CHEMISTRY FOR
ENGINEERS - LEC
1st Semester AY 2021 - 2022
MATTER
Discuss what is matter,
its properties, states and
the classifications of
matter.
LEARNING Differentiate physical
changes from chemical
OUTCOMES: changes
Differentiate the different
classification of matter and
provide some examples that
are related in engineering
program.
• Matter refers to anything
that occupies space and
has mass.
MATTER Can you give some
examples of matter?
How about examples that
is not matter?
PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES
- qualities or characteristic
1. EXTENSIVE PROPERTY
- also known as extrinsic property
- property that can vary with different samples of
the same material
- are not inherent characteristics of the material
itself.
Ex. Mass, volume, size, length
PROPERTIES
2. INTENSIVE PROPERTY
- also known as intrinsic property
- property that does not change with different
samples of the same material
- inherent characteristics of the substances and
depend on the kind of material itself.
Ex. Color, odor, taste, hardness, solubility, density,
melting point, boiling point
MATTER IS
IDENTIFIED
THROUGH ITS
INTENSIVE
PROPERTY
1. Physical Property
- properties that can be observe
without changing the composition of the
substances.
Ex. Color, odor, taste, hardness, density,
solubility, melting point, boiling point
COMPOSITIONS
Elements present
COMPOUNDS
Proportion
Ex.
Hydrogen & Oxygen
H2O
11 % by weight H
89 % by weight O
2. Chemical Property
- properties that can be observed when a chemical
change takes place in a substance.
- properties that strikes how a substance interest
another.
Ex.
Combustibility - ability of a substance to burn
Reactivity - rusting of iron
STATES OF MATTER
1. Solid
2. Liquid
3. Gas
SOLID
- has its own definite shape and volume
- particles are tightly packed
LIQUID
- has a constant volume and takes the
shape of its container
- particles are less tightly packed than a
solid
GAS
- no definite volume
- take the shape of their container, filling all of
the available space
- particles widely separated
STATES OF MATTER
SOLID LIQUID GAS
COMPARISON BETWEEN A
SOLID, LIQUID, GAS
Property Solid Liquid Gas
Particle packed not widely widely
Arrangement closely separated separated
together
Movement very little slower than Freely
gas
Diffusion very slow slower than Easily
gas
Compressibility very difficult readily
difficult
Density high high Low
Mixability extremely slower than readility
slow gas
CHANGES OF MATTER
1. Physical Change
- alters the form but not the
composition of the substance
- change in state
CHANGES OF MATTER
2. Chemical Change
- change that alters by forming a
new substances
- change in the composition
- associated with chemical properties
INDICATIONS OR PREDICTIONS
OF CHEMICAL CHANGE
1. change in color
2. evolution of gas
3. evolution or absorption of heat
CHANGES OF MATTER
CLASSIFICATIONS OF MATTER
MATTER
PURE
MIXTURES
SUBSTANCES
ELEMENT COMPOUND HOMOGENEOUS HETEROGENEOUS
SOLUTION
COLLOID SUSPENSION
PURE SUBSTANCES
- have constant composition and can
only be separated by chemical
reactions
ELEMENT
- substances that cannot be
decomposed into simpler substances
by chemical or physical means
COMPOUND
- substance with constant
composition that can be broken down
into elements by chemical processes
MIXTURES
- consist of 2 or more pure substances
- does not have a fixed composition
and maybe separated into its
components by physical means
HOMOGENEOUS
- mixture of 2 or more pure
substances that is uniform throughout
HETEROGENEOUS
- not uniform throughout but
consists of parts that are physically
distinct
HETEROGENEOUS
Colloids
- A mixture that contains dispersed particles that are
intermediate in size between those of a true solution and
suspension
Suspension
- heterogeneous mixture containing solid particles that are
sufficiently large for sedimentation
REFERENCES
Hill, John W. (2013). Chemistry for Changing Times. New
York: Prentice Hall
Stoker, H. Stephen (2016). General Chemistry. Andover:
Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.
Zumdahl, Steven S. (2015). Introductory Chemistry: A
Foundation. USA: Cengage Learning Asia Ptd Ltd., USA
