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The document contains lecture handouts from a hospital management course. It includes information on four topics: 1) The relationship between hospitals and industry, describing different levels of hospital care. 2) The challenges of hospital administration, such as demands from various stakeholders and the need for professionalism. 3) Hospital planning, which involves forecasting activities to achieve goals through studying community needs, staffing, management, and more. 4) Equipment planning for hospitals, which involves surveying equipment needs and budgeting. Videos and books are provided for further learning on these topics.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)

247 views73 pages

LH HM

Uploaded by

Manikandan N

We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.

Available Formats

Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

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MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Accredited by NAAC & Affiliated to Anna University)
Rasipuram - 637 408, Namakkal Dist., Tamil Nadu

L 01
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME V/III

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : I - OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Hospital and Industry relationship

Introduction :
A hospital is a health care institution providing patient treatment with specialized medical and nursing
staff and medical equipment.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

The hospital is an integral part of a social and medical organization, the function of which is
to provide for the population complete healthcare, both curative and preventive, and whose
out- patient services reach out to the family in its home environment
Hospital classification:
LEVEL ONE: PRIMARY Primary Care Physician, Family Physician or Public Health
CARE Clinic
LEVEL TWO: SPECIALTY Specialist Physician
PHYSICIAN CARE
LEVEL THREE: HOSPITAL Acute Care General Hospital or Ambulatory Surgical
CARE Center
LEVEL FOUR: SPECIALTY Specialty Acute Care Hospital
HOSPITAL CARE

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXFVH_f7dOQ

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 1-18

Course Teacher

Verified by HOD
MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Accredited by NAAC & Affiliated to Anna University)
Rasipuram - 637 408, Namakkal Dist., Tamil Nadu

L 02
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : I - OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Challenges in Hospital Administration

Introduction :
Change is being driven in the developing world by the growth of the middle class, greater
demands from that middle class, and the globalization of economics.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Challenges to administrative abilities have come from within the health field as well as from
the public: For instance, from
(a) business and professional leaders who were initiated into the hospital scene as trustees of
voluntary hospitals;
(b) the large number of physicians who
comprise the medical staff of today’s hospital and who are especially concerned about the
facilities and services available for the care of their patients;
(c) professional organizations which prescribe various standards of hospital operation while
granting approval to the hospitals;
(d) academicians who are concerned about matching what they teach with the requirements
of the patients and hospital administrations;
(e) labour demanding standards of employment and working conditions at least equal to if
not better than those prevailing in other industries; and
(f) trustees of the Trust Hospitals, members of Registered Society Hospitals, shareholders of
Corporate Hospitals, and others who have been their own masters and have been operating
with no restraints so far will have to face increasing professionalism threatening their power
and existence.
These professionals will bring professionalism in running the hospitals, meaning thereby
decentralization in decision making and strategic management to survive in the society. No
CEO of any hospital will be able to run his hospital without collecting sufficient funds from
his patients rather than from trustees, society members, shareholders, philanthropists etc. Of
late a new challenge is that of being environment friendly. When the international focus is on
a safe environment, hospitals which do not pay enough attention to this sensitive issue will
be eliminated from the community either through enforcement of legal regulations or
customers’ boycott. This has already begun in the West and will certainly happen here too,
perhaps within the next five to ten years.
It should be remembers that creditability and effectiveness are mutually dependent and
proportional. The Chief Executive Officer of a hospital must guard his creditability at all cost.
He must be able to provide latest technology and vision. He should push for change when it
is required in the interest of the patients, employees

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXFVH_f7dOQ

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 109

Course Teacher

L 03
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : I - OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Hospital Planning

Introduction :
Hospital Planning
• Planning is the forecasting and organizing the activities required to achieve the desired goals.
• All successful hospitals, without exception are built on a triad of good planning, good design &
construction and good administration
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Planning is the forecasting and organizing the activities required to achieve the desired
goals.
• All successful hospitals, without exception are built on a triad of good planning, good
design & construction and good administration.
• To be successful, a hospital requires a great deal of preliminary study and planning.
• It must be designed to serve people.
• It must be staffed with competent and adequate number of efficient doctors, nurses, and
other professionals.
• A strong management essential for the daily functioning of a facility; must be included in
the plans of a new hospital.
Planning involves six questions:
• What we expect to do?
• Why it will be done?
• Where will it be done?
• When we expect to do it?
• Who all are going to do it?
• How will it be done?
Factors in Hospital Planning
• Community interest over individual interest.
• Preventive services over curative services.
• Services catering to the weaker sections of the community.
• Rural over urban.
• Regionalized planning.
Steps of Hospital Planning:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXFVH_f7dOQ

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No:115

Course Teacher

L 04
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : I - OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Equipment Planning

Introduction :
Medical Equipment Planning involves equipment survey, budgeting, selection, technical
specifications and procurement of medical equipment, taking into account the required level of
technology, program planning objectives and available budget
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

The Medical Equipment Management Plan defines the mechanisms for interaction and
oversight of the medical equipment used in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of
patients. ... The mission is to ensure that equipment used in patient care is safe, available,
accurate, and affordable.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXFVH_f7dOQ

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 139

Course Teacher

L 05
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : I - OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: functional planning

Introduction :
The functional plan is the overall strategy describing how and when the goals set in the strategic
plan will be achieved. The function plan is the concrete, specific actions and timeframes of
making the goal of opening that branch a reality.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

A strong management essential for the daily functioning of a facility; must be included in the
plans of a new hospital. ... Hospital building differs from other building types in the complex
functional relationship that exist between the various parts of the hospital.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXFVH_f7dOQ

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 170

Course Teacher

L 06
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : I - OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Organizing

Introduction :
Hospitals are set up with a hierarchical and divisional structure. This structure means various
levels of staff —ranging from high- to lower-level positions—are responsible for others within
their respective divisions.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Traditional organizational structures come in four general types – functional, divisional, matrix and
flat – but with the rise of the digital marketplace, decentralized, team-based org structures are
disrupting old business models.

Organizational Structure of Hospitals

Boards of Directors
Hospitals are corporations and are therefore overseen by boards of directors. Nonprofit
hospitals have boards that often consist of influential members of health care and local
communities. Many hospitals were founded by a religious group and maintain religious
affiliation. These hospitals often include clergy and congregation leadership in their boards.

Educationally affiliated hospitals are often overseen by universities. Therefore, university

boards of trustees or regents may double as the board of directors for a hospital. Multi-
hospital systems, particularly for-profit ones, usually have one board of directors overseeing
numerous facilities.
Executives Oversee Day-to-Day Operations
Boards of directors leave it to their executives to see that their decisions are carried out and
that the day-to-day operations of the hospital are performed successfully. The chief executive
officer is the top boss responsible for everything that goes on in a hospital. However,
hospitals usually have chief nursing officers, chief medical officers, chief information officers,
chief financial officers and sometimes chief operating officers, who also carry a lot of weight.
This group of top executives forms the central core management.

Hospital Department Administrators

The top managers of each hospital department report to the core management. These people
are responsible for one type of medical or operational service. Most departments are areas of
patient care such as orthopedics, labor and delivery or the emergency department. There also
are non-patient-care departments such as food services and billing.

Clinical departments usually have large staffs, significant supply and purchasing needs and
numerous regulations they must comply with. Therefore, administrators often have assistant
administrators who help them oversee their multifaceted operations.

Patient Care Managers

Within a department, there are the people who directly oversee patient care. Nurse managers,
directors of rehabilitation services and supervising physicians have people under them who
give hands-on patient care. This level of management ensures that the staff members are
acting appropriately, giving the best care, addressing all of their duties, complying with
hospital and legal requirements and, for nurses and allied health care workers, following
physician orders.

When something goes wrong with a patient or a clinician, these people handle the problem.
They also usually oversee schedules and basic human resource functions for their employees.

Patient Service Providers

Most of a hospital is composed of service-providing staff. From nurses and physical
therapists to line cooks and laundry workers, it takes a lot of hands-on staff to make
everything happen. These people have very specific job descriptions and duties, which
hospitals need them to perform very well to ensure the safety and health of patients.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXFVH_f7dOQ

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 170

Course Teacher

L 07
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II
Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : I - OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Date of Lecture:
Topic of Lecture: Current Issues in Hospital Management

Introduction :
There are many issues arising within this complex healthcare system. Providers are facing
increased costs, regulatory changes, coding updates, inefficiencies, security issues, and disruptive
technology
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

• General Healthcare Management Problems
• IT Management Problems in Healthcare Organizations
• Financial Issues in Healthcare Organizations
• Economic Challenges in the Healthcare Industry
• Final Note on Management Problems in Healthcare Organizations
Many issues are arising within this complex healthcare system. Providers are facing increased
costs, regulatory changes, coding updates, inefficiencies, security issues, and disruptive
technology.
A key challenge is increasing interoperability between disconnected providers and
leveraging technology to make up for decreasing staff and an improved focus on value-based
care over quantity treated. This includes improving preventative approaches to managing
population health.
One interesting option to reduce costs is to outsource vital tasks to a trusted third-party
healthcare service organization. While many problems are facing the healthcare industry, the
future is bright and improving daily.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXFVH_f7dOQ
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No:

Course Teacher

L 08
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : I - OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Telemedicine

Introduction :
Telemedicine refers to the practice of caring for patients remotely when the provider and
patient are not physically present with each other. Modern technology has enabled doctors to
consult patients by using HIPAA compliant video-conferencing tools. Most robust and easy
to use telemedicine software.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Telemedicine allows health care professionals to evaluate, diagnose and treat patients at a
distance using telecommunications technology. The approach has been through a striking
evolution in the last decade and it is becoming an increasingly important part of the
American healthcare infrastructure.
Telemedicine Definition
Telemedicine can be defined as the use of technology (computers, video, phone, messaging)
by a medical professional to diagnose and treat patients in a remote location.

Applications

There are few limitations to how telemedicine can be applied. Here are a few examples of
how it is being used today.
Follow-up visits
Using health software for routine follow-up visits is not only more efficient for providers and
patients, but it also increases the likelihood of follow-up, reducing missed appointments and
improving patient outcomes.
Remote chronic disease management
The increasing rate of chronic disease is a major challenge for our health system. It is a prime
candidate for the use of telemedicine software because it makes it easier and less expensive
for patients to maintain control over their health.
Remote post-hospitalization care
One telehealth program for patients with congestive heart failure reduced 30-day hospital
readmissions by 73 percent and six-month readmissions by 50 percent.
Preventative care support
Weight loss and smoking cessation are the keys to reducing heart disease and a host of other
conditions. Telemedicine can be a valuable tool in connecting providers with patients to
make sure they get the support they need to be successful.
School based telehealth
When children become ill at school, they might visit a school nurse or be picked up by their
parents and taken to an urgent care center. Some innovative districts have teamed up with
doctors to conduct remote visits from the school. The provider can assess the urgency of the
case and provide instructions or reassurance to parents.
Assisted living center support
Telemedicine software has already proven to be useful in keeping residence of assisted living
facilities out of the hospital. Problems often occur at night or on weekends, making
hospitalization the only option even for less urgent problems. With telemedicine, on-call
doctors can conduct a remote visit to determine if hospitalization is necessary.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXFVH_f7dOQ

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.who.int/goe/publications/goe_telemedicine_2010.pdf

Course Teacher

L 09
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : I - OVERVIEW OF HOSPITAL ADMINISTRATION
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Bio-Medical Waste Management. – Color coding

Introduction :
Bio-medical waste means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or
immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in
the production or testing of biological, and including categories mentioned in Schedule I, of
the BMW rules, 2016.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Definition of Medical Waste
Medical waste is any kind of waste that contains infectious material (or material that’s
potentially infectious). This definition includes waste generated by healthcare facilities like
physician’s offices, hospitals, dental practices, laboratories, medical research facilities, and
veterinary clinics.
The importance of biomedical waste management
It can spread disease, impact the water supply, wildlife, and your reputation. Reinforcing the
importance of medical waste disposal with your staff helps you create a worker-safe, patient-
safe and environmentally-safe workplace.

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXFVH_f7dOQ
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5784295/

Course Teacher

L 10
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : II - Human Resource Department Management
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Principles & Functions of HRM

Introduction :
Human Resource (HR) department deals with issues related to employee benefits, compensation,
performance and reward management, wellness, safety, organizational development, employee
relations, and motivation, etc. HRD plays a significant and strategic role in managing people as well as
workplace culture.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management
Detailed content of the Lecture:
The HR management functions in these hospitals include maintaining the service records of
all employees including leave and other benefits; processing various matters related to the
staff; travel and other matters. Human resource departments are responsible for activities
spanning a wide variety of core functions. In short, human resource activities fall under the
following five core functions: staffing, development, compensation, safety and health, and
employee and labor relations.
Human resource functions are expressed as under:
Job analysis and job design: ...
Recruitment and selection of retail employees: ...
Training and development: ...
Performance Management: ...
Compensation and Benefits: ...
Labor Relations: ...
Managerial Relations:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DcYSUTxefI
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 182-201

Course Teacher

L 11
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : II - Human Resource Department Management
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Profile of HRD Manager

Introduction :
The HR Manager is responsible for employment policies and procedures, overseeing payroll and
rewards and recognition programs as well as managing workplace safety initiatives.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Principles of Management
Detailed content of the Lecture:
It is essential that a health care facility is staffed with suitable personnel. The HR manager
organizes and conducts the selection of appropriate candidates for such positions. She advises
management on employee pay and benefits for both recruits and existing employees.
Staffing and Placement
It is essential that a health care facility is staffed with suitable personnel. The HR manager
organizes and conducts the selection of appropriate candidates for such positions. She advises
management on employee pay and benefits for both recruits and existing employees. The HR
manager may ensure that newly-hired personnel acquire labor certificates from the U.S.
Department of Labor and work visas from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.

Legal Research on Health Care

The role of the HR manager extends to research on rules and regulations governing the health
care system in relation to its employees. This may require working with the lawyers of the
hospital. Statutes such as The Medicare and Medicaid Patient Protection Act of 1987 are
important laws with which a health care facility should be well-versed. Legal contracts with
medical practitioners on recruitment and retention also need close scrutiny by the HR manager
and his department. This avoids situations where a facility is subjected to penalties for violations
of health-related laws, or disputes arising from employee contracts.

Management of Employees
A health care facility needs the expertise of qualified and reliable members to ensure adequate
delivery of health care services, limit complaints from patients, and prevent sanctions from
authorities. The HR manger is in charge of evaluating existing employees in an organization. He
must ensure that the performance of recruits and employees is up to par. He is also in charge of
addressing disputes arising between employees and management and finding working solutions
to address such disputes.
Decision-Making
Facility management has increasingly included the HR department in the decision-making and
planning process. This was a paradigm shift from an earlier role confined to record-keeping and
legal auditing. The inclusion of the HR department in management allows the manager to
address employee concerns. When such matters are addressed at an early stage it limits staff
disputes and unrest. The HR manger is also tasked with the responsibility of developing a strong,
reliable team and establishing management strategies to govern the workforce, which ensures a
better organized heath care system.

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Course Teacher

L 12
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : II - Human Resource Department Management
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Tools of HRD –Human Resource Inventory

Introduction :
Human Resource Inventory, also known as the skills inventory comprehensively lists down the
basic information on all the employees, like their education, experience, skills, age, gender, salary
related data, job preference and special achievements. It is a vital tool used in HR planning and
policy making.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Here are six HR tech tools that businesses of any size can implement for a happier, better-
organized workforce.
HRMS (Human Resource Management System) or HRIS (Human Resource Information System)
Performance solutions. ...
Recruiting software. ...
Payroll service. ...
Benefits management platform. ...
Employee engagement tools.
Human Resource Inventory, also known as the skills inventory comprehensively lists down the
basic information on all the employees, like their education, experience, skills, age, gender, salary
related data, job preference and special achievements. It is a vital tool used in HR planning and
policy making.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DcYSUTxefI

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 182-201

Course Teacher

L 13
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II
Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : II - Human Resource Department Management
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Manpower Planning

Introduction :
Manpower planning is the process of estimating the optimum number of people required for
completing a project, task or a goal within time. Manpower planning includes parameters like number
of personnel, different types of skills, time period etc.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management
Detailed content of the Lecture:
The objective of manpower planning is to forecast staffing level needs and work with company
managers to make sure each department is properly staffed. The human resources group plans for
seasonal rises in employment needs to insure that production levels and customer service quality are
not affected.
Factors Affecting Human Resource Planning
Type and Strategy of Organization.
Organizational Growth Cycles and Planning.
Environmental Uncertainties.
Time Horizons.
Type and Quality of Information.
Labor Market.
13 Main Objectives
1. Demonstrate understanding of competency based approach in human resource.
2. Utilise tools in identifying current staff competencies and gaps, vis-a-vis, the organization’s goal and
targets.
3. Demonstrate skills in conducting training needs analysis.
4. Formulate strategies for addressing identified training needs, prepare and design training modules
and develop curriculum for training course and cost estimates.
5. Demonstrate the abilities to have the human resources development plan approved by the
appropriate decision making body.
6. Design different training programmes to meet specific needs of particular group.
7. Formulate detailed implementation schedule.
8. Design evaluation tool.
9. Implement training and development activities, programmes and plans.
10. Write a professional report.
11. Demonstrate knowledge on using relevant analytical tools for planning.
12. Explain the relationship between the organization strategic plan and the strategic human resources
development planning process.
13. Conduct a comparative study on the current human resources development planning process.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DcYSUTxefI
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 182-201

Course Teacher

L 14
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II
Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : II - Human Resource Department Management
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Departments - Hospital, Recruitment, Selection, Training Guidelines

Introduction :
Recruiting is the discovering of potential candidates for actual or anticipated organizational vacancies.
Or, from another perspective, it is a linking activity-bringing together those with jobs to fill and those
seeking jobs.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Recruitment process passes through the following stages:

• Recruitment process begins when the personnel department receives requisitions for
recruitment from any department of the company, The personnel requisitions contain details
about the position to be filled, number of persons to be recruited, the duties to be performed,
qualifications expected from the candidates, terms and conditions of employment and the time
by which the persons should be available for appointment etc.
• Locating and developing the sources of required number and type of employees.
• Identifying the prospective employees with required characteristics.
• Developing the techniques to attract the desired candidates. The goodwill of an organisation in
the market may be one technique. The publicity about the company being a good employer may
also help in stimulating candidates to apply. There may be others of attractive salaries, proper
facilities for development etc.
• Evaluating the effectiveness of recruitment process.

The major factors which determine the steps involved in a selection process are as follows:
• Selection process depends on the number of candidates that are available for selection.
• Selection process depends on the sources of recruitment and the method that is adopted for
making contact with the prospective candidates.
• Various steps involved in as selection process depend on the type of personnel to be selected.

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Course Teacher

L 15
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : II - Human Resource Department Management
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Methods & Evaluation of Training

Introduction :
Training evaluation tools are what is used to collect data on the training programs. They come in
a variety of forms and can be divided into categories such as questionnaires, interviews, focus
groups, and observations.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management
Detailed content of the Lecture:
valuate how the training has influenced the learner's performance and delivery at work by using
a combination of these methods:
Self-assessment questionnaires.
Informal feedback from peers and managers.
Focus groups.
On-the-job observation.
Actual job performance key performance indicators (KPIs)
The types of measurements are categorized into levels and serve as the framework of training
evaluation.
Level 1: Reaction, Satisfaction, and Intention. ...
Level 2: Knowledge Retention. ...
Level 3: Application and Implementation. ...
Level 4: Business Impact. ...
Level 5: Return on Investment. ...
Evaluation is Critical to Training Success.

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Course Teacher

L 16
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II
Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : II - Human Resource Department Management
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Leadership, Promotion – Transfer

Introduction :
Leadership is the art of motivating a group of people to act toward achieving a common goal. In a
business setting, this can mean directing workers and colleagues with a strategy to meet the
company's needs.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

There are many different leadership skills required in the workplace, but the most in-demand
ones include:
Active listening.
Empathy.
The ability to share clear messages and make complex ideas easy to understand for everyone.
Strategic thinking skills.
Creativity.
The ability to inspire and convince others.
Flexibility.
Promotions
According to Pigours and Myers, ‘Promotion is advancement of an employee to a better job –
better in terms of greater responsibility, more prestige or status, greater skill and especially
increased rate of pay or salary”.

Arun Monappa and Mirza S Saiyadain defined promotion as “the upward reassignment of an
individual in an organization’s hierarchy, accompanied by increased responsibilities,
enhanced status and usually with increased income though not always so”.

Conditions of promotions are:

Reassignment of higher level job to an employee than what he is presently performing
The employee will naturally be delegated with greater responsibility and authority than what he
has had earlier. Promotion normally accompanied higher pay. It means in some cases, the
employee perform higher level job and receive the salary related to the lower level job.
Promotion may be temporary or permanent depending upon the organizational needs and
employee performance.
Types of Promotion:
Vertical Promotion
Up gradation
Dry Promotion
Purposes of Promotion:
To utilize the employee’s skill knowledge at the appropriate level in the organizational hierarchy
To develop competitive spirit and inculcate the zeal in the employees to acquire the skill,
knowledge etc. required by higher level jobs.
To develop competent internal source of employees ready to take up jobs at higher levels in the
changing environment.
To promote employees’ self development and make them await their turn of promotions. It
reduces labour turnover.
To promote a feeling of contentment with the existing conditions of the company and a sense of
belongingness.
To promote interest in training, development programmes and in team development
Transfer:
Transfer is defined as “… the moving of an employee from one job to another. It may involve a
promotion, demotion or no change in job status other than moving from one job to another”.
Reasons Types of Transfer

1. To meet the organizational requirements Production Transfer

2 To satisfy employees’ needs Personal Transfer
3 To utilize employee’s skill knowledge etc
4 To improve employee’s background by placing him in different jobs of Remedial Transfer
various departments, units etc.
5 To correct inter-personal conflicts
6 To adjust the workforce of one section/plant in other section/plant
during lay-off, closure or adverse business conditions etc.
7 To give relief to the employees who are overburdened or doing Replacement Transfer
complicated or risky work for a long period
8 To punish the employees who violate the disciplinary rules Penal Transfer
9 To help the employees whose working hours or place of work is Shift Transfer
inconvenient to them
10. To minimize fraud, bribe etc which result due to permanent stay and
conduct of an employee with customers, dealers, suppliers etc.
11 To increase the versatility of employees Versatile Transfer
(Rotation transfer)
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DcYSUTxefI

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 182-201

Course Teacher

L 17
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II
Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : II - Human Resource Department Management
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Communication – nature, scope, barriers, styles

Introduction :
Communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place, person or group to
another. Every communication involves (at least) one sender, a message and a recipient. ... These
include our emotions, the cultural situation, the medium used to communicate, and even our
location
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

“Communication is the transfer of information from a sender to a receiver, with the
information being understood by the receiver”. — Koontz and Weihrich

Channels of Communication:
Communication channel is the path through which information flows from sender to
receiver.
Two main communication channels are:
I. Formal communication channel and
II. Informal communication channel.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DcYSUTxefI

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 182-201

Course Teacher

L 18
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME IV/II
Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : II - Human Resource Department Management
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: modes of communication

Introduction :
A medium is the channel or system through which communications are conveyed. The plural
form of medium is media.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

There are four main categories or communication styles including verbal, nonverbal, written
and visual:
Verbal. Verbal communication is the use of language to transfer information through
speaking or sign language. ...
Nonverbal. ...
Written. ...
Visual.
3 Modes of Communication
Communication is the process of sharing information between individuals using a set of
common rules, behaviour, symbols, and signs. This process of disseminating information can
be done through 3 major modes namely,
Interpretative Communication
Presentational Communication
Interpersonal Communication

Interpretive Communication
Also referred to as the “one-way communication”, in this mode, the information conveyed by
the sender is interpreted by the receiver in its original form. The target has to understand the
message in both written and spoken form keeping various aspects in mind. For example, in a
class, the learners may not understand every word said by the teacher but are expected to
understand the main crux of the topic. Some of the main highlights of Interpretative
Communication are:
Learners understand, interpret, and analyze what is heard, read, or viewed on a variety of
topics.
This mode of communication involves interpreting the author or producer’s intent.
There is no alternative to the active negotiation of meaning with the writer, speaker, or the
producer.
Interpersonal Communication
Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information through
verbal and nonverbal messages. It is an unmediated mode of communication that occurs
when we interact and attempt to mutually influence each other, simultaneously, in order to
manage relationships. Although interpersonal communication can encompass oral, written,
and non-verbal forms of communication, the term is usually applied to spoken
communication that takes place between two or more individuals on a personal or face to
face level. Examples of Interpersonal Communication include:
Personal Interview
Telephonic Conversations
Interactive Sessions
Debates
E-mails
Text Messages
Models of Communication Bachelor of Mass Communication
Presentational Communication
Presentational Communication is another type of one-way communication, which facilitates
interpretation by members of another group where no direct opportunity for the active
negotiation of meaning between members of the two groups exists. With this mode of
communication, a person is speaking to an audience that can be rehearsed, pre-prepared, or
scripted. Some of the main highlights of Presentational Communication have been given a
rundown below.
To ensure the intended audience is successful in its interpretation, the “presenter” needs
knowledge of the audience’s language and culture.
No direct opportunity for engaging with larger audience exists in this form of
communication.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0DcYSUTxefI

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Hospital Administration and Human Resource Management, Dr. D.K. SHARMA & R.C.
GOYAL Pg.No: 182-201

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Marketing information systems

Introduction : The Marketing Information System refers to the systematic collection, analysis,
interpretation, storage and dissemination of the market information, from both the internal and
external sources, to the marketers on a regular, continuous basis.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Marketing information includes all those facts, estimates, guidelines, opinions, policies and
other important data which is necessary for taking marketing decisions. This information
may be collected from internal and external sources. This information usually collected from
customers, competitors, company salesmen, suppliers, government sources, specialized
agencies and others. Now a day MIS system uses modern technology and techniques for
collecting, analyzing, storing and distributing information.
Steps of Marketing Information System:
In order to use marketing information, companies have to focus on three main steps of marketing
information systems.
Assessing Information Needs
Developing Information
Distributing Information
Components of Marketing Information System
Thus, the marketers need to keep a check on the marketing environment, i.e. both the internal
(within the organization) and the external (outside the organization, so that marketing
policies, procedures, strategies can be designed accordingly.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vF600oLu4_4
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
https://journals.sagepub.com/home/mmj

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:

Introduction :

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:

Introduction :

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:

Introduction :

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:

Introduction :

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:

Introduction :

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:

Introduction :

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:

Introduction :

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:

Introduction :

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

BME III/V

Course Name with Code : 19BMC11 & HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Ms. S. Suchitra
Unit : III MARKETING RESEARCH PROCESS
Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:

Introduction :

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

Course Teacher

LECTURE HANDOUTS L

BME III / V

Course Name with Code : 19BCM11 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Faculty :Dr. G.Sudha, Prof/BME
Unit : IV Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Management Decisions and Related Information Requirement

Introduction :
Hospital Management & Information System (HMIS) is a system for patient care and hospital
management. HMIS automates financial, administrative and patient care activities of hospital,
generates extensive management reports, operational statistics & offers a powerful query module.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Management Information System (MIS) is an organized, automated, and diverse information
system that gathers, stores, processes, and distributes data associated with different departments
of the organization. This data is processed in various forms, such as graphs, diagrams, charts, and
reports to generate accurate, relevant and valuable information for the management. This
information is further communicated to the various departments to be used for decision-making
and business management. MIS system provides central storage of all the business information.
There are various types of MIS systems which are used to gain better understanding of the
market and enterprise.
In the context of different levels of decision making, information can be described as:
⋅ source,
⋅ data,
⋅ inferences and predictions drawn from data,
⋅ value and choices (evaluation of inferences with regard to the objectives and then choosing a course
of action), and
⋅ action which involves course of action.

The role of information in decision making cannot be overemphasized. Effective decision making
demands accurate, timely and relevant information. MIS provides accurate and timely information
necessary to facilitate the decision-making process and enable the organizations planning, control, and
operational functions to be carried out effectively. MIS also plays the crucial role of providing a wide
range of streamlined options from which decision-makers are able to make their preferred choices and
this ensures that whatever choices are made by decision makers, the outcome, more often than not,
becomes positive. This, as a matter of fact, is the reason why many decision makers tend to prefer
using MIS tools when making tough business choices. MIS as renowned concept, having good decision
choices guarantees viable decisions in our businesses.

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://mocdoc.in/blog/a-detailed-view-of-hospital-management-system-hms
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br3F_cAJGZw

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://emit.kcbor.net/Emit%20clanci%20za%20sajt/EMIT%20Vol1%20No3/Management%
20information%20system%20and%20decision%20making%20process%20in.pdf

Course Faculty

Verified by HoD
MUTHAYAMMAL ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Accredited by NAAC & Affiliated to Anna University)
Rasipuram - 637 408, Namakkal Dist., Tamil Nadu

LECTURE HANDOUTS L

BME III / V

Course Name with Code : 19BCM11 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Faculty :Dr. G.Sudha, Prof/BME
Unit : IV Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Clinical Information Systems

Introduction :
A clinical information system (CIS) is an information system designed specifically for use in the critical
care environment, such as in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). It can network with the many
computer systems in a modern hospital, such as pathology and radiology.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

A clinical information system (CIS) is an information system designed specifically for use in the critical
care environment, such as in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU). It can network with the many computer
systems in a modern hospital, such as pathology and radiology. It draws information from all these
systems into an electronic patient record, which clinicians can see at the patient’s bedside.

A CIS can benefit both patients and clinicians by:

 improving communication between the many health professionals caring for each patient
 providing all the information clinicians need to make good decisions
 making it easier for patients to have x-rays and scans when needed
 encouraging quality improvement
 allowing better clinical research.

In ICUs, many medical devices are used to continually monitor extremely sick patients. Vast amounts of
information are produced.

This information allows clinicians to make the right decisions.

It is estimated that ICU clinicians manage about 1700 clinical measurements per day per patient,
compared to about 32 clinical measurements per day per patient in a general ward.

Without a CIS, clinicians must collect most of these measurements and record them on paper-based 24-
hour ‘ICU flow charts’.

With a CIS, all such measurements can be captured, recorded and collated electronically.

This reduces the need for many different paper-based forms, saves time and reduces the risk of error.
Clinical information systems in NSW hospitals
ICU clinical information systems are well established and used routinely in many parts of the world.

They are used in some NSW hospitals, including Bathurst, Blacktown, Dubbo, Orange, Royal Prince
Alfred and St George Hospitals, and at The Children’s Hospital Westmead.

In time, they will be used in all ICUs in NSW.

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NCcVV5X-eG4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br3F_cAJGZw

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.aci.health.nsw.gov.au/networks/icnsw/patients-and-families/equipment/clinical-
information-system#:~
:text=A%20clinical%20information%20system%20(CIS,such%20as%20pathology%20and%20radiology.

Course Faculty

LECTURE HANDOUTS L

BME III / V

Course Name with Code : 19BCM11 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Faculty :Dr. G.Sudha, Prof/BME
Unit : IV Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Administrative Information Systems

Introduction :
This refers to information that is collected, processed, and stored in automated information
systems. Administrative data include enrollment or eligibility information, claims information,
and managed care encounters.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Administrative systems support the process of client care by managing nonclinical, client-related
information, financial and demographic information and provide reporting capabilities.

Administrative information System:

- Contains primarily administrative and financial data
- Used to support the management functions and general operations of the health care
organization.

primarily administrative:
Patient Administration Systems
• Admission, Discharge, and Transfer Registration
• Scheduling
• Patient billing or accounts receivable
• Utilization management

Financial Management Systems:

• Accounts payable
• General ledger
• Personnel & Materials Management
• Payroll
• Staff Scheduling

Clinical Information system:

- Contains clinical or health-related information relevant to the provider in diagnosing, treating
and monitoring the patient’s care
• Electronic medical record (EMR)
• Nursing documentation
• Medication administration
• Computerized provider order entry (CPOE)
• Telemedicine
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br3F_cAJGZw
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sAlJxGRTw9A
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
https://sites.google.com/site/hit410clinicalinformatics/customization

Course Faculty

LECTURE HANDOUTS L

BME III / V
Course Name with Code : 19BCM11 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT
Course Faculty :Dr. G.Sudha, Prof/BME
Unit : IV Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture:
Support Service Technical Information Systems
Introduction :
Help guide patients and their families through their health care journey. Prepare food for patients and
families or monitor patient food intake. Make sure microscopes and other testing
instruments are properly calibrated. Perform preventive maintenance on medical building systems.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management
Detailed content of the Lecture:
Help guide patients and their families through their health care journey. Prepare food for patients and
families or monitor patient food intake. Make sure microscopes and other testing
instruments are properly calibrated. Perform preventive maintenance on medical building systems.
Support Services is a vital field in health care, and careers in this area help provide a welcoming
and safe environment for patients and the public. The Support Services pathway encompasses
both technical and professional careers. Examples of Support Services careers include:
• Pharmacy aides
• Health educators
• Dietetic technicians
• Maintenance or electrical engineers
• Cooks and servers
• Patient representatives
Choosing support services
• Consider careers in the Support Services pathway if you would like to:
• Help guide patients and their families through their health care journey
• Prepare food for patients and families or monitor patient food intake
• Make sure microscopes and other testing instruments are properly calibrated
• Perform preventive maintenance on medical building systems
• Educate the community on important health topics
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br3F_cAJGZw
https://lakehealth.org/health-science-career-cluster-and-pathways/

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://bmcmedinforBMEcismak.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12911-020-1076-5

Course Faculty

LECTURE HANDOUTS L

BME III / V

Course Name with Code : 19BCM11 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Faculty :Dr. G.Sudha, Prof/BME

Unit : IV Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Medical Transcription, Medical Records Department

Introduction :
Medical transcription, also known as MT, is an allied health profession dealing with the
process of transcribing voice-recorded medical reports that are dictated by physicians, nurses
and other healthcare practitioners. Medical reports can be voice files, notes taken during a
lecture, or other spoken material.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Medical transcription is a vital step in creating patient's medical history which acts as a
reference for physicians and lays the foundation for future patient visits. It helps the doctors
evaluate the current physical condition and chart out a suitable treatment plan and take quick
and correct follow-up measures.
Medical transcription, also known as MT, is an allied health profession dealing with the process of
transcribing voice-recorded medical reports that are dictated by physicians, nurses and other
healthcare practitioners. Medical reports can be voice files, notes taken during a lecture, or other
spoken material. These are dictated over the phone or uploaded digitally via the Internet or through
smart phone apps.

Basic MT knowledge, skills and abilities

• Sound Knowledge of basic to advanced medical terminology is a must.
• Sound Knowledge of anatomy and physiology.
• Sound Knowledge of disease processes.
• Sound Knowledge of medical style and grammar.[6]
• Effective communication skills.
• Above-average memory skills.
• Ability to sort, check, count, and verify numbers with accuracy.
• Demonstrated skill in the use and operation of basic office equipment/computer.
• Ability to follow verbal and written instructions.
• Records maintenance skills or ability.
• Above-average typing skills.
• Knowledge and experience transcribing (from training or real report work) in the Basic Four
work types: History and Physical Exam, Consultation, Operative Report, and Discharge
Summary.
• Knowledge of and proper application of grammar.
• Knowledge of and use of correct punctuation and capitalization rules.
• Demonstrated MT proficiency in multiple report types and multiple ″specialties″.

The Medical Records Department (MRD) has become an essential department in every hospital,
which provides multiple services not only to the patients but also to running a hospital efficiently
and plays a key role in health promotion and patient care quality.

Understanding the different types of health information.

Electronic health record. Electronic health records, sometimes known as electronic medical
records, are electronic systems that store your health records in place of the paper copy,
according to Health IT.
• E-prescribing.
• Personal health record.
• Electronic dental records.
• Secure messaging.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br3F_cAJGZw

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778579/#:~:text=The%20Medical%20Records
%20Department%20(MRD)%20has%20become%20an%20essential%20department,promotion
%20and%20patient%20care%20quality.

Course Faculty

LECTURE HANDOUTS L

BME III / V

Course Name with Code : 19BCM11 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Faculty :Dr. G.Sudha, Prof/BME

Unit : IV Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Central Sterilization and Supply Department

Introduction :
The Central Sterile Supply Department is responsible for preparing medical/ surgical
supplies and equipment so that they are sterile and ready for use in patient care.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

The Sterile Processing Department (SPD), also known as the Central Sterile Services Department
(CSSD), is the area in a hospital where cleaning and sterilization of devices used in medical
procedures takes place. Many CSSD supervisors have experience in nursing.
Inventory. CSSD is the nerve center of the hospitals which ensure safety to the patients who are
undergoing various surgical and non surgical procedures in the hospital. Sterilization is a process
by which an article surface or medium is made free from microbes and their products; hence
sterilization of surgical instruments and other equipments used on patients should be sterilized
so that the patients do not acquire infection.
The primary duty of a CSSD supervisor centers on keeping the facility's stock of sterile devices up
to date.
Budgeting.
Hygiene.
Staff Supervision.
Record Keeping.
Infection Control.
Liaison.
Reprocessing Medical Devices.

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br3F_cAJGZw
https://careertrend.com/list-6949963-duties-responsibilities-cssd-supervisor.html
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_sterile_services_department

https://www.bbraun.com/en/products-and-therapies/services/aesculap-consulting/surgical-
asset-management/infection-prevention-cssd/central-sterile-supply-department-patient-safety-
starts-here.html

Course Faculty

LECTURE HANDOUTS L

BME III / V

Course Name with Code : 19BCM11 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Faculty :Dr. G.Sudha, Prof/BME

Unit : IV Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: pharmacy

Introduction :
The hospital pharmacy is one of the key departments in hospitals that deals with procurement,
storage, compounding, dispensing, manufacturing, testing, packaging, and distribution of drugs.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Hospital pharmacists are responsible for monitoring the supply of all medicines used in the
hospital and are in charge of purchasing, manufacturing, dispensing and quality testing their
medication stock along with help from pharmacy assistants and pharmacy technicians.
Hospital pharmacy is the health care service, which comprises the art, practice, and profession of
choosing, preparing, storing, compounding, and dispensing medicines and medical devices,
advising patients, doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals on their safe, effective and
efficient use.

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br3F_cAJGZw
https://www.eahp.eu/press-room/hospital-pharmacists-and-their-role-patient-care

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://ipapharma.org/hospital-pharmacy-division/

https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/hospital-
pharmacy#:~:text=The%20hospital%20pharmacy%20is%20one,
packaging%2C%20and%20distribution%20of%20drugs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZwkeummgYh8

Course Faculty

LECTURE HANDOUTS L

BME III / V

Course Name with Code : 19BCM11 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Faculty :Dr. G.Sudha, Prof/BME

Unit : IV Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Food Services

Introduction :
When in hospital, there is a need for familiar meals that remind patients of home;
complicated, sophisticated dishes are not well received. Menus are an important tool for
the food service manager as they are the first point of contact with the patient and can be
used both for communication and marketing purposes.

Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:

Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br3F_cAJGZw

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/12175/1/Food_Service.pdf
https://www.healthcarecan.ca/wp-
content/themes/camyno/assets/document/Reports/2017/HCC/EN/RoleofFood_FinalEN.pdf

Course Faculty

LECTURE HANDOUTS L

BME III / V

Course Name with Code : 19BCM11 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Faculty :Dr. G.Sudha, Prof/BME

Unit : IV Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Laundry Services

Introduction :
Laundry service is responsible for providing an adequate, clean and constant supply of linen to
all users. The basic tasks include: sorting, washing, extracting, drying, ironing, folding, mending
and delivery. A reliable laundry service is of utmost importance to the hospital.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

The functions of the laundry services
1. Collecting soiled linen from various places.
2. Sorting the linen and processing them
3. Inspecting and repairing or replacing damaged materials.
4. Distributing clean linen to the respective user departments.
5. Maintaining different types of registers.
Facilities and space requirements The laundry should be located in an area that has ample
daylight and natural ventilation.
Ideally, it should be on the ground floor of an isolated building connected or adjacent to the water and
power plant.
1. Space for heavy equipments like washing machine, squeezer etc.
2. Provision for supply of water and power.
3. Storage place for cleaning agents.
4. Space is also needed for sorting the soiled linen
5. Facilities to manually wash doctor’s uniform and clean other soiled linen.
6. Clothes lined to dry in the sun.
7. Lines of cards to dry clothes in the sun.
8. Place for sewing, and mending area.
9. Place for ironing.
10.Desk to have registers and files.
11. Space in every ward for storing clean linen.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Br3F_cAJGZw
https://www.thelaundrypoint.in/Laundry_services_for_Hospital.aspx

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

http://v2020eresource.org/content/files/laundry_Jan_mar04.pdf

Course Faculty

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

MDE III /V

Course Name with Code : 16MDD12 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Dr. G. Sudha, Prof/MDE
Unit : V Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Quality system – Elements, implementation of quality system, Documentation,

Quality auditing
Introduction :
Quality in healthcare means providing the care the patient needs when the patient needs it, in an
affordable, safe, effective manner. Quality healthcare also means engaging and involving the patient,
so the patient takes ownership in preventive care and in the treatment of diagnosed conditions.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Quality healthcare is more than just a popular phrase. As the transition to value-based care
moves forward, the focus in patient care is shifting to quality and away from quantity. Healthcare
outcomes for the patient are more important for the independent physician than the number of
patients seen during the day.

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) published its Quality Strategy in 2016,
listing six goals in the delivery of quality healthcare:
• Make care safer by reducing harm caused in the delivery of care.
• Strengthen person and family engagement as partners in their care.
• Promote effective communication and coordination of care.
• Promote effective prevention and treatment of chronic disease.
• Work with communities to promote best practices of healthy living.
• Make care affordable
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.slideshare.net/NcDas/quality-assurance-system-11713735

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.slideshare.net/zulfiquer732/quality-management-in-healthcare-
services#:~:text=Quality%20of%20good%20or%20service,professional%20
development%20(learning)%22.

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

MDE III /V

Course Name with Code : 16MDD12 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Dr. G. Sudha, Prof /MDE
Unit : V Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: International Standards ISO 9000 – 9004 – Features of ISO 9001 – ISO 14000

Introduction :
ISO 9000 refers to a generic series of standards published by the ISO that provide quality
assurance requirements and quality management guidance. ISO 9000 is a quality system
standard, not a technical product standard. ISO 14000 refers to a series of standards on
environmental management tools and systems.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

The standards represent an international consensus on good management practices with the aim
of ensuring that the organisation can continuously deliver the product or service that meet the
customer’s quality requirements.
• Meet applicable regulatory requirements.
• Enhance customer satisfaction.
• Achieve continuous improvement of its performance in pursuit of these objectives.
ISO takes a systems and process approach to improve organisational and financial performance
with a specific focus on quality management, process control and quality assurance techniques to
achieve planned outcomes and prevent unsatisfactory performance or non-conformance.
ISO 14000 refers to a series of standards on environmental management tools and systems. ISO
14000 deals with a company's system for managing its day-to-day operations and how they
impact the environment. The Environmental Management System and Environmental Auditing
address a wide range of issues to include the following:
• Top management commitment to continuous improvement, compliance, and pollution
prevention.
• Creating and implementing environmental policies, including setting and meeting
appropriate targets.
• Integrating environmental considerations in operating procedures.
• Training employees in regard to their environmental obligations.
• Conducting audits of the environmental management system.
ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 are tools to assist business and government to insure the quality of their
products and services, and to manage the impact of their activities on the environment. Like all
ISO standards, their use is voluntary unless a business sector makes them a market requirement
or a government issues regulations making their use obligatory. Organizations that implement
ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 voluntarily do so to improve operations and provide real benefits.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.slideshare.net/Jinsongeorge123/iso-9000-standards-for-hospitals

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.smacna.org/resources/resource/2014/05/28/iso-9000-and-iso-14000
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/7595396
_An_ISO_9001_quality_management_system_in_a_hospital
The Effectiveness of ISO 9001 and Six Sigma in Healthcare - https://repub.eur.nl › pub

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

MDE III /V

Course Name with Code : 16MDD12 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Dr. G. Sudha, Prof /MDE
Unit : V Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Environment Management Systems. NABA, JCI, NABL

Introduction :
National and International Accreditations like the NABH, NABL & JCI are considered prestigious
acknowledgements of the Healthcare Quality as they substantially improve the safety and quality
of care and services provided. Accreditation Standards form the basis of an objective evaluation
of the process that can help health care organizations measure, assess and improve performance.
Most of these improvements being possible only by with grass root changes in the practices
followed across the Organisation.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

NABH
The National Accreditation Board for Hospitals & Healthcare Providers (NABH) Standards is
today the highest benchmark standard for hospital quality in India. Though developed by the
Quality Council of India initially on the lines of International Accreditation Standards like the JCI,
ACHS and the Canadian Hospital Accreditation Standards, the NABH has now evolved over 5
major revisions and is now seen as a more practical set of Standards, topical and very relevant to
India's unique healthcare system requirements. It is also accepted by ISQUa, the International
Society for Quality Assurance in Healthcare, as an International Accreditation on par with the
world's best.
NABL
National Accreditation Board for Testing & Calibration Laboratories (NABL), similar to the
NABH, is also an autonomous body, under the Quality Council of India. The primary objective
being to maintain an accreditation system for laboratories suitable for India, developed in
accordance with relevant national and international standards and guides. The NABL
Accreditation is a formal recognition of the technical competence of a laboratory based on third
party assessment and following international guidelines. Trained Assessors taken from
institutions all over India, with established credentials in testing and calibration activities carry
out the assessment.
JCI
The Joint Commission in an independent, not-for-profit organization that has accredited and
certified more than 20,000 health care organizations and programs in the United States. The Joint
Commission accreditation and certification is recognized as a symbol of quality that reflects an
organization?s commitment to meeting certain performance standards.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://slideplayer.com/slide/1390323/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wLjf22SYBH8

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

http://www.acmeconsulting.in/services.html

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

MDE III /V

Course Name with Code : 16MDD12 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Dr. G. Sudha, Prof /MDE
Unit : V Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Security – Loss Prevention

Introduction :
Hospitals need security guards to ensure the safety of the employees, health workers,
patients, and all the people inside the premises. Violence, threat, or disturbance in a hospital
can have a huge effect on the well-being of the sick patients. Having trained security guards
on-site is important.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Health services are committed to providing a safe and secure environment for patients, staff
and visitors. Hospital security arrangements keep patients, staff and visitors safe from
inappropriate behaviour such as violence and aggression.

Safety and security in hospital

To keep staff, patients and visitors safe, hospitals use a range of security measures, including
the use of CCTV cameras, duress alarms for staff members and electronic access control
systems for doorways. Some hospitals also employ security staff.

Hospital visitors and safety

As a hospital visitor, it is important that you respect visiting hours and rest periods for
patients during the day. If you want to bring a gift or something for a loved one, check with
the hospital to make sure it is okay. Some wards do not allow pot plants, flowers or food.

Sometimes, seeing a loved one in pain or suffering can be distressing. Always be courteous to
hospital staff, other patients and visitors. Physical or verbal abuse towards staff, patients or
other visitors will not be tolerated and you may be asked to leave if you behave like this.
Hospital security arrangements
Many hospitals have security staff and arrangements to protect patients and hospital staff to
make sure they are safe.

Health services enforce a code of behaviour. They do not tolerate physical or verbal
aggression, or abuse towards staff, patients, family members or visitors. Security staff or
police will ask aggressive or abusive visitors to leave the hospital.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.hubinternational.com/blog/2016/10/preventing-workplace-violence-in-healthcare-
organizations/
https://www.slideshare.net/mohamedmhasan92/loss-prevention-and-reduction

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.jkscience.org/archive/volume23/Security%20risks.pdf
https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:831688/FULLTEXT01.pdf

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

MDE III /V

Course Name with Code : 16MDD12 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Dr. G. Sudha, Prof /MDE
Unit : V Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Fire Safety – Alarm System

Introduction :
Fire safety is an important norm that needs to be considered during the construction of
a hospital. Compared to the general buildings, it is a tough task to evacuate the people from
the hospitals. And, the highly dependent and immovable patients make it a difficult task to
evacuate the hospital building in a rush.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Fire safety is an important norm that needs to be considered during the construction of a
hospital. Compared to the general buildings, it is a tough task to evacuate the people from
the hospitals. It is unfortunate there are still a few hospitals in which the fire safety is still the
words written on the water surface.

The hospital training and learning arm to blame that most of the hospital staff do not have
awareness of fire safety and the steps that need to be employed in the face of calamity. And,
the highly dependent and immovable patients make it a difficult task to evacuate the hospital
building in a rush.

Hospitals and other healthcare facilities need to focus more on the easy and safe evacuation
methods. The healthcare practices are responsible for the safety and security of the people
inside the hospital and they are expected to adhere to the legally approved fire safety
measures.
Hospital safety and its importance
Most fire-related hazards are caused due to carelessness and improper handling of goods.
One of the places where it is difficult to evacuate people in case of a fire breakout is a
hospital. Evacuating people from hospitals during a fire hazard is challenging because it
involves moving patients who are immobile and are unable to help themselves.

The real challenge is evacuating high dependency people before the fire spreads in the
vicinity. Therefore, it is important that hospitals and other health care centers have adequate
fire prevention and safety measures in place. Prevention is the key in the case of fire-related
accidents especially when places like hospitals are concerned. Every hospital must have well-
planned exit ways and well-maintained firefighting equipment to ward off the casualties and
damage to assets.

By ensuring fire safety in hospitals, we can prevent fire accidents. Hospitals stack a lot of
combustible materials like chemicals, cylinders, surgical equipment, etc. And many hospitals
also have an inbuilt kitchen or canteen. A fire accident may have a lot of casualties as the fire
may become uncontrollable in minutes. So, the hospital management should ensure that their
buildings are fire safe all the times.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.orrprotection.com/applications/healthcare
https://www.coursera.org/lecture/fire-effect/implementing-fire-safety-systems-17-52-5RUMn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_lOkYUuEAE

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.frontenders.in/blog/the-important-fire-safety-measures-in-the-hospitals.html
https://www.beyondcarlton.org/fire-safety-in-hospitals-india/

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

MDE III /V

Course Name with Code : 16MDD12 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Dr. G. Sudha, Prof /MDE
Unit : V Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Safety Rules

Introduction :
It aims to prevent and reduce risks, errors and harm that occur to patients during provision
of health care. A cornerstone of the discipline is continuous improvement based on learning
from errors and adverse events. Patient safety is fundamental to delivering quality essential
health services
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

The environment within the hospital is critical for life support. Environmental concerns affect
the hospital internally and externally. Indeed, the hospital requires a safe internal
environment. Externally the hospital is a contributor to the environmental load of the
community. Some internal factors that impact upon hospital environment safety are
presented.

some of internal factors are :

1. Waste management
2. Noise
3. Infection control
4. Radiation safety
5. General building safety
6. Water quality
7. Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/diagnosis-treatment/hospitals-clinics/10-
tips/index.html
https://www.asianhhm.com/facilities-operations/environmental-safety-hospitals

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/servicesandsupport/security-and-safety-at-
hospital#:~:text=To%20keep%20staff%2C%20patients%20and,hospitals%20also%20employ
%20security%20staff.
https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/patient-safety

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

MDE III /V

Course Name with Code : 16MDD12 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Dr. G. Sudha, Prof /MDE
Unit : V Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Health Insurance & Managing Health Care

Introduction :
Health insurance is a type of insurance coverage that typically pays for medical, surgical,
prescription drug and sometimes dental expenses incurred by the insured. Health insurance
can reimburse the insured for expenses incurred from illness or injury, or pay the care
provider directly.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of Management
Detailed content of the Lecture:
How Health Insurance Works:
Health insurance can be tricky to navigate. Managed care insurance plans require
policyholders to receive care from a network of designated healthcare providers for the
highest level of coverage. If patients seek care outside the network, they must pay a higher
percentage of the cost. In some cases, the insurance company may even refuse payment
outright for services obtained out of network.
What Is a Managed Health Care Plan?
Managed Healthcare Plans are types of health insurance plans that emerged in the latter part of
the 20th century. Managed health care plans provide a health insurance policy to individual
members of a group or employer.

The group or employer is the plan sponsor of the managed care plan. A managed health care plan
will help beneficiaries—members of the plan—by getting them more favorable rates or
discounted medical insurance services from their plan's health provider network.

Managed health care plans allow plan sponsors to negotiate reduced rates for their policyholders
with hospitals, medical service providers, and physicians, by including them in the network.
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.policybazaar.com/health-insurance/individual-health-
insurance/articles/mediclaim-vs-health-insurance/
Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:
https://www.thebalance.com/health-and-medical-insurance-2645378

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

MDE III /V

Course Name with Code : 16MDD12 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Dr. G. Sudha, Prof /MDE
Unit : V Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Medical Audit

Introduction :
Medical audit is the systematic, critical analysis of. the quality of medical care, including the
procedures. used for diagnosis and treatment, the use ofresources, and the resulting outcome and
quality of life for the. patient'.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of management
Detailed content of the Lecture:

There are many reasons to perform medical audits:

• To determine outliers before large payers find them in their claims software and
request an internal audit be done.
• To protect against fraudulent claims and billing activity
• To reveal whether there is variation from national averages due to inappropriate
coding, insufficient documentation, or lost revenue.
• To help identify and correct problem areas before insurance or government payers
challenge inappropriate coding
• To help prevent governmental investigational auditors like recovery audit contractors
(RACs) or zone program integrity contractors (ZPICs) from knocking at your door
• To remedy undercoding, bad unbundling habits, and code overuse and to bill
appropriately for documented procedures
• To identify reimbursement deficiencies and opportunities for appropriate
reimbursement.
• To stop the use of outdated or incorrect codes for procedures
• To verify ICD-10-CM and electronic health record (EHR) meaningful use readiness
Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):
https://www.slideshare.net/ManjuPilania/final-medical-audit
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUfZ8FfjgEA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUc32Rr8lNM

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/299/6697/498.full.pdf
https://www.aapc.com/medical-auditing/medical-auditing.aspx

Course Teacher

L
LECTURE HANDOUTS

MDE III /V

Course Name with Code : 16MDD12 &HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT

Course Teacher : Dr. G. Sudha, Prof /MDE
Unit : V Date of Lecture:

Topic of Lecture: Hazard and Safety in a hospital Setup.

Introduction :

Physical and environmental hazards commonly found in hospitals include slippery floors,
electrical hazards, noise, poor lighting, and inadequate ventilation.
Prerequisite knowledge for Complete understanding and learning of Topic:
Principles of management

Detailed content of the Lecture:

Common hazards and risks in healthcare and hospitals
• lifting, supporting and moving patients.
• moving and handling equipment such as wheelchairs and trolleys.
• work-related stress.
• occupational violence.
• slips, trips and falls.
• bullying and harassment.

Despite this diversity of occupations and exposures, healthcare hazards can be divided into four
categories:
• hazardous agents
• ergonomic hazards
• physical hazards
• psychological hazards.

Hazardous agents
Hazardous agents include biological agents, chemical agents, disinfectants and sterilants,
antibiotics, hormones, antineoplastics, waste anesthetic gases, latex gloves, aerosolized
medications (e.g., ribavirin) and hazardous waste.
Ergonomic hazards
Ergonomic hazards include lifting, repetitive motion, standing for long periods of time and eye
strain due to poor lighting.
Ergonomic hazards
Ergonomic hazards include lifting, repetitive motion, standing for long periods of time and eye
strain due to poor lighting.
Psychological hazards
Psychological hazards are related to discrimination, technological changes, malfunctioning
equipment, tight work schedules, downsizing, overwork, understaffing, paperwork, increased
facility size and bureaucracy, violence, dependent and demanding patients, and patient deaths

Video Content / Details of website for further learning (if any):

https://www.slideshare.net/deepaklost/hospital-hazards
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8h_SsGQqXXU

Important Books/Journals for further learning including the page nos.:

https://www.ishn.com/articles/82284-healthcare-hazards
https://www.ulehssustainability.com/blog/occupationalhealth/hazards-in-healthcare/

Course Teacher

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