University Of Zakho

College of engineering
Petroleum department
1st stage

WORK SHOP
FITTING

Prepare by :

Ahmed Saadi Avdal

Supervisor :

Mr.Qasim

1
Contents :

 INTRODUCTION........................................................
 SAFE PRACTIC..........................................................
 Tools of fittingshop.......................................................

1. Drilling Machine.............................................................

2. Benchvice.........................................................................

3. Try square.......................................................................

4. Vernier Calipers.............................................................

5. Hack Saw ........................................................................

6. Types of caliper...............................................................
1) Leg caliper................................................................
2) Outside Caliper ........................................................
3) Inside caliper.............................................................
7. Divider .............................................................................

8. Outside Micrometer........................................................

 Reference........................................................................

2
 INTRODUCTION :

In this exercise we used file types and  manual skill

with equipment and machines in order to facilitate a
small part of the work and in this project , which is to
learn the basics of operations on the bench using
manual tools , measuring tools , and planning tools and
this includes marking , planning and drilling and all
these operations are included during the construction of
a part from the shape that we want .in engineering
bench work and fitting have important rules to play to
complete and finish job to the desired accuracy. The
term bench work generally denates the production of
our article by hand on the bench .fitting is assembling
together of part and remaining metals to secure the
necessary fit , and may or be carried out at the bench .

3
 SAFE PRACTICE :

The following are some of the safe and correct work practices in bench
work and fitting shop, with respect to the tools used

1. Keep hands and tools wiped clean and free of dirt, oil and grease.
Dry tools are safer to use than slippery tools

2. Bear no sharp instruments in your pockets.

3. Sandals can be avoided in favor of leather accessories.

4. Wearing loose clothing is not a good idea.

5. Working instruments should not be held at the table's side

.
6. Place the job piece so that the cut you're going to make is similar to
the vice. Springing, saw breakage, and personal injuries are all
avoided when using this procedure.

7. When sawing and filing, just apply force on the forward (cutting)
stroke and release it on the return stroke.

8. When carving, do not keep the work piece in your lap.

9. Use the file with a tight-fitting, properly-fitting handle.

10. To avoid wounds to the fingertips, scrape the burrs from the work's
edges after filing.

11. Vice should not be used as an anvil.

12. Hold the blade straight when sawing; otherwise, it would snap.

13. Do not use a file that does not have a handle.

14. For each use, clean the vice.

4
 Tools of fitting shop
1. Drilling Machine
Drilling is the process of extracting a volume of metal from a job using a cutting tool called a
drill to create a circular opening. Drills are rotary end cutting tools with lips and clusters for
cutting fluid passage. A drilling machine is an instrument that is used to dig holes in metal.

Working principle:
The drills' spinning edge exerts a large force on the work piece, causing holes to form.
Shearing and extrusion are two methods for removing metal from a drilling process.

Main parts of Drilling Machine:

➢ Base
➢ Table
➢ Spindle
➢ Drill head
➢
(1)Base: The pillar drill's column is supported and stabilized by the foundation.
(2)Table: The table may be modified to fit the size of the work piece and supports the
working material object. Rotating the table around the pillar allows it to be balanced.

(3)Spindle: The drill bit is held and rotated by the spindle. The speed of the machine is set
to monitor the depth and width of the hole being bored.

(4)Drill Head: The spindle is housed in the drill handle, which pushes it up and down.

5
2. Bench vice
The bench vice is a tool for keeping work in place. It's the most famous vice in a tailor's shop.

Bolts and nuts are used to secure it to the table. The set jaw and the movable jaw are the two
major components of the vice body. When the vice handle is rotated clockwise, the job is
forced against the set jaw by the sliding jaw. Hardened steel is used to make the jaw plates.
Jaw serrations ensure a secure hold. Jaw caps made of flexible rubber are clenched in the vice
to shield finished surfaces. The length of the jaws determines the size of the vice. The vice
body is made of cast iron, which is solid in compression but weak in friction, and therefore
breaks when subjected to vibrations, so it can never be hammered.

2. Try square
It is measuring and marking tool for 900 angle .In practice, it is used for checking the
squareness of many types of small works when extreme accuracy is not required .The blade
of the Try square is made of hardened steel and the stock of cast Iron or steel. The size of the
Try square is specified by the length of the blade.

6
3. Vernier Calipers
This are used to precisely measure the outside and inside lengths. It can be used as a depth
gauge as well. There are two jaws on it. One jaw is positioned at one end of the main scale,
while the other jaw is formed at the other end.

4. Hack Saw
Hand-cutting metal is done with the Hack Saw. It is made up of a frame that secures a thin
blade in place. The number of teeth on a hacksaw blade is measured in centimeters. The
number of teeth on a hacksaw blade can range from 5 to 15 centimeters (cm). Cutting soft
materials like titanium, brass, and bronze requires blades with less teeth per cm. Hard
products such as steel and cast iron are sliced with blades with a higher number of teeth per
centimeter. There are two types of hacksaw blades: I all rigid and (ii) lightweight.
Both heavy blades are made of H.S.S., which has been hardened and seasoned throughout to
extend the life of the cutting points. Hard metals are sliced with these. These blades are hard
and delicate, and twisting and pressing them into the job when sawing will quickly crack
them.
The hacksaw blade's teeth are spaced, as seen in the figure, and are referred to as a "pack of
teeth." This provide slots that are broader than the diameter of the blade, stopping the blade
from jamming.

5. Types of caliper:

7
 1) Leg caliper: It's made of steel tapered strip that's hinged at one end between
washers, with one leg twisted inwardly at the tip and the other with a straight pointed
end. It's used to figure out where the middle of a bar is. It is sometimes used to
scribble lines parallel to the work's side.

2) Outside Caliper: There are two types of

these: ordinary and spring form. It has two inwardly bending steel wings. This are
used to determine the dimensions of circular structures from the outside.

3) Inside caliper: There are two types of these: ordinary and spring form. It stands on
two bent external steel legs. This are used to create internal measurements and
transition them to the workplace.

6.
Divider: This is used to draw triangles, arcs, map out perpendicular lines, and bisect lines,
among other things. Sizes range from 100 to 300 millimeters.

8
7. Outside Micrometer
This is used to precisely measure exterior measurements. Figure depicts a micrometer with a
scale of 0 to 25 mm and a precision of 0.01mm. This come in a variety of sizes and accuracy
levels, with anvils ranging from 0-25 mm to 2000 mm in scale and 0.01 to 0.001 in accuracy.
There are a variety of micrometers designed for specific applications. Thread micrometers are
used to measure thread dimensions, tube micrometers are used to measure tube wall
thickness, and so on.

9
Reference
http://www.bspublications.net/downloads/05229cf9b012a3_workshop_Ch_1.pdf
https://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/AUT2013/ieWPbs/notes/Workshop%20Practice%20(Fittin
g%20Shop).pdf

https://www.jmi.ac.in/upload/menuupload/up_workshop_manual_2020.pdf

10