PRACTICE TEST 24

I. MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS:

Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D to complete each blank.

1. Family relationships later ______ a greater significance in his life.

A. built up B. kept on C. took on D. made up

2. He chose to ______ family life for the sake of his career.

A. flunk B. fail C. sacrifice D. surrender

3. It can be difficult for parents to ______ control over unruly children.

A. extend B. extort C. extract D. exert

4. The horror film scared the small child out of her _______.

A. skin B. nerves C. brain D. wits

5. I really had to ______ my brains to remember the answer to the quiz questions.

A. search B. stretch C. rack D. reach

6. The offer of a place at university is not to be _____ at.

A. coughed B. sneezed C. winked D. shrugged

7. Successful blockbuster movies have brought a ______ of hope to the declining film industry.

A. stroke B. beam C. ray D. shaft

8. Advances in special effects have brought a new _____ of life to the film industry.

A. surge B. lease C. time D. flash

9. The film was very cheap to make – it was shot on a ______ budget.

A. shoestring B. wafer-thin C. low-cost D. reduced-cost

10. Exorbitant wage demands by actors may be dismissed ______.

A. out of hand B. by hand C. in hand D. hand over fist

11. After a long and arduous day, the producer was at the end of her ______ .

A. limit B. line C. rope D. tether

12. That actor seems ______ on making as much money as he can.

A. involved B. resorted C. insisted D. intent

13. Many people love to watch old movies just to _____ in nostalgia.

A. flounder B. relish C. enjoy D. wallow

14. The draw took place yesterday, but the competition winners ______ .
 A. are yet to be announced B. haven’t been yet announced

C. yet are to be announced D. haven’t announced yet

15. The police took him into custody _____ he disembarked from the plane.

A. as long as B. while C. the moment when D. the instant

16. Steven, _____ his students, was at the party. He told me that he did not know anyone _____ me there.

A. together with – besides B. along with, except

C. rather than – except D. instead of – besides

17. “I am totally broke. Have you got any money on you?”

“_____ at all.”

A. None B. Not C. Nothing D. No

18. Far more should be done to ________ the sufferings of unwanted domestic pets.

A. alleviate B. improve C. remove D. remedy

19. For elderly people, one of the problems ________ by rising prices is the continual increase in heating bills.

A. given B. posed C. pressed D. forced

20. The number of students joining the program _____ on the increase.

A. are B. is C. have been D. were

21. She was so _____ in her work that she didn’t notice when I came in.

A. filled B. filed C. piled D. wrapped

22. We have to act _____ the law.

A. in company with B. in obedience to C. with a view to D. at the hands of

23. She wrote an excellent essay _______ with a certain amount of help.

A. even so B. albeit C. despite the fact D. in a sense

24. …………. had I left the hotel when I was surrounded by photographers.
A. No sooner B. Immediately C. Just D. Hardly
25. …………….. is understood to be no question of a criminal act having taken place.
A. There B .it C. Although D. And
26. Harold would rather we ……….. hold the meeting on Friday.
A. shouldn't B. weren't to C. didn't D. wouldn't
27. ............. his love of swimming, it's hardly surprising he enjoys spending his holidays by the sea.
A. Recognising B. Given C. Providing D. Granted
28. ……………. you had to find a new job, what would you like to do?
A. Provided B. Supposing C. So D. Though
29. William is an authority …………. medieval tapestries.
A. on B. with C. about D. in
30. 'I don't believe you! You're having me .................!' said Jack.
A. out B. on C. over D. up
31. Over the centuries the feet of many visitors have ………...... the steps to the castle.
A. worn out B. worn through C. worn down D. worn in
32. 'Relax,' said Harry. 'We're ……………… the worst.'
A. over B. against C. done with D. finished off
33. Sebastian got ……………. for damaging his bicycle.
A. ticked off B. browned off C. frightened off D. bitten off
34. When we went to Egypt, he knew _____ no Arabic, but within six months he became extremely fluent.

A. entirely B. barely C. virtually D. scarcely

35. Because of cutbacks in council spending, plans for the new swimming pool had to be _____ .

A. stockpiled B. overthrown C. disrupted D. shelved

36. She got a _____ better report than her previous one.

A. marginally B. by far C. dreadfully D. precisely

37. Guests are encouraged to _____ themselves of the full range of hotel facilities.

A. avail B. treat C. indulge D. serve

38. She is _____ because she has failed in the math test again.

A. long in the tooth B. down in the mouth C. in peril D. in for a shock

39. I've been racking my _____ all day but I can't for the life of me remember her name.

A. mind B. memories C. recollection D. brains

40. “Do you have any idea what was happening at the time?" - "None _____."

A. at all B. almost C. whatsoever D. never

41. She’s waiting for some hero to come and sweep her off her _____.

A. feet B. head C. thoughts D. hands

42. The critics are _____ about her performance.

A. praising B. raving C. criticizing D. complaining

43. She sat in the car, silently _____ at the traffic jam.

A. fuming B. glaring C. staring D. glimpsing

44. You’ve got to _____and make him stop seeing her.

A. put your foot down B. get down to it C. go down D. put your leg down

45. My dad started _____ about what time I should come home.

A. taking the law into his own hands B. laying down the law

C. making out the law D. putting down the law

46. If you endeavour ______ your dreams, you can!

A. to fulfil B. fulfilling C. to be realizing D. realizing

47. Only three teams are now in _____ for the title.

A. tournament B. fighting C. contention D. competing

48. _____ her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her.

A. Regarding to B. Given that C. Given D. Considered

49. These points were _____ out in the later parts of the speech.

A. flirted B. blurted C. fleshed D. flattered

50. The publicist says that bad reviews may kill a movie _______ dead.

A. rock B. stone C. snow D. hard

51. Everything we had planned went _____, which was beyond belief.

A. amiss B. indelible C. infallible D. awry

52. That poor man used to be a wealthy man. Now he is ______ broke.

A. flat B. house C. forever D. deadly

53. The doctor says that it's _____ whether Mary will be okay.

A. bound B. touchy C. touch-and-go D. certain

54. She wasn’t allowed into the country, ______ because her papers aren’t in order that can be used because
it is all correct and legal.

A. subsequently B. presumably C. paradoxically D. admittedly

55. No witnesses to the murder have come ______ and the police are struggling to solve the crime.

A. around B. forward C. back D. across

56. My watch seems to _______ several minutes a day.

A. forwarding B. gaining C. progressing D. moving on

57. This iniquitous system of taxation is unlikely to change in the _____ future.

A. for B. close C. predictable D. foreseeable

58. The music increases in _____ towards the end of the movement.

A. tempo B. time C. rhythm D. beat

59. Hopes are _____ of finding the missing boat.

A. darkening B. going C. fading D. draining

60. I suppose he could _____ have reached the summit on his own, but I doubt it.

A. conceivably B. credibly C. imaginably D. Believably

YOUR ANSWERS:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.

31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50.

51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

II. GUIDED CLOZE: Choose the words or phrases that best fit the blank to make a complete passage

Most films on release this week are routine, standard issues of variable (1) ……….. and only passing (2) …… in
which the standard of acting is often (3) ……….. atrocious and only (4) ……….. at best. Rising above such dull
fare is Lionland, a three-hour epic which the director Mathew Aronsky managed to complete just before he
died last year. It may well prove to be his (5) ……….. achievement. The story centres on Brad German, a boxer
whose (6) ……….. rise to fame was legendary but whose powers now are on the (7) ……….. and who is well on
his way down the slippery (8) ……….. towards alcoholism and failure. Enter the improbably named Bungy
Jumpward, his sneering young sparring partner who pours (9) ……….. on Brad, (10) ……….. his achievements
in the ring while grossly overestimating his own. He is a character with hardly any (11) ……….. qualities, but
somehow his animosity spurs Brad on to one final, glorious effort. But that is to give the plot away. Aronsky’s
remarkable (12) ……….. to keep one involved in the story never lets up: he has always had an extraordinary
(13) ……….. of creating characters that on paper seem no better than the flattest cliché but who on screen
manage to seem original and wholly rounded. His ability to judge the pacing of the story is (14) ……….. while
his (15) ……….. for detail is second to none. He will be sorely missed.
1. a. quality b. class c. nature d. grade

2. a. attention b. interest c. care d. notice

3. a. rightly b. correctly c. truthfully d. truly

4. a. medium b. mediocre c. midstream d. middle

5. a. topping b. crowning c. unique d. worthy

6. a. meteoric b. hasty c. winged d. gunshot

7. a. mend b. way c. wane d. wagon

8. a. hill b. slant c. incline d. slope

9. a. scorn b. disgust c. disdain d. sarcasm

10. a. shrinking b. detracting c. belittling d. laughing

11. a. redeeming b. rescuing c. recompensing d. reprieving

12. a. capability b. ability c. expertise d. aptitude

13. a. knock b. knot c. knell d. knack

14. a. unknowing b. unforeseen c. unenviable d. uncanny

15. a. ear b. eye c. head d. nose

YOUR ANSWERS:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

III. READING COMPREHENSION

SURGE PROTECTION

With more and more devices connecting to the world's electrical networks, protecting electrical systems
and devices from power surges—also known as distribution overcurrent—has become more important than
ever. Without adequate overcurrent protection, interruptions to electrical service can have catastrophic effects
on individuals, cities and entire nations.

In a normal electrical system, customers are supplied with a steady electrical current—a predetermined
voltage necessary to safely operate all electrical equipment connected to that system. This steady electrical
supply is subject to minimal variations—variations that are imperceptible to the consumer and do not normally
harm electrical devices. An overload current is any surge that exceeds the variances of this normal operating
current. The higher the overcurrent, the more potential it has to damage electrical devices. One of the most
important principles of overcurrent protection, therefore, is that the higher the magnitude of the overload
current, the faster the overcurrent must be interrupted.

How do overcurrents occur? Host overcurrents are temporary and harmless, caused when motors start
up or transformers are energised. Such things as defective motors, overloaded equipment or too many loads
on one circuit, however, can cause harmful, sustained overcurrents, which must be shut off quickly to avoid
damaging the entire distribution system. An inadequately protected system can cause damage ranging from
electrical shocks to people coming in contact with electrical equipment, to fires caused by the thermal ignition
of electrical materials on the overloaded circuit.

Electrical storms and lightning are among the biggest causes of major distribution overcurrent
worldwide. In the United States alone, 67 people are killed every year by these types of storms (including
those killed by falling trees and power lines—not only surges).The intense current of a lightning discharge
creates a fleeting, but very strong, magnetic field. A single lightning strike can produce up to a billion volts of
electricity. If lightning strikes a house, it can easily destroy all the electrical equipment inside, and damage the
distribution system to which that house is connected.

To protect people and devices adequately, overcurrent protection needs to be sensitive, selective, fast
and reliable. In the interest of conservation, most power systems generate different loads at different times of
the day; overcurrent protection must therefore be sensitive enough to operate under conditions of both
minimum and maximum power generation, it also needs to be selective so that it can differentiate between
conditions that require immediate action and those where limited action is required; in other words, it should
shut down the minimum number of devices to avoid disrupting the rest of the electrical system. Overcurrent
protection also needs to be fast; it should be able to quickly disconnect undamaged equipment from the area
of overcurrent and thus prevent the spread of the fault. Of course, the most basic requirement of protective
equipment is that it is reliable, performing correctly wherever and whenever it is needed.

When an overcurrent occurs at a major electricity supply point such as a power station, the resulting
surge, if it is not checked, can damage the entire distribution system. Like a flooding river—which breaks its
banks and floods smaller rivers, which in turn flood streets and houses—the extra voltage courses through the
network of wires and devices that comprise the distribution system, until it discharges its excessive energy into
the earth. This is why each piece of equipment within the electricity manufacturing and distribution system
must be protected by a grounding or earthing mechanism—the grounding mechanism allows the excess
electricity to be discharged into the earth directly, instead of passing it further down the distribution system.

Within the distribution system, surge protection is provided by overcurrent relays. Relays are simply
switches that open and close under the control of another electrical circuit; an overcurrent relay is a specific
type of relay that operates only when the voltage on a power line exceeds a predetermined level. If the source
of an overcurrent is nearby, the overcurrent relay shuts off instantaneously. One danger, however, is that
when one electrical circuit shuts down, the electricity may be rerouted through adjacent circuits, causing them
to become overloaded. At its most extreme, this can lead to the 'blackout' of an entire electrical network. To
protect against this, overcurrent relays have a time-delay response; when the source of an overcurrent is far
away, the overcurrent relays delay slightly before shutting down—thereby allowing some of the current
through to the next circuit, so that no single circuit becomes overloaded. An additional benefit of this system is
that when power surges do occur, engineers are able to use these time delay sequences to calculate the
source of the fault.

Fuses and circuit breakers are the normal overcurrent protection devices found in private homes. Both
devices operate similarly: they allow the passage of normal currents, but quickly 'trip', or interrupt, when too
much current flows through. Fuses and circuit breakers are normally located in the home's electrical switch
box—which takes the main power coming into the house and distributes it to various parts of the home.
Beyond this level of home protection, it is also advisable to purchase additional 'tripping' devices for sensitive
electrical devices such as computers, telephones and modems. While many electrical devices are equipped
with internal surge protection, the value of these devices usually warrants additional protection such as may
be gained from purchasing an additional protective device.

The modern world could not exist without reliable electricity generation and distribution. While
overcurrents cannot be entirely avoided, it is possible to mitigate their effects by providing adequate
protection at every level of the electrical system, from the main power generation stations to the individual
home devices we all rely upon in our daily lives.

Questions 1-6: Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

1. In a normal electrical system,
A. voltage differences are usually quite small.
B. overcurrent protection is mainly provided by circuit breakers and fuses.
C. different amounts of electricity are generated at different times of day.
D. some circuits constantly experience a certain level of overcurrent.
2. The writer suggests that most overcurrents.
A. are harmless and temporary. B. affect all levels of the distribution system.
C. are triggered by electrical storms. D. can be instantaneously controlled by relays.
3. What does the writer state is the most basic requirement of overcurrent protection
equipment?
A. Speed B. Selectivity C. Sensitivity D. Reliability
4. The writer suggests that most household electrical devices
A. are adequately protected by the home's electrical switch box.
B. should be protected from overcurrent by additional devices.
C. produce strong magnetic fields that can sometimes cause surges.
D. are designed to shut off after a short time delay.
5. In which of the following circumstances might the shut-down of an overcurrent relay be delayed?

A. If the source of an overcurrent is nearby.

B. If an overcurrent is caused by an electrical storm.

C. If an entire electrical network experiences “blackout”.

D. If the source of an overcurrent is far away.

6. What is an essential safety requirement for every device in an electrical system?

A. A grounding mechanism B. The ability to shut down quickly

C. Sensitivity to variances in the electrical system D. Internal surge protection

Questions 7 - 13
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

Write

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

7. Effective overcurrent protection systems shut down as few devices as possible.

8. Electricians must use special tools to fit fuses.

9. The most common cause of overcurrents is the presence of too many loads on one circuit.

10. Overcurrents course through the entire distribution system unless they are discharged into the earth.

11. Over one hundred people are killed by electrical storms worldwide each year.

12. The effects of overcurrents are magnified when electricity comes in contact with water.

13. All variations in electrical voltage are potentially damaging, and must be prevented.

Questions 14-20

You are going to read an article about shrimp farming. Seven paragraphs have been
removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A-H the one which best fits each gap
(14-20). There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use.

Last year the industrialised nations of Europe, North America and Japan peeled, chewed and dribbled
their way through over a million tons of farmed shrimps worth over £5 billion. Shrimp, it would seem, is
absolute pleasure to the taste bud. It is also abundant, protein-rich and readily acceptable to the full
range of the world’s cuisines. But, as new research by the Environmental Justice Foundation reveals, the
true costs of consuming shrimp are dangerously high.

14. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

The relatively low economic value of this wide variety of marine life compared to that of shrimp mean
that it is all discarded. In some shrimp fisheries, by-catch levels of up to 20 kg for every 1kg of shrimp
have been recorded. The species affected include rare turtles, 150,000 of which are estimated to be
caught as by-catch annually.

15. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Many of these chemicals are hazardous to human health. The wider environment is also threatened by
the release of effluent from shrimp farms into surrounding waters. The effects of shrimp farming can be
swift and devastating for coastal communities. Livelihoods that have sustained communities for
generations have been disrupted and human rights abuses have been widespread. As a result, a brutal
struggle is being waged on the coasts of some of the world’s poorest countries, with grassroots
campaigners standing up to the giant shrimp-farming industry.
16. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Worldwide, opponents of the industry claim that shrimp farming destroys lives and livelihoods of coastal
communities and that is causes significant environmental damage. Worldwide, those who have voiced
opposition to the industry have been threatened, intimidated, beaten or worse.

17. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

These sentiments are common to poor, vulnerable and often landless communities that have risen up in
protest against shrimp farms. Their anger is principally directed towards the farms blocking access to the
coast, reducing local fish catches and destroying mangrove forests that, for generations, have supplied
food, medicines, fuel and building materials.

18. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

For those who do not migrate to cities or overseas, employment must be sought in the very industry that
deprived them of their livelihoods in the first place. Shrimp fry are needed to stock the ponds and are
harvested directly from the sea. In Bangladesh, women worn in the water for eight to ten hours each
day. Illness is common. Some collect shrimp fry near the farms, where polluted water causes internal
damage and skin diseases. Gloves are not provided and hands begin to rot.

19. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Like so many activities that result in resource-use conflict, shrimp farming is destined to continue causing
serious health problems that may even be exacerbated unless the industry undergoes radical change.
Just as logging and oil exploration has become the focus of international attention following exposure of
their adverse effects, so there is an urgent need for scrutiny of farming methods used to produce this
irresistible food.

20. …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The late Shri Banke Behary Das was a prominent Indian environmental campaigner who exposed the
relationship between the people with an insatiable desire for the crustacean and those who worked to
satisfy it. In his summary of the situation, he pointed out that the only people who were capable of
forcing a change which would improve matters in the industry were the consumers themselves.

A. Father of four, Sebastino Marques de Souza is the latest casualty in this battle. Sebastino was a
community activist protesting against the expansion of shrimp farms in the mangrove forests of Brazil.
One night, two men – alleged by local campaigner to be connected to the country’s burgeoning shrimp-
farming industry – approached him under the pretence of needing to buy some petrol and silenced him.

B. Shrimp has traditionally been trawled from the ocean in arguably the most inefficient fisheries practice
on the planet. The effect of trawl nets on ecological communities on the ocean floor is the underwater
equivalent of clear-cutting forests. Although shrimp trawlers provide only 2% of the world’s seafood, they
haul in a third of all the global fishing industry’s ‘by-catch’. In that by-catch over 400 marine species have
been identified.
C. In Honduras, violence in the mangroves is no longer a cause of surprise. Even Jorge Valera, director of
a local human rights and environmental group has received death threats on numerous occasions.
Nevertheless, he has gone on record as saying: ‘with the complicity of our government, we have given
away our people’s patrimony to a few national and foreign individuals, and we have deprived thousands
of their livelihoods. We have turned the blood of our people into an appetiser.’

D. Conditions in processing plants also leave much to be desired. Many female workers in Indian shrimp-
peeling factories are reportedly held virtual captives by the owners. They may sleep above the processing
units where the inhalation of odours and ammonia refrigerants is unavoidable. Common complaints
include skin problems and backache from standing for prolonged periods. Handling ice-food for long
hours has also been linked to arthritis.

E. To the uninitiated, the concept of farming shrimp might seem quite idyllic but the reality’s harsh. In
fact, shrimp farming is more of an industrial than an agricultural phenomenon. Having been responsible
for widespread clearance of productive land and mangrove forests, shrimp farming is also heavily reliant
on the use of water pumps, aerators and chemical inputs of pesticides, disinfectants, steroid hormones
and antibiotics – including chemicals banned for use in food production by the EU and US.

F. As coastal land has been seized or rendered unusable, hundreds of thousands of rural poor have been
displaced. In Ecuador a single hectare of mangrove forest can provide food and livelihoods for ten
families but an Ecuadorian shrimp farm of 110 hectares employs just six people during the preparation of
shrimp and a further five during the harvest. Likewise, in Sri Lanka’s Puttlam district nearly 20,000 lagoon
fishers have been obliged to move to the city or flee the country in search of work as shrimp farming has
wiped out their traditional livelihoods.

G. Whether stir-fried, barbecued or curried, our passion for this tender crustacean is undeniable.
However, to satisfy our appetises, communities worldwide are becoming hungrier, thirstier and less
empowered to determine their own lives. This is not a model of development to be proud of.

H. Profits for shrimps-farm owners can be spectacular, and such is the avarice associated with the
industry that in some countries politicians and military figures have a vested interest in a shrimp farm.
Indeed, there are some who actually have their own farms. This has allowed them to indulge in a lifestyle
their countrymen cannot even imagine.

YOUR ANSWERS:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

IV. OPEN CLOZE: Fill in each blank with ONE word to make a complete passage

An increasing number of people are advocating a switch from chemical pesticides to a more organic approach
to raising and protecting the world's food supply. By using (1)__________ insects such as ladybugs, praying
mantises, and wasps, farmers can reduce the amount of chemicals they (2)__________ into the environment.
Crop rotation has been used to control pests by changing their food supply on a regular (3)__________.
Intercropping, or (4)__________ different crops together in the same fields, also helps control pest
populations by creating different environments that will not allow large (5)__________ of problem plants and
animals to become established. Another pest management technique, called integrated pest management
(IPM), is being promoted as an (6)__________ to chemical pest control. IPM is a management strategy rather
than an attempt to eliminate problem-causing plants and animals. (7)__________ of trying to kill all the pests
that cause problems, an IPM approach attempts to keep their populations below the level where they cause
negative economic or health effects. Although IPM incorporates the use of some pesticides, its primary
control measures are nonchemical.
IPM involves the evaluation of each crop and its related pest species (8)__________ an ecological system. A
control program is developed that includes various cultivation, biological, and chemical control methods
applied in the best sequence and timing to achieve the best results. Fields are carefully monitored
(9)__________ damage, and appropriate control measures are applied only when pests (10)__________ an
economically damaging level. This approach saves the farmers money by reducing their need for chemicals
and for the machinery to (11)__________ them. Furthermore the IPM approach protects the environment by
reducing the chemical impact on the ecosystems. By introducing natural control methods, farmers can
actually (12)__________ areas to more natural systems and thus help reclaim land that has become
unproductive.
Although a sudden change to organic methods may reduce production, a slow conversion from
(13)__________ to organic pest control methods usually will not cause much economic loss. Yields per
hectare may drop, (14)__________ costs also fall so that profits usually remain relatively stable. There is
also evidence that as the soils recover (15)__________ time, they become more productive, and crop yields
may even improve.
YOUR ANSWERS:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

V. WORD FORM:

Part 1: Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets
1. Africa is the world’s driest continent, but the________of the rains is as much of a problem as the lack of
them. (PREDICT)

2. They didn’t even consider her for the job because she was 46 – it was a typical case of________ (AGE)

3. People who have been abused as children often experience feelings of ________ (WORTH)

4. Unemployment is still________high in some areas of the country. (WRETCH)

5. His poems are full of unfulfilled________ and desires. (YEARN)

6. Good friends can enrich the quality of our life _______. (MEASURE)

7. The situation _______ a feeling of desperation among the fans. (GENDER)

8. The area has become rather ______ , so the restaurants there have increased their prices. (MARKET)

9. The whole incident totally ______ me and I never went there again. (NERVE)

10. Watching those fantasy films is pure ______ . (ESCAPE)

11. There’s definitely a strong political ________to the film, with issues such as the wealth divide never far
from the surface. (CURRENCY)

12. He’s got a sharp tongue. You don’t want to be on the receiving end of one of his _________, I can tell
you! (PUT)

13. Having been one of the most law-abiding countries in the world — a ________for stability, order, and
decency — are we changing into something else? (WORD)

14. Beware of those _________ . Their mind is actually empty! (INTELLECT)

15. These two lads from a remote village in Norway have enjoyed _______ success with their first album.
(DREAM)

YOUR ANSWERS:

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9.

10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15.

Part 2. Read the following passage and fill each blank with the correct form of the word chosen
from the box.
 CAPTURE ABOUND GO LAW BIOLOGY BRACE

KEY BREED PESSIMISTIC GUARD DECIDE DANGER

The role' of the traditional zoo, inherited from the 19th century, has (1)_______________ a dramatic shift. A
growing recognition that zoos ought to be in the (2)_______________ of the fight against the devastation of
our natural world has begun a zoological revolution. The change occurred in the 1960s, when the Jersey zoo
was set up to breed endangered species. As a result, the breeding of animals in (3)_______________ has
become a complex science, with zoos around the world co-ordinating their efforts to avoid the genetic dangers
of (4)_______________ small populations.
The answer to the question of whether zoos can have very much impact on the preservation of endangered
species is, probably, minimal. Zoos do not focus their education efforts on those people in the strongest
positions to affect the future of the wildlife exhibited. For the most part, conservation education is targeted at
children and other (5)_______________ makers in a process too slow or too far away to address the
extinction crisis which exists now. Furthermore, the efforts of zoos to inform (6)_______________ and
government authorities are usually (7)_______________ or non-existent. Campaigns are more likely to be for
an animal exhibit rather than for the existence of the animal itself.
Nevertheless, it does not do to address the future from a foundation of (8)_______________. A vision of the
future is (9)_______________ in which the human population has levelled off at about 8.8 billion and wherein
human effects upon the environment have been tethered and considerable wildlife remains. It certainly will
not be as rich or (10)_______________ as today's wildlife, but with substantial diversity and numbers of
more or less wild ecosystems, and the zoos' work, this vision can become reality.

YOUR ANSWERS:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

VI. PHRASAL VERBS:

Fill in each blank with ONE phrasal verb given in the box to make meaningful passages. You have
to use the appropriate form/tense of each verb.

safeguard against, smooth over, clear up, make up for, resort to,

grasp at, walk away, live with, iron out, fall back on, resign to

Coping with problems

We must all (1) _______ ourselves _______ the fact that we will encounter problems throughout our
lives. We cannot (2) _______ all unpleasant events. Nor can we (3) _______ from every difficult situation
that comes along. We have to find ways of (4) _______ the bad situations that we inevitably face from time
to time and find ways of (5) _______ difficulties. We should not be too proud to (6) _______ our parents
for advice – we may be surprised at how helpful they can be. If the problem is a disagreement, then we may
be able to (7) _______ things _______. Explaining how we feel will sometimes be all that is needed to (8)
_______a misunderstanding. If we have behaved badly, then we should apologize and find a way to (9)
 _______ our actions. The important thing is not to (10) _______ behaviour that we know is wrong even if it
seems to offer a temporary solution. Don’t just (11) _______ the first chance of an easy way out – it may
not be the right thing to do.

run round, fling into, get off, beaver away

In this job you just have to (12) _______ yourself _______ your work and (13) _______ to get
things done each day. I spend a lot of time (14) _______ helping other people. It’s not a bad job, and some
days I can (15) _______ early if the boss isn’t around.

bring out, come across, shine through, pride on, light up, draw out, vouch for
Jack is leaving us today and I want to wish him a happy retirement. Having worked closely with him, I can
personally (16) _______ his unswerving loyalty to the company over the last 21 years and his extraordinary
skills as a personnel manager. Right from the beginning, his ability to handle people (17) _______. He (18)
_______ himself _______ the good relations he enjoyed with junior staff. He knew that good relationships
mean everything in the workplace. It was always such a pleasure to see how his face would (19) _______
whenever he managed to solve a tricky personnel issue, for him, resolving a difficult situation was its own
reward. Jack was also excellent at (20) _______ younger, less experienced members of staff and he showed
that rare talent to (21) _______ the best in all his colleagues. I’m sure everyone would agree that he always
(22) _______ as calm, professional and committed to his staff. His departure will be a great loss to the
company, and I wish him.

YOUR ANSWER:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

21. 22.

VII. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION:

Rewrite the sentences so that they mean almost the same as the ones before them.

1. David played the main role when the proposal was drafted. (INSTRUMENTAL)
à David of the proposal.

2. As there had been such heavy rain, the match was cancelled. (PELTING)
à As , the match was cancelled.
3. Don’t panic about something so trivial. (MOUNTAIN)
à Don’t make .

4. Everybody in the audience stood to applaud the actor’s performance. (STANDING)

à The actor was given .

5. He had no idea what was going to happen to him when he walked into that room. (STORE)
à Little him when he walk into that room.

6. Every possible effort was made by orphanage to find the boy’s parents.
à The orphanage left no stone .

7. I would like to see what my parents think before I decide.

à I would like to sound .

8. The Mountain Rescue Team is pessimistic about the missing climbers.

à The Mountain Rescue Team doesn’t hold .

9. It is not certain that Jones will get the job.

à It is open .

10. Julia soon calmed down and explained her problem.

à Julia soon pulled .

11. The manager praised one particular player. (SINGLED)

à One particular player_____________________________________________________.

12. Tim tried to be like one of his heroes when he was a young musician. (MODELED)

à As ___________________________________________________________________.

13. He has made no effort to conceal his dislike for me ever since I was promoted over him. (GRUDGE)

à He has had ____________________________________________________________.

14. My parents are furious with me for getting a tattoo and so have grounded me. (ARMS)

à My parents, ____________________________________________________________.

15. We would always take great care when flying at night. (WITS)

à We always ______________________________________________________________.

16. She is determined to become a doctor. (HEART)

à ______________________________________________________________________.

17. It would have taken a miracle to save the paintings from the fire.

à Nothing _______________________________________________________________.

18. The girl’s behavior was incomprehensible to the head teacher. (LOSS)

à _______________________________________________________________________.

19. I have too much work to do, so I am afraid I can’t go to the party tonight. (EARS)
 à _______________________________________________________________________.

20. Don’t tell them what to do any more since they have grown up. (DEVICES)

à _______________________________________________________________________.

VIII. WRITING: YOU DON’T NEED TO WRITE THIS THIS YEAR.

In no more than 250 words, write an essay on the topic:

Should we have the university entrance exam?

Use your own ideas, experience and examples to support your arguments.

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THE END OF THE TEST – GOOD LUCK!!!

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