ENGLISH-
P RO J E C T
Sh re y Dh o ra jiya
ACTIVITY – 1
Nel s o n Ma n d el a
Mo t h er Teres a
NELSON MANDELA
• Nelson Mandela was the president of South Africa from 1994-1999.
He was the first black president of South Africa, and the first
president to be elected in a fully representative election.
• Nelson Mandela's government focused on destroying the
Apartheid government in the country, which had focused on racial
seg regation enforced by the law.
• In school, Mandela studied law and became one of South Africa’s
first black lawyers.
• Mandela is considered the father of Modern South Africa. He
was instrumental in tearing down the oppressive government and
installing democracy.
• While he was in prison, Mandela was a symbol to rally behind for
the oppressed in South Africa who were fighting for rights.
• In the 1950s, he was elected leader of the youth wing of the
African National Congress (ANC) liberation movement.
NELSON MANDELA – BIOGRAPHY
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born in
Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918.
His father was Hendry Mphakanyiswa of
the Tembu Tribe. Mandela himself was
educated at University College of Fort
Hare and the University of
Witwatersrand where he studied law. He
joined the African National Congress in
1944 and was engaged in resistance
against the ruling National Party’s
apartheid policies after 1948. He went
on trial for treason in 1956-1961 and
was acquitted in 1961
After the banning of the ANC in 1960, Nelson Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within
the ANC. In June 1961, the ANC executive considered his proposal on the use of violent tactics and agreed
that those members who wished to involve themselves in Mandela’s campaign would not be stopped from
doing so by the ANC.This led to the formation of Umkhonto we Sizwe. Mandela was arrested in 1962 and
sentenced to five years’ imprisonment with hard labour. In 1963, when many fellow leaders of the ANC and
the Umkhonto we Sizwe were arrested, Mandela was brought to stand trial with them for plotting to
overthrow the government by violence.His statement from the dock received considerable
international publicity. On June 12, 1964, eight of the accused, including Mandela, were sentenced to life
imprisonment. From 1964 to 1982, he was incarcerated at Robben Island Prison, off Cape Town; thereafter,
he was at Pollsmoor Prison, nearby on the mainland.
During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela’s reputation grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most
significant black leader in South Africa and became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid
movement gathered strength. He consistently refused to compromise his political position to obtain his
freedom.
Nelson Mandela was released on February 11, 1990. After his release, he plunged himself wholeheartedly into
his life’s work, striving to attain the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier. In 1991, at the
first national conference of the ANC held inside South Africa after the organization had been banned in 1960,
Mandela was elected President of the ANC while his lifelong friend and colleague, Oliver Tambo, became the
organisation’s National Chairperson.
NELSON MANDELA - TIMELINE
MOTHER TERESA
• Mother Teresa has been beatified by the
Catholic Church. This is a step on the way to
becoming a Saint. She is now called Blessed
Teresa of Calcutta.
• She never saw her mother or sister again
after leaving home to become a missionary.
• Albania's international airport is named after
her, the Aeroporti Nene Tereza.
• She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in
1979. Rather than have the traditional Nobel
honor banquet, she asked that the money for
the banquet be donated to the poor of India.
• She once traveled through a war zone to
rescue 37 children from the front lines.
MOTHER TERESA - BIOGRAPHY
Mother Teresa was born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu in Skopje, Macedonia, on August 26, 1910. Her
f amily was of Albanian descent. At the age of twelve, she felt strongly the call of God. She knew
she had to be a missionary to spread the love of Christ. At the age of eighteen she left her
parental home in Skopje and joined the Sisters of Loreto, an Irish community of nuns with
missions in India. After a few months’ training in Dublin she was sent to India, where on May 24,
1931, she took her initial vows as a nun. From 1931 to 1948 Mother Teresa taught at St. Mary’s
High School in Calcutta, but the suffering and poverty she glimpsed outside the convent walls
made such a deep impression on her that in 1948 she received permission from her superiors to
leave the convent school and devote herself to working among the poorest of the poor in the
slums of Calcutta. Although she had no funds, she depended on Divine Providence, and started
an open-air school for slum children. Soon she was joined by voluntary helpers, and financial
support was also forthcoming. This made it possible for her to extend the scope of her work.
On October 7, 1950, Mother Teresa received permission from the Holy See to start her own order,
“The Missionaries of Charity”, whose primary task was to love and care for those persons
nobody was prepared to look after. In 1965 the Society became an International Religious
Family by a decree of Pope Paul VI.
Today the order comprises Active and Contemplative branches of Sisters and Brothers in many
countries. In 1963 both the Contemplative branch of the Sisters and the Active branch of the
Brothers was founded. In 1979 the Contemplative branch of the Brothers was added, and in 1984
the Priest branch was established.
The Society of Missionaries has spread all over the world, including the former Soviet Union and
Eastern European countries. They provide effective help to the poorest of the poor in a number of
countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America, and they undertake relief work in the wake of natural
catastrophes such as floods, epidemics, and famine, and for refugees. The order also has houses in
North America, Europe and Australia, where they take care of the shut-ins, alcoholics, homeless,
and AIDS sufferers.
The Missionaries of Charity throughout the world are aided and assisted by Co-Workers who
became an official International Association on March 29, 1969. By the 1990s there were over one
million Co-Workers in more than 40 countries. Along with the Co-Workers, the lay Missionaries
of Charity try to follow Mother Teresa’s spirit and charism in their families.
Mother Teresa’s work has been recognised and acclaimed throughout the world and she has
received a number of awards and distinctions, including the Pope John XXIII Peace Prize (1971)
and the Nehru Prize for her promotion of international peace and understanding (1972). She also
received the Balzan Prize (1979) and the Templeton and Magsaysay awards.
MOTHER
TERESA -
TIMELINE
Book Review
ACTIVITY - 2
H A R RY
POTTER AND
T H E D E A T H LY
H A L L OW S
Z E RO T O O N E
DESIGN ED BY: -
SHREY
D H O R A J I YA
