lives in multiple ways. By curbing the time

that a teen can be outside late at night, the teenage curfew laws help put boundaries in place for

parents and teens that help to keep everyone safer. Communities and families can work together

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to reinforce the barriers that parents set in the home while fostering the independent spirit of

teenagers as they work to discover who they are as a person. This advantage only works when

there is actual parental involvement in the teen’s life, but mentors can also help teens to see the

possible benefits that occur when one decides to follow the rules.

On the other hand, according to Galabin (2018), studies of curfews conducted by municipalities

could have severe method flaws of that will or might not essentially prove that these ordinances

don't work. But with the participation of the barangay officials and youth leader, there is a

possibility that juvenile curfew will be attainable. Additionally, Curfews are a staple of modern

political authority, yet their effectiveness in reducing crime is largely unsubstantiated. Since the

mid-1990s, research has shown that juvenile curfews, for example, do little to really reduce crime

and delinquency. "What is certain," says sociologist Loc Wacquant, "is that these curfews

considerably raise the possibilities of incarceration for young residents of poor metropolitan

neighborhoods," with curfew violations being arrested more frequently than other types of

offenses.

Unexpected things happened in line with the implementation of curfew. In fact, according to a

news report, police and local officials in several parts of the country have mistreated people

detained for violating COVID-19 regulations, including by confining them to dog cages and

forcing them to sit for hours in the midday sun. In Cavite province, two kids were locked in a

coffin on March 26 as punishment for violating curfew. On March 20, officials in Santa Cruz

town, Laguna province, locked five young people inside a dog cage. In Binondo, Manila, village

officials arrested four boys and four girls on March 19 for violating curfew. They forcibly cut the

hair of seven of the children while the one who resisted was stripped naked and ordered to walk

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home. Even when adults are arrested, children are put in danger. According to Rappler, as of

March 30, the government had arrested over 17,000 people for violating COVID-19 emergency

measures. Children's caretakers have been arrested in some situations for breaking COVID-19

regulations. On March 24, a mother in Tacloban City was detained for allowing her children to

play outside. With this, National Youth Rights Association provided the list to abolish curfew

among kids. First on the list is that Juvenile curfews are a violation of young people’s

fundamental right, curfew-imposed limits are also a violation of First Amendment rights such as

free speech and assembly, and many curfews that fail to include free speech exemptions have

been struck down by federal courts. Which brings to the next on the list Curfews are ineffective at

reducing crime, A recent review of several studies on juvenile curfews stated that they

are ineffective at reducing both crime and victimization. This supported an earlier review of

studies on juvenile curfews, which also found that juvenile crime and victimization were “most

likely to remain unchanged after implementation of curfew laws” and when changes were

observed, they were just as likely to reflect an increase in crime as a decrease. The third on the

list is that Juvenile curfews punish non-criminal behavior, the people in with authority are

criminalizing acts that are only illegal because they are 18 years old and below. Therefore, young

people are being punished with activities that are not harmful to the society that they belong. This

leads us to the fourth which is the Juvenile curfews don’t target populations that commit the most

crime and waste police resources. Police officers are forced to monitor, arrest, and process

curfew violations, they are unable to direct their energies to dealing with actually dangerous

behavior. This has led to law enforcement officials identifying curfews as a “drain on the police

department’s resources.” And lastly, Juvenile curfews are often applied in a discriminatory

fashion. In different countries such as United States there is racial discrimination among Asian

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people, hence this kind of ordinance was heavily enforced with people of color (Mandal, 2018).

But despite all this curfew is still considered as a law or ordinance that helped preventing the

spreading of virus.

It was seen in the study of Preusser, et. al. (1993) curfews have been popular as a crime-

prevention tactic for a variety of reasons. In terms of generality, there has been increased worry

about the youth crime problem due to political concerns. Young offenders, particularly children

aged fourteen and under, have been dubbed the "leading" offenders. “On the cusp of a youth

criminal crisis". In accordance to that curfew ordinances that limit the late-night activities of

minor teenagers in public places including highways. In fact, it reduces the risk of mobility

accidents specially that minors are prone to this kind of phenomena. Actually, in a study of

William (1985), Teenagers drive less than older drivers but do more of their driving at night.

They have much higher numbers of drivers in fatal crashes based on miles driven than do older

drivers; their nighttime rates are particularly high. Sixteen-year old, especially males, have by far

the highest fatal crash rates per mile, both nighttime and daytime. More widespread adoption of

driving curfew laws would very likely produce substantial reductions in fatalities involving 16

yrs. old drivers. Along with it, Mohammend and Caingat (2017) concluded that teenage boys

usually defied the curfew law due to late night alcohol drinking sessions. Nevertheless, the study

of McDowell, et. al. (2000) says, there is a significant decline in robbery, larceny, and simple

assault arrests but only in county records due to curfew laws.

According to Auditor, et. al. (2019), one of the most important actors in the state is the juvenile.

According to the experts, the future of their family and the society in which they live is

dependent on their ability to work in order to live a happy life. "Youth is the hope of our nation,"

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according to Dr. Jose Rizal, yet due to family difficulties, poverty, the environment, a lack of

education, and a lack of guidance, many youths become involved in various crimes such as

robbery/stealing, illegal drug usage, rape, and even murder. In addition to that curfew rules help

to prevent crime and victimization. Curfews are a type of restriction a time-honored tradition that

has exploded in popularity among today's youth. As a tool most large cities have a curfew

ordinance in place to control adolescent criminality. Curfews, on the other hand, are debatable.

By keeping kids off the streets, we can reduce juvenile crime and victimization. On the whole,

curfews can be used to enhance crime prevention, child welfare, and other goals. At a low cost to

taxpayers, efficient law enforcement is possible.

In accordance to the raising cases of Covid-19. The government created a move in controlling the

crowd, in line with preventing the virus to spread. Considering the Social Control Theory, for

curfews are enacted with the intention of limiting access to alcohol. People moving around in

public may reduce crime. Danger and injury these controls are also programmed. And has been

socially ingrained in an individual Bonds. The family is usually the first to instill these values.

Ties developed within an individual as well as between individuals, the person as well as society

as a result, both the family and community benefit. Shape an individual's actions, attitudes, and

conduct it. It's also worth noting that curfew rules have the power to parents' control by

restricting the amount of time their children spend with them children in public places.

According to Hirschi (nd),” Social controls are first developed in the framework of the family.

Over time, they are changed and adapted.”. This means that if an individual behaves in a certain

way, it is somehow related to his relationship with his family. If a person is attached with their

family that is significant to the society that he belongs then he might do the right behavior. But,

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when he is not that attached with them then he will possibly make a destruction to others in a

certain way. Although Social control was considered before Hirschi, he contributes significantly

with the theory by including 4 main components in individual-community relationships or social

bonds. Such as attachment, commitment, involvement in society, and a belief in the veracity of

community values and teachings. The 4 components were taken consideration in examining the

behavior of the residents of the barangay ages 18 years old and below.

This year, there are cases that young individual committed crimes in time with the curfew

ordinance. One of this is in Malvar Santiago City where A young boy raped a kid and ended up

taking the kids life. At the span of 4 months the researchers discovered a lot of cases that young

people are involved in crimes or violations. Hence, the researchers want to find out the factors

that affect this dilemma.

Barangay Buenavista is a community that visualizing their citizens as individuals that

can be a fully developed individuals with the help of the barangay officials as a wholesome

atmosphere. Since the barangay also aims to make their people an abiding citizen who is

responsible, they did their best to bring about desirable programs for the betterment of their

community. The barangay conducted a self-assessment wherein there is a part that they included

in Public Safety and Disaster Risk Reduction Management, the barangay Tanod Conducts

Regular Ronda or Foot Patrol" with 20 barangay tanod rooming around as an inspection. Thus,

peace, security and disaster preparedness are highly monitored by the barangay council through

proper trainings, and meetings that were done for the preparation of disaster and peace and order

in the barangay. Although, Crime prevention is usually not the concern of everyone. Crime

prevention is a series of strategies done by the national government to the local government units

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to combat crimes. These strategies may include mobile or foot patrol, imposing curfew hours,

information dissemination, and others. Additionally, accordi to Vicente, et. al. (2020) the primary

aim of crime prevention is to ensure the safety of the community including the youths.

As a participation to the community or a coping mechanism to divert the attention of

the youth, Sanguniang kabataan officer hosted Online Contested Educational activities such as

photo essay contest and online PPE IRAMPUSH mo best 2020. With the goal of making the

youths ages 18 years and below busy without face-to-face interaction. This kind of activities lead

to an award namely the most innovative and sustainable teen center (community-based) in the

year 2020 as well as being the winner of the title " most pandemic responsive award".

These are the grounds that are considered by the researcher in order to find the underlying

factors that affect the implementation of curfew hours in Barangay Buenavista, Santiago City.

Statement of the Problem

Although the local government officials and barangay tanods provides an extensive effort

to implement the curfew hours in the perimeter of barangay Buenavista, Santiago City. It is

evident that there are still factors that affects the implementation of curfew hours among the

residents of the community. Thus, this research aims to ask the following questions:

1. What are the profiles of the respondents as to:

A. age;

B. gender

2. What are the factors that affects the implementation of the ordinance?

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 3. What is the significant relationship of their profile to the factors that affects the

implementation?

4. How does the factors below affect the implementation of the curfew?

a. pnp/tanod patrol and checkpoints

b. information dessimination

c. cooperation of public and private establishments

d. cooperation of the residents

Null Hypothesis

There is no significant realtionship between the respondents profile that includes gender and

age, to the factors that affect the implementation.

The objective of the study is to primarily distinguish the factors that highly affects the

implementation of the curfew hours, as well as to determine the significant relationship of their

profile with the factors identified.       This study will be undertaken to find out the possible

factors that affects the curfew hours in Barangay Buenavista. As to their profile and the perceived

effects of their profile to the implementation of the curfew.

The following may benefit from the research:

Residents -The research can provide a comprehensive grasp of curfews are important not just to

them, but also to the community.

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Local government officials Buenavista- The research can be used as a guideline. Curfews are

monitored and enforced by them in their respective areas. Barangays are responsible for

promoting safety and tranquility.

Researchers - This research could help future criminologists. Carefully weighing the advantages

and disadvantages of enforcing the curfew hours as a result of the study's findings, they would

assess not only the worth of law, but also how it is applied. As a result, prevent victimization and

follow the law. As the state possesses moral authority, it must safeguard the people from potential

damage. It has a responsibility to its inhabitants to provide a better future. This will benefit

greatly from studying in the future, particularly while confronted with situations similar to those

in the research.

Future Researchers- The study has been eagerly anticipated. This could be used as a guide when

they do comparable research and related research.

The researchers focused on the factors that affects the implementation of curfew hours

and the significant relationship of the factors with the respondents’ profile.

Researchers considered the age of the respondents since the implementation is focused

mainly with juvenile. Respondents of this study are ages 18 years old and below that are residents

of Barangay Buenavista Santiago City.

This study started out in March 2022 and was finalized in June 2022.

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Definitions of Terms

Barangay Officials -Barangay officials are the elected government official who are members of a

particular Barangay.

Curfew -Curfews are laws that prohibit people to be outside their vicinity and roam around in

public at a certain time.

Implementation -Implementation is the carrying out, execution, or practice of a plan, a method, or

any design, idea, model, specification, standard or policy for doing something. Ordinance. An

ordinance is a law set forth by a governmental authority, specifically a municipal regulation.

Social Control Theory- According to Travis Hirschi, a person acts a certain way because a

society that he belongs to does the same thing.

Juvenile Curfew- it is local ordinances that prohibit people of a certain age 18 and under from

being in public or in a business establishment during certain hours. The legislative intent behind

juvenile curfew laws is usually social order goals such as prevention of crimes involving

juveniles, protection of minors from predators, and maintenance of the general peace.

Emergency Curfews- Emergency curfews are usually temporary orders. They are put in place by

federal, state, or local government in response to a particular crisis, like natural disasters, public

health crisis, and ongoing civil disturbance.

Business Curfews- States and local municipalities have also enacted business curfew laws in

densely-populated or high-crime areas. The rules require businesses to close during late-night

hours.
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Coping Mechanisms- it is an adaptation to environmental stress that is based on conscious or

unconscious choice and that enhances control over behavior or gives psychological comfort.

METHODOLOGY

The research approach is presented and discussed in this chapter. The study's

methodology and design, the respondents of the study, sampling techniques, data collection

device used, data collection processes, and data treatment data.

Research Method

The quantitative-descriptive research method was used. Use in this research It was utilized to

quantify and explain the situation. Curfew hours implementation level in Buenavista outlining the

factors that affect the respondents faced during the curfew's implementation.

Quantitative-descriptive analysis is a research method that combines quantitative and descriptive

analysis. Tries to gather measurable data for statistical analysis of a population sample It is a

widely used market research instrument that allows us to collect and define the characteristics of

a demographic category (Alonzo, 2017).

Population and Locale

Buenavista is a barangay in the city of Santiago, in the province of Isabela. Its population

as determined by the 2020 Census was 4,525. This represented 3.05% of the total population of

Santiago. The study was conducted at Barangay Buenavista, Santiago City, this place was

selected in order to know the factors affecting the implementation of curfew hours. This study

was implemented to the youth, ages 18 years old and below that are residents of the said

Barangay which is 9.03% of the population or 357 individuals. There are 20 of them in each
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purok which in total there are 140 randomly selected residents. 10 randomly selected baranngay

tanod were interviewed. Finding the factors that affect the implementation of the curfew hours

and the relationship of their profile to the implementation.

Data Gathering Instrument

A researcher could observe participants in a closed environment or a public setting.

Researchers use two data collection methods to collect information in the research. First is thru

observation and second is by floating questionnaires. Since one of the researchers is a resident of

the said barangay it is convenient for to observe his fellow residents. As another source of data,

the researchers adapted a questionnaire to undergraduate studies by (Andres, et. al. 2021) and

(Carpio,2020) with almost similar topic.

In the questionnaire researcher used the Likert scale, wherein it consists of a series of statements

related to a particular target. Respondents are asked to indicate the extent to how likely they

observe a certain scenario by marking one of the responses ranging from “always” to “never”.

Below is the used frequency liker scale in the actual questionnaire.

Range Descriptive Interpretation Verbal Description

3.26-4.00 Always Everyday implementation of curfew hours

2.51-3.25 Sometimes 5-6 days a week of implementation of curfew hours

1.76-2.50 Rarely 1-4 days a week of implementation of curfew hours

1.00-1.75 Never No implementation of curfew hours

Each item in the questionnaire were identified as behavioral questions, has a goal to find out what

the respondents are doing or have done in the past They typically ask about people’s actions,

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lifestyles, habits, and personal history. Additionally, the researchers used a scale-response type of

questionnaire of gathering data. This method gave the respondents range of categories for them to

express their feelings and opinions more accurately.

The first part was for the demographic profile of the respondents such as name, age,

gender, and purok. Part two covers the level of implementation of curfew hours in Buenavista as

well as Respondents’ Perception in the conducted programs of their barangays for the violators of

the curfew ordinances. Lastly was focused on the problems encountered during the

implementation of curfew hours.

Data Gathering Procedures

In realizing the objectives of the study, the researchers followed a definite procedure.

First, the researchers adapted a questionnaires and draft letters of request to the Barangay

Captains and respondents then submitted them to the research adviser for approval. Second, upon

approval from the research adviser, the researchers immediately sent the letters to the Barangay

Captains for the conduct of the study. Third, upon approval from the Barangay Captain to

conduct the study, questionnaires were administered observing the proper health protocol. Lastly,

the researchers retrieved, tallied, analyzed, and interpreted the data gathered.

Treatment of Data

The responses of the respondents on the problems encountered in the implementation of

curfew hours were coded and interpreted as follows.

Interpretation on the Problems Encountered During the Implementation

Value Range Descriptive Verbal Description

4 3.26- Always Every day the problem was encountered on curfew hours

4.00

3 2.51- Sometimes 5-6 days a week the problem was encountered on

3.25 implementation of curfew hours

2 1.76- Rarely 1-4 days a week the problem was encountered on the

2.50 implementation of curfew hours

1 1.00- Never Never the problem was encountered on curfew hours

1.75

Legend

Range Descriptive Interpretation Verbal Description

3.26-4.00 Always Everyday implementation of curfew hours

2.51-3.25 Sometimes 5-6 days a week of implementation of curfew hours

1.76-2.50 Rarely 1-4 days a week of implementation of curfew hours

1.00-1.75 Never No implementation of curfew hours

 RESULTS

This chapter integrates the results of the study after data gathering. After the data tables

are prepared with its corresponding weighted mean and verbal interpretation. The researchers

presented it in a table format.

Demographic Profile
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 The residents ages 18 years old and below of Barangay Buenavista Santiago city, with a

population of 357 and with a random sample of 140 that comprise of 20 young individuals per

purok.

Table I

Demographic Profile of the Juvenile Respondents

(The age and gender of the respondents)

n=140

Age Frequency

13 24

14 23

15 28

16 24

17 21

18 20

Gender

Male 81

Female 59

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Area of Residency

Purok 1 20

Purok 2 20

Purok 3 20

Purok 4 20

Purok 5 20

Purok 6 20

Purok 7 20

Footnote: A. Respondents were equally distributed per purok

Source: Adapted questionnaire (Carpio, 2020) & (Andres, 2021)

Table I. Shows the demographic profile of the respondents of this research. Since the juvenile

curfew ranges from 18 years old and below the researchers ended up cutting the age range until

age 13. Ages 15 years old are the highest frequency among the ages while the lowest frequency

with 20 individuals is the age 18. 81 of the sample size are male and 59 of them are female.

Age of the respondents has no significant relationship with the factors affecting the

implementation of curfew hours in Buenavista Santiago city. This contrasts with Sutphen's

(2001) study, which found that males were more likely to engage in sexual activity. Where cited

for breaking curfew regulations far more frequently than the ladies. The most common type of

26 | P a g e
 violation two or more guys was encountered by the cops. Even if the weather is bad, you can

roam the streets or hang out in public spaces. Curfews are frequently enforced. It was also

discovered that males are more likely to have issues during this time, because they were unable to

go out for implementation for recreational purposes

Table II

Factors Affecting Curfew Implementation

(Implementation of Curfew among Juvenile)

1.I have encountered a barangay tanod during their foot patrol for the purposes 3.59 Always

of implementation of curfew ordinance.

2.I have experienced to stay up late and roam at the barangay for the purpose 3.20 Sometimes

of “happy-happy”

3. I have tried to embolden other juveniles to stay up late outside and violate 3.2 Sometimes

the curfew ordinance of your barangay.

4.I have tried to violate the curfew ordinance. 3.3 always

5.I have been discouraged to roam outside and stay up late because of the said 3.08 always

curfew ordinance?

6.The barangay officials conduct info drive to disseminate information and 3.0 sometimes

provisions of the curfew ordinance.

7.The consistency is present in the implementation of the curfew ordinance of 2.9 sometimes

27 | P a g e
your barangay.

8.The barangay police security officers of my barangay consistently patrol in 3.24 always

their respective area of responsibilities.

9.I have observed peace and order in my barangay upon the implementation of 3.34 always

the curfew ordinance.

10.Our barangay officials consistently provide programs or sanctions to those 3.44 always

who violate the said curfew ordinance.

11.They conduct community service as a punishment to those who violates the 3.50 always

curfew ordinance.

12.I think the programs given by the barangay officials yield positive impact 3.50 always

after compliance with it.

13.I think that the programs given by the barangay officials for the violators 3.0 sometimes

would suffice to determine possible violators of the said curfew ordinance.

14.Our barangay officials do not give the due sanctions to punish the violators 2.00 rarely

of curfew ordinance in our barangay

15.The programs seem not to give sanction rather it seem like a reward to 2.05 rarely

those who violate the said curfew ordinance

Footnote: A. WM- weighted Mean

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 VI-Verbal Interpretation

Source: Adapted questionnaire (Carpio, 2020) & (Andres, 2021)

Table II showed the results of the factors affecting the curfew implementation in which the

statement "I have encountered a barangay tanod during their foot patrol for the purposes of

implementation of curfew ordinance." got the highest weighted mean of 3.59 with the verbal

interpretation of always. With the statement "Our barangay officials do not give the due sanctions

to punish the violators of curfew ordinance in our barangay" got the lowest mean of 2.00 with a

verbal interpretation of "rarely".

The highest weighted mean of the statement "I have encountered a barangay tanod during their

foot patrol for the purposes of implementation of curfew ordinance." interpreted as a result of

good governance. This clearly says that good governance is a factor the really affect the

implementation of the curfew hours in Barangay Buenavista.

Table III

Respondent’s Profile According to Gender

(Factors Affecting the Curfew Hours According to Gender)

female male

factors that affect the curfew hours 27.68 31.75 3.66 0.001*

Table III showed that there is a significant relationship between the gender of the respondents and

the factors affecting the implementation of the curfew hours. Female got 27.68 for the group

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means and male got 31.75. The p-value 0.001* wich means there is a significant realationship

between the gender of the repondents and the factors that affect the curfew implementation.

Table IV

Factors Affecting the Implementation of Curfew Hours as to the Officials

(Factors Affecting the Implementation of Curfew Hours according to the Barangay Officials of
Buenavista)
WM VI

1. PNP/Barangay Police conducts patrol prior and during curfew hours 3.80 always

2. Barangay Officials informed the residents about the implementation 3.47 always

of the curfew hours.

3. The officers arrest the violator of curfew hours. 3.20 always

4. People do not roam around the streets, or in any public places when 3.30 always

curfew hour begins.

5. There are limited movements among the residents during curfew 3.47 always

hours

6. Establishments such as stores follow curfew hours like closing it 3.53 always

before the time.

7. Residents who are outside their vicinity are warned by Barangay 4.00 always

Police to enter their house.

8. Computer shops are closed even for non-minorities during curfew 3.83 always

9. Videoke/videoke bars are turned off/closed during curfew hours 3.70 sometimes

30 | P a g e
 10. Parks are being closed. 3.53 always

Footnote: A. WM- weighted Mean

VI-Verbal Interpretation

Source: Adapted questionnaire (Carpio, 2020) & (Andres, 2021)

Table IV reveals the results of Factors In the Implementation of Curfew Hoursaccording the

barangay officials. The study's findings found that respondents answered

In majority of the variables, "always" is used. The top three were, " Residents who are outside

their vicinity are warned by Barangay Police to enter their house." with 4:00 weighted mean and

"always " as its verbal interpretation. Second on the list is "Computer shops are closed even for

non-minorities during curfew" WM of 3.83 and third is "PNP/Barangay Police conducts patrol

prior and during curfew hours" with WM of 3.80

Among the four identified classification factors implementing the curfew, the highest

mean that the barangay tanods answered belong to the first factor which is "PNP/tanod patrol and

checkpoint". This means that it is a factor that highly affect the implementation of the curfew

hour in Barangay Buenavista. For this kind of activity was properly performed by the barangay

tanods. Second was the factor that belong to the "cooperation of public and private

establishments", with the discipline of the owners of this establishments the curfew were properly

implemented among ng young indisviduals of the barangay. Hence, it is a factor that affect the

implementation of the ordinance. As well as the third highest mean which also belong to the

factor " PNP/tanod patrol and checkpoint", the foot patrol is one of the most effective way of

31 | P a g e
monitoring the residents. It is not shocking that it is one of the factors that affects the

implementation of the curfew hours in a good way.

DISCUSSION

The citizens of Buenavista, Santiago City, based on the following facts, followed the

Curfew hours regardless of their age, and location. But with their gender, it was identified by the

researchers that there is a significant relationship between the gender of the respondents and the

factors that affect the curfew implementation. Furthermore, curfew hours were constantly

enforced and the two leading factor that affect the implementation of the curfew ordinance

according to barangay officials are the PNP/ Tanod patrol and checkpoint and the cooperation of

public and private establishments.

The researchers came at the following conclusions based on their findings: Officials from the

barangay should be vigilant and consistent with the foot patrol and checkpoints. As well as they

must focus on strictly enforcing the ordinance, specially to the male minors of the barangay

specially that they are more vulnerable of violating the curfew hour.

32 | P a g e
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Alonzo, A. B. et. al., (2017). The deterrence effect of curfew enforcement as perceived by the

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Auditor, J., Bagundang, M., Gacayan, J., Gonzalbo, A., Ramilo, J. C., & Osorio, D. A. G. (2019).

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Ecija. International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences (IJELS), 5(1).

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Do Curfews Work? (n.d.). Office for Science and Society.

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thaijo.org/index.php/PRIJNR/article/download/5805/5064

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APPENDICES

Name (optional): Date:

Age: Gender:

FACTORS AFFECTING THE CURFEW HOURS

(Juvenile Respondents)

36 | P a g e
 Listed below are the factors that possibly affects the implementation of curfew hours that

possibly applies to you. Read and understand each statement carefully and put a check mark (/) to

the column that corresponds to how frequent you observe the following scenario.

1- Never 2- Rarely 3- Sometimes 4- Always

1 2 3 4

1. Do you agree or disagree with the implementation of the curfew?

2. Does the darangay tanod doing their responsibility during the

curfew?

3. Is there an immediate action towards the curfew violators?

4. Does the parents cooperate with the implementation of the curfew

hours?

5. Is there a seminars and activities for the parents and all the residents

in order for them to be aware of the curfew?

6. Is there a coordination together with other barangay regarding the

curfew hours?

7. The provisions of the curfew ordinance are properly deiminated by

the barangay officials to their residents?

37 | P a g e
8. Does the barangay officials strictly observe the implementation of

the curfew?

9. Does the barangay officials designating properly their tanod at night

to conduct and do their duties?

10. Does the barangay observes and respect the rights of the curfew

violators?

March , 2022

Hon. LEOFIN S. PASCUAL

Punong Barangay

Barangay hall of Buenavista

Buenavista Santiago City, Isabela

Sir:

38 | P a g e
We the Fourth-Year Student of Bachelor of Science in Criminology of La Salette, Santiago City,

are currently conducting an undergraduate thesis titled, Factors Affecting the Implementation of

Curfew Hours in Barangay Buenavista Santiago City". The respondents of this study are the

young residents of this barangay ages 18 years old and below.

In view hereof, may we seek your consent to allow us to conduct our study in your barangay and

gather the necessary information needed of the said study. The gathering of data will be done

through distribution of questionnaires and to be collected afterwards. Furthermore, may we be

assisted by your barangay officials in disseminating the questionnaires to the respondents.

Rest assured that all information that will be gathered will be treated with utmost confidentiality.

Also, if desired, we will furnish you the result of the research study for your reference.

Thank you and more power.

Very trully yours,

TRISTAN JAN ANDRES CLARISSA JOYCE CASER

Student Researcher Student Researcher

DRIX NICO PASCUAL SAINT ANNIE SINGSON

Student Researcher Student Researcher

39 | P a g e
Noted:

Adviser/ Dean, College of Criminology

Consent Form

Pangalan ng mga mananaliksik:

TRISTAN JAN ANDRES

CLARISSA JOYCE CASER

DRIX NICO PASCUAL

SAINT ANNIE SINGSON

E-mail Adress:

Kaakibat: UNIVERSITY OF L SALETTE INC, SANTIAGO CITY

BARANGAY OFFICIALS OF BUENAVISTA, SANTIAGO CITY

Pagbati sa ngalan ng Our Lady of La Salette!

Nais kang anyayahan ng mga mananaliksik na lumahok sa kanilang Descriptive-

correlational na pag-aaral na pinamagatang "Factors Affecting the Implementation of Curfew

40 | P a g e
Hours in Barangay Buenavista Santiago City". Upang maisakatuparan ang layunin ng

pananaliksik na ito, kailangan nila ang iyong kooperasyon sa pagsagot sa mga talatanungan na

kaakibat nito.Ang inyong pakikilahok sa pag-aaral na ito ay boluntaryo , at maari namang bawiin

ano mang oras.Ang mga tugon ay mananatiling kumpidensyal sa pagitan niyo at ng mga

mananaliksik.Kaya't anumang ulat ng pananaliksik na ito na ginawang available sa publiko ay

hindi magsasama ng inyong pangalan o anumang iba pang impormasyon na nauugnay sa inyong

pagkakakilanlan. kung mayroon kang mga katanungan o kung gusto mo ng kopya ng buod ng

mga resulta ng pag-aaral, maari kang makipag-ugnayan sa mga mananaliksik sa pamamagitan ng

email na sa itaas.

___________________________________________

Pangalan at Lagda ng Respondante

41 | P a g e