in response to the United Nation’s goal of
universal child immunization by 1990.
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON IMMUNIZATION
4. Proclamation No. 46 (September 16, 1992)
Established in 1976 reaffirmed the Philippines’ commitment to
Background of the Program universal goal of eradicating polio by 2000
The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) was through child and mother immunization.
established in July 1976 by the Department of Health in 5. RA No. 7846 (An Act requiring compulsory
cooperation with the World Health Organization and the immunization against Hepatitis B for infants and
UNICEF. The original objective is to reduce the morbidity children below eight years old, amending for the
and mortality among infants and children caused by the purpose Presidential Decree No. 996, December
six childhood immunizable disease that are included in 30, 1994)) listed down basic immunization
the program, these are: tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, services to be provided. These include
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and measles. vaccination against: (i) tuberculosis (TB), (ii)
diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus (DPT), (iii)
This program ensures that infants/children and mothers poliomyelitis (administered orally), (iv) measles,
have access to routinely recommended infant/childhood (v) rubella, (vi) Hepatitis-B in newborns within 24
vaccines. hours after birth, and (vii) provision of other
basic immunization services for infants and
Vision, Mission, Goals A. Goal children below eight years of age.
Goal 6. DOH AO No. 39, s. 2003 (April 21, 2003) guided
1. To reduce the morbidity and mortality among children the nationwide implementation of the EPI.
against the most common vaccine-preventable diseases. 7. RA No. 10152 (July 2, 2011) otherwise known as
the Mandatory Infants and Children Health
Specific Goals Immunization Act of 2011 mandated the
1. To immunize all infants/children against the most adoption of a comprehensive, mandatory and
common vaccine-preventable diseases. sustainable immunization program against VPDs
2. To sustain the polio-free status of the among all infants and children under the age of
Philippines. five years. These include vaccines against: (a)
3. To eliminate measles infection. Tb; (b) DPT; (c) Poliomyelitis; (d) Measles; (e)
4. To eliminate maternal and neonatal tetanus Mumps; (f) Rubella or German measles; (g)
5. To control diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis b and Hepatitis B; (h) H. Influenza Type B (HIB); and
German measles. (h) other types as may be determined by the
6. To prevent extra pulmonary tuberculosis among Secretary of Health.
children.
Legal Basis Basic Strategies Under the Program
A. The Philippine Immunization Program is A. Conduct of Routine Immunization for
mandated and supported by the following laws Infants/Children/Women through the Reaching
and policies. Every Barangay (REB) strategy
1. The fundamental law of the land – the 1987 1. Aimed to improve the access to routine
Philippine Constitution – says that “The State immunization and reduce drop-outs.
shall adopt a comprehensive approach to health 2. The Five Components:
development which shall endeavor to make a. data analysis for action
essential goods, health and other social services b. re-establish outreach services
available to all people at affordable cost. There c. strengthen links between the community
shall be priority for the needs of the and service
underprivileged, sick, elderly, disabled, women, d. supportive supervision and maximizing
and children” (Article XIII, Section 11, 1987 resources
2. Presidential Decree (PD) No. 996 (September B. Supplemental Immunization Activity (SIA)
16, 1976) provides for compulsory basic 1. These are activities used to reach children who
immunization for infants and children below have not been vaccinated or have not developed
eight years old sufficient immunity after previous vaccinations.
3. Presidential Proclamation No. 6, implementing C. Strengthening Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI), Surveillance
1. This is critical for the eradication/elimination 2. Schedule of vaccination
efforts, especially in identifying true cases of
measles and indigenous wild polio virus The Common Childhood Diseases
2. Procurement of adequate and potent vaccines
Tuberculosis Mycobacterium droplet
and needles and syringes to all health facilities
(TB) tuberculosis
nationwide
Hepatitis B Hep B Virus Mother to
Implementing agencies (Partner institutions) child or
1. Department of Health intercourse
a. Procures all the vaccines and needles
and syringes for the immunization Diphtheria Corynebacterium Droplet
activities targeted to diphtheriae
infants/children/mothers.
Pertussis Bordetella Direct contact
b. It’s role of policy formulation, regulation,
pertussis
technical guidance, training and
orientation, planning, and evaluation. It
Neonatal - Clostridium Unhygienic
will continue to develop strategic plans, cutting of
Tetanus tetani
undertake advocacy, surveillance, cord
monitoring and research. The DOH will
operate through its 18 Regional Offices Poliomyelitis Polio Virus , 2 Fecal Oral
(ROs) responsible for operating and 3 Route
specialty and regional hospitals and
medical centers. Measles RubeolaVirus Droplets and
2. Department of Education 4 days before
and 2 days
a. Aim to inform, educate, and engage the
after rash
community in promoting
3. World Health Organization Mumps Virus Direct
a. Coordinates and collaborates with the Contact or
government in increasing vaccination Airborne
rates
Rubella Rubella virus Droplets from
4. United Nations International Children’s
cough and
Emergency Fund sneeze
a. Works with partners to establish,
maintain or improve the cold chain for Pneumonia streptococcus , droplets
5. Local Government Units Hib,
a. Stewards of the local health system and pneumocystis
will formulate and enforce local policies jiroveci
and ordinances related to health, Diarrheal Rotavirus, E Coli Poor hygiene
nutrition, sanitation and other health Disease
related matters in line with national
policies and standards. Meningitis Haemophilus Respiratory
● Rural Health Units (RHUs) Influenzae Type Droplets
● Main Health Centers (MHC) B
● Health Centers (HCs)
● Barangay Health Stations (BHS)
BCG Bacillus Calmette TB
Community hospitals. Guerin
Roles of the Nurse Pentavalent 5 in 1 Diptheria,
A. Assessment for general condition and skin Vaccine Pertussis,
integrity of the patient. Tetanus, Hep B,
B. Maintain aseptic technique in administering Haemophilus
Influenza B
vaccines.
C. HealthTeaching OPV Oral Polio Vaccine
1. If fever occurs, give acetaminophen.
IPV Inactivated Polio
Vaccine
MMR Measles Mumps
Rubella
PCV Pneumococcal
Conjugate Vaccine
(Maam’s Notes)
HIV AND AIDS
What is the National HIV, AIDS and STI Prevention
and Control Program ?
● A UNAIDS Report on the global HIV epidemic
states that the number of new infections in the
Philippines has more than doubled in the past
six (6) years from an estimated 4,300 in 2010 to
an estimated 10,500 in 2016. The Philippines
has become the country with the fastest growing
HIV epidemic in Asia and the Pacific, and has
become one of eight countries that account for
more than 85% of new HIV infections in the
region.( Department of Health)
● This program aims to reduce the transmission of
HIV and STI among the Most At Risk Population
and General Population and mitigate its impact
at the individual, family, and community level.
Vision, Mission, and Goals
● Vision: To achieve ZERO new infections, ZERO
discrimination, and ZERO AIDS-related death.
● Mission: To improve access and utilization of ● This Order is issued to provide
preventive primary health care services for HIV standards and mechanisms for
and STI, collaboration between the National TB
● Goals:To reverse the trend of HIV epidemic by Control Program (NTP) and National
reducing the estimated annual infections to less AIDS and STI Prevention and Control
than 7,000 cases by 2022. Program (NASPCP) for the provision of
TB and HIV services under UHC.
Legal underpinnings
1. Administrative Order No. 2017-0019
● “The Policies and Guidelines in the
Conduct of Human Immunodeficiency
Virus (HIV) Testing Services (HTS) in
Health Facilities“ Basic Services
● To provide policies and guidelines in the ● HIV Counseling and Testing Training (This is
conduct of HIV Testing Services (HTS) designed for health care providers and lay
in health facilities. people providing HIV services to enhance
2. Administrative Order No. 2018-0024 knowledge, skills and attitude in providing HIV
● Revised Policies and Guidelines on the counseling including pre and post-test
Use ofAntiretroviral Therapy (ART) counseling to clients who access this service at
among People living with Human the health facilities. This is organized by the
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Centers for Health Development).
HIV—exposed infants” ● Primary HIV Care Training for health service
● This Order aims to provide standards for providers (This is designed for facilities that
the use of ART among adults and intend to become an HIV treatment facility. This
children infected with HIV and infants is organized by the Centers for Development).
exposed to HIV in the Philippines ● Philhealth Circular 011-2015 & 2018-0004:
3. Administrative Order No. 2019-0001 Outpatient HIV and AIDS Treatment (OHAT)
● “Guidelines on the Implementation of Package
Rapid HIV Diagnostic Algorithm”
● To provide implementation policies and Partner Institutions
guidelines for the use of rapid HIV National/Government
diagnostic algorithm (rHIVda) as the ● All members of the Philippine National AIDS
new HIV confirmatory test in Certified Council
rHIVda Confirmatory Laboratory (CrCL) ● DepEd
facilities. ● DOLE
4. Administrative Order No. 2019-0016 ● DSWD
● “Policies and Guidelines on the ● DILG
Prevention of Mother to Child ● CSC
Transmission (PMTCT) of Human ● CHED
Immunodeficiency Virus” ● NYC
● To provide guidance on PMTCT of HIV ● CC
among sexually transmitted infection ● Chair, Senate Committee on Health &
(STI), maternal and child health (MCH), Demography
family planning (FP), sexual and ● Chair, House of Representative Committee on
reproductive health (SRH) service Health
providers covering public and private, ● PLHIV Organizations (Pinoy Plus Advocacy
community-based health facilities and Pilipinas, Inc,. & Project Red Ribbon)
the civil society. ● NGO Representatives (Action for Health
5. Administrative Order No. 2022-0010 Initiative, Alagad-Mindanao, Positive Action
● “Guidelines on Tuberculosis - Human Foundation Philippines Inc., AIDS Society of the
Immunodeficiency Virus (TB-HIV) Philippines, The Library Foundation Share
Services Integration for Universal Health Collective)
Care (UHC) Implementation Local/Youth/CSOs/NGOs
● Pilipinas Shell Foundation,Inc.
● The LoveYourself
● Sustained Health Initiatives of the Philippines
● Lakan Champion
● Community Center
● HIV and AIDS Support House
● Y-Peer Pilipinas
International Partners
● WHO
● UN (UNAIDS, UNFPA, UNICEF, UNODC)
● Family Health International
● USAID
Roles of the Nurse
● Conduct orientation with new attendees to
treatment sites
● Make recommendations about the most effective
approaches to ensure that PLHIV adhere to care
and treatment
● Closely monitor and follow up with the patients
to ensure that appointments are kept and other
aspects of treatment are adhered to (such as
laboratory tests etc.)
● Track patients who are lost- to- follow- up as per
the LTFU Protocol
● Facilitate linkage of PLHIV (newly diagnosed
etc.) to treatment and care services
● Promote among health care workers the
establishment of PLHIV peer support groups at
treatment sites and at the community level
● Provide health teachings on the importance of
sexual education which includes the practice of
safe sex and using of condoms.
