Tqas c kuk ade (3K)

MC BE CEA TC)
oXA K. K. Wagh Instiiute of Engineering Edu. & Research/ Polytechnic, Nashik - 3

A6s)gnmenl'03
Descbe comcept of eq zeuse uilh diaqram
-heq etse 6 heconcep} usinq Same gdio equenis
within airen aacd. hal ae etseed aepeakdby
Consi de aable dislem ce with minimal inkf'are
establish Conmuni CaHm
Benefits of feq atuse e follows
LAllOws Commr ithin ceu ongirenpeq
L limits es Capi ng pouweo t adjacen cells
L u5ts samefeq_for mulhpl Com resins

Lto-Sd equeml P c
For eq. hen N Cels ae usinq 5d Me m0 o fq

K be the tot no. o feq used in syskm the

each ed peq_ Callakd by unnqfomala FN

KCttst7t

A Uusk 3

seven se of e4 Cuu denoked ky ab d, e, f,9

for m athe mahcal andly6is i t 1s assumed Hha
cach Ceu has been clllocakd fixed no of channels
-

CoYing asea lo didided inb clus S amd each

Cusk has allo Cakd fixed 9oup channel.
o f channel.

. 2 ] Explawn impulse res ponse model oE mutiple Chamel

- 1mpulse csponse OFmobiu dio channel can be
 K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Edu. & Research/ Polytechnic, Nashik -
3
2

vdakd to Smal 6 Cale vqviahun of mobile add

adO 5ignd
5iqndu
widebqnd channe charack
ckizahm Consist+
of a
imp info in Ordez
t o simulcuk on analu2e
Otmy typ e adio bansmi sion uqh channel.
A mobile adio channed Can he modi Pied as a
linea f i l k r u h a time Yauinq
Lmpuse desponse
Heae Hme ravahim ls because_ ofreceiyeg motHm
i spaa(e
Sum main of amplikude d elays of muliple awivim
Cwaves a amy poinl of ime esulS in Hlemng
ilen ng
aune OF Chamne.
m pulse esponse of an imp Ch anne characHemz aion
a5 iCan be aset_predict P Com pa pe man Ce
SeYeral di ffmolajl Comm syskm bansmissim
oanduwidm f 5pecfic mncbi le dhanne Comdifhm
Mobil vadio chamel anbe. modified ds c lin eca
AR uith Hme Yaauine Im pulse'n espon se by
Considein Case Tme vamgHum 15
Were
ShcHy
be cau St Of e c e YeY oh om

Receiyez pafel_ qlong q0und at Constum velouty V

channel_behun_T 2 Kx may be modified as lined
(d'.
HmeinYaient sysht m. foa fixedpocili on d'.
Becaus of Vaious mu lhpam, waves that has propeqahon_
delay cwhich chamqes Ou Vaous spa ch ql_Rx locahon
impulse Yes ponse of LIT should be fumctim oR

PoSihon.
 3
Engineering Edu. & Research/ Polytechnic, Nashik
-

eONS K. K. Wagh institute of

u 3 A Spechum c 30 MH2 ls allocqted.

iven To Fal Bamdoi dh =

8o MH2
channel Band widh = 25 KHz *2 Sirmple hannel

S0 KHz / dupl ex chan nel

Tol-al ava1labl1e cha nnel = 30M GoD Channels
StK

4)N=4
total no, of aYailable channels= ISD Chcinmelss
Per ce1

b)foY N=
tofel No, of qvailable channels5 600 0 Chanmels

c)for N 12
total No. qvai lq ble chdnnels
60 chdnnels
Per Cel 122

1 MA2 spe cbum fo combo channels Implles that ojCe Channe

fo
Tolal Banduul dth 2 g MHz
Charmnel Bdmd widm 2S KH2 x 2 6implex channe
So KH2. /duplex channed,

Toaaraila ble channelE 29M S o channe.

 K . K. Wagh institute of Engineering Edu. & Research /
Polytechnic. Nashit a
3

Conho channcls
Tola Bandeuicl t MHz
Tolal aveila b) Ch annel 1M6u 2o Channel
For N ( ,
Tok Voice channels availa bl<
I4 S han nels

Toha Conbo Chamn els available =

Per ell
5Chan nels

ForN-t
To tal Yoice Channel5 available S80 32.35 hannels
Per

Total Conbo channels availabe =

20 2.8S channe s
4 Cel assiqned with 82 Voice Channel amd 3 co)ho) channel
3 (ell assiqned to 3 Voice &2
Con hol Channels
TotalYoiLe Channeayailable po cell S80 4
2 ChannelS
To Fal Cono chanmel5 availa ble pr cey = O - |-ó6
-EhaANEL
cells assiqn ed Hh 48 voic 2 combasl channd5.
4(els assi qne d with 44 voj (L cbnl channel.

4 Eyplain followinq kchniqse ofImpov

ing nd Capaci
o (ellula47 Nehwo7
Cui th
( a ) ce 6plthng diaqaamn
(ells 1n e ds of high u6age
-

Can be split into Smallesr

Cels. FYis
incveases Capacihu by incaeasinq no, of buse Stahisns
Cell splihng iss q cheived thodugqhi
 & Research/ Polytechnic, Nashik
-
3
o K. K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Edu.

a) slbdiviclinq tin anlenaq a (vngested (eu in lu Smd lier ce

6) Reduuciom in anlennd helqht cnd hans miHe powen

-cel spli ting simply seales geomey OfclStez adius

f each netu mic9oce is 2 hal of 1inal ceut.

macw ce

fFa Cel spliinq

(b) (eli Sew1n,

IH i5 qnother mehod toImcYegse Capaiy it keeps
adius5 of Cel Con Shant decrtases Co Ch annel euse
ratio DIR to educe Clusk size N.

14 15 method F decgeGsin d CO
channe n kafe ence
enhqmang skm_performamce by usinq a dinechonal
antenma.
-
612 e of clusk is pah cular Sea vice aned Cn be

2educed because ce Secting inc e Qse S

120 Sectming 66 5ecor1nq.

(C Mico ce 20ne CUm Cep

wi th
poblem_ qssocickd Secoinq echnique to he
 Research / Polytechnic, Nashik
Engineering Edu. & 3
-

K . K. Wagh institute of

incea5e in o . of handof Fs thi6 ptt qddiliondI lodd on

on

SuItehinq con bol linK Clement of 0obile sysk m.

ell Cone ept fu (eu euse.

Here qu 3 Ox m0 zone Sile 7Cpreseak d qS T lR, ae

to
fo hem Selves each Cel ConsiSt base
Conmeckd am onq
tahmand mulhple 20ne
I bcaliz ecd manne this zeduce
Buse Siahom udiaks power
Channel are cdlisbibukd In Hme Spare by
inkfe?en ce
Ss
al z one and ae educecd n(n CO-ChannelCeis5 HhiS
useful 'n busy Uabamn aneq alonq hiqhway

Zone Base
setecto f t5kror
/T% Rx
Tle
Zont Zone2

3iYen pahh 0ss

05S exponent (a) n: 4 n=>, Find p ca
3es e factur a d cluska S12e lha should be dsed to maxm

Capaits 51e of IS d i min i mum

equyecl fo sttisF Cfiy
Sskm There
fonudad channe)peformdn ce of et|ula Sskm. There 4
Co nannd Cels n t there He» then re at Same
 & Research/ Polytechnic, Nashik -3
K . K. Wagh institute of Engineering Edu.

esi d es a 7eu ettse palttm

c h o Ce)) D - art

3x 1

S qu noise I n kerkrene dh 0

=(Dla)n
n
(4.5fo)3
o

16.0G

1ofo 16.04 )= 12.o dB

Sinu this is_lesi han m S/1

us ne cd to use ong N

using
s i n N= i 4 iJ i 2 ex_pss si bleValue of N is

N: 24 (2x2) 4 22

N 12
Conegpun di nq C chanmel aio 15
qiven b
Dle 3N as
uging eq
N: 2 + j tj2
ah o

C6) 3 IS.S d3

Sina his s
qaechh han min e q l u r ed
N-12 is d
 K . K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Edu. & Research/ Polytechnic, Nashik -
3

Su Explarn
a) Sof hand offE

Sof 4 hand oYes 0 soft han ofE 2efczS fu _arame used by co14
S anda» d u h e e a cen_ phone 15 Smu lBane ouelu, s

ConmecHd more
cets 0 al Setm dui ng Celu,

sech»
sechr m m Physica Cau Si e (S_3efened

as hamd oft

RNC

no de B2
X
Usr2
Ustr 3
USea 1

(b) Had Handorf

nehur
-4 is Hand op kchnique used uuth cellula
hat eqwves he userS Connechun tu be entirely oken
ealle c
l dn exi5Hnq base Sha hon hena 1 is als
as b edk be Fov e mace.
14 pooe inq by nl provicding
6 (5 cheape a s it 7eq uives Only one chame

user
 Nashik 3
Research / Polytechnic,
K. K. Wagh Insti:ute of Engineering Edu. &
S

CC) MAHO
used n
5/1
445iskd hand of f is tpnress
A moble Cellular
Cellla N/w Uhere a mo dhl e
_ph on e as51 5} 0 hel
base 5ta hon
cell fo anothev base Sta tion
base
a s Sla hon ko bans fer 4

mobile tele. to bansfe mob!le phone

If15 a tch us ed in
adio ChamNel cwih 5honqyS)qnal Strenq

tmpred_channel qualiy
Can SCam rere w
MAH0 ohen moblle_ph

mon ur n éqahy 9adio chanmel, Targc

215-
eq
T60 15T52 Tsa TS4 TssTS%TS+
Sevi ng
Tarqet
815-A

G 71 fist L ex plain Fachurs nHusinq Smal sco

fooli ng1
Mu 14p am Popogatom
ScattS In channe{
Yes ne
o} eflechnq obje cks and
(onsham y Changtn19- envltm ent
m
(3eate6
diff. muliPa th sle
Randon0 phase amplitu de of
eduu Smdl Schle adinq4 amd distoh0).
Sp ee domobile ecere
-keldhve mohun b e t u ansmi1c dmd aecever esceks In

andom eq mocdulahun due to dteren Poppler 5hifts

on each of he multi path slqsS.

 K . K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Edu. & Research/Polytechnic, Nashik-3

agmi3s)o Band ordth

Dependingq on elahon bchur al
slq bandwrdm Coh rentl
G channel S1ts hey disBo»kd Oa fd ded.

S 9o cak then Coneenu BWCr4aks

is to Hom

u 4 Discuss Cetl t p s of Small Scale fad

adding
Time Yaiai on
Tme df eedved Slq_powe due h Chanq1s
amsm14516Y medi cu m Pahn i5 Cnoum
Fadinq
fading
la2q Scalt Smatl Scale

Path l655 Shadouoi nq mulhp aH DOppl

ztay paed
ftt
+01din9 Setiv fadinq fcading
Fading
ma
s cqt fading Co C e d otth qpi d fluchug hioms oF
eceyed
Oer h o r t dislence
Shot Hme Pe3 od
) Mu 141
path delay pead
Mlipam tadinq pe s
deptnds he pr poquhm
Enviy en m
H a Fadi nq
wirel-ess chamYm-d t5 Sai d to be
Htflodinq f
 -
3
Polytechnic, Nashik
Edu. & Research/
Engineering
instiiute of
oK. K. Wagh

OY
gain lineaph eponse

it has Con s ant

banomi
tk d S itqn
qna
han Bh o
which q pcalr
Sclechve fadinq a acto
it) he Spechal
ompon ens
(ompene
1 4 fects diEF
Gmplihnde.
wi ih diff

(b) Doppler Spread

depen l moblle Spa ead
This

Fast Fadin4 I npulS reS PonS chamqeS

OcCUe d wheN cham-cA
14
6Ymbol
apid
i)S1o w Pedinq hills
sf 5hg do OnqDu buildin q
14t5 esul E
Oter e h
Ohey b i e cks
mOumtal n J

întereren c
channel adhacem+ Chanm el
u 9) xptcuin co
How to edu e i 2 diff
Channd intrferen Ct. .-C1
is C o5stalk fro
Co -
CCs Can be Causecd
channec
d i o . Ty u6 n Same
a tos om eahey
many -

Cundi H ons h ddminishahve desiqT

deSiq_
ay b Conbotled
Valou5 7esoLDCES
by
m anaqe- îment Schemes

AcdjaCend channe inkFe7ence_ A c 1 is ink»ftrerm ceused

by extremog Power om Slq 15 an adacent channel
 Edu. & Hesearch / Polytechnic, Nashik - 3
Institute of Engineering
K . K. Wagh
2

FC91nq
i mprp ea un tn
Causecd byi adequ ae
eq conhol
(USS tlK
AC1 d i ofinquish >om
uhern chqnnel n adia cent Y nea rhu
u9e d n towts.
Syshm1

Syskm
Syskm ys. A
Siqna
u lo What 1s handoff Mecha ni n Explcun Pachcal
hand off Consi dea d hon
- Hand oFf_
e pmess of ansfemn q a mobtl Sahn_ m
one channel base Skation as ha nd off.
PracHCal R cnd
Off consi derqHom
In pra chcal Culula7 Sygkm neuhal prbl em a 5e when
-

atemp Hn to desiqn fa a wide anqe of m oble Vthicl

Mqh Spd Yehcles passes hraough Cou aa qe reqiom 0f c(i wrhih
ma He of 5ec wheyeas
pedeshian us es may he ed neve necd
h andof.nq dumCeu.
tA (dls provide Capa ufy MsC Can be Cóme
bas eband<d if hiqh
5pud usa Can (onstuntly beum paSS eel behw
Vey5mall (els
minimpe hgnd of f
inervehion
Mamdie Simullan e ous ba tfie of
hiqh Spetd k_ lUu
Spd use
Smatl cels
to CqHom
Can be locahed at a

Byusinq diff. 4ntt hna ei q 4

C1Ff pwer S.
 Nashik -
3
Institute of Engineering Edu. & Research / Polytechnic,
K. K. Wagh

Smui rg re
o rsp<ed
trufEC

Lam brell

umbrella elt_Concep

Came feq 9o0 MH2

wayeeng th O.33
Vehi le Speed = 19.44 mlsee
a) vehicle movinq rouOon ds
P 4q S
Joop o oo S89 MH2

5) Yehicde movinq a wauy frm

R feq f fc- f
P 899.993 MH2
 Wagh Institute of Engineering Edu. & Research / Polytechnic, Nashik - 3
K. K.

a nqle of aiveel T sla

C) V thiclt mU Y

Ther
o dopple ehiP4

5 Joo MH2

qmous chanmel qsiqmMent Sha eqi @6

as
gnmen4
-Channe) sS1q Skaat qits 4ae cdassied dynamic
ea in
fx hybm c dependi nq on Syshm pefom an
Ca when mobi( us e is hande2d off frm
manain
Cne Ceu o Ohen

xed Channe) as51 q n m e n t

p se d e t m i n e Se Vol C
each ce 15 46:
uimin cell
eftYt hat 5 done Fo Coal
a no
chd nm anY
Umused chdnnel in hak (eu
Can be Seiced by
CPI Channels aoecd hencat1 S blockec

u becibe docs ho+ get Seviu

dyndmic channel aSiqn mentE

The n o P e m a me n t q l l o c a h y Of channel EY 2

Hme Catt quest 16 done base sBahon eqcues a cham nel

okil Switehinq ene (P1).

115C a1locae channej aFky n q fh cct chqnne is
hot un enky n uGt n cel0
-
Tis duege pobabli by o f the buning
blocki n q incae as e
Capauty Yskm.
 Nashik 3
Engineering Edu. & Research / Polytechnic,
-

K . K. Wagh institute of

C baid ChanmclAssiqnmenB
oj fix e d cqnd n ic ChanN e alloaftom
1 Combinativm
dto eu S on
lon c m
c
dnamic
kasis
Chanc Is aqsed.
Channel ls base d 6n (ra fic
RaHO o no. ofhx dn amic
ralue
Condific da d mgy day qctod ng to cghmat cl
tnsham }qne ouS loa d dsm buh n .

u 4 Classify and explau e d channels dsed in mobile Cemm

Comm"' Chanmel

ChaneSbtstd-eN ¬hétmet btstd

uided _popoqain q popoqah m

wis eles St etli mobile

Tephone Co ani d Ophc
Cable broadea s} Ch amme
Chanm4 Ch a n c l
chantH
a) chammu basecd on quideed Popaah
_propqahiom
m
) T4ephone Chann el
-Des1qned For p**vidi nq Servm ce fo voicu
roi c s l
slq
used fo wwald wi de tnkmet onnetiom ,
) Co
-axi ql hanne
CnsiSt o Con
Conduhr sepesctkel by dieletic
diele ttaic
a krial hese 7e Usec

noj se
mmumi y,
-Suu abl o P multiple pp1
 h K . K. Wagh Institute of Engineering Edu. & Research / Polytechnic, Nashik - 3

cable
ii) Opical fih
GCnsis inney gla 6 o st unded by qass
cla ddinq tuhich has looe a
ef achivie Inde
dtgital sl h form 6 inlensi
oknsiy
Sl cich i6 happe d n
modtleuk d f i q n lass care

(bchannel bes ed on heq popugahun

1)Coieless boudcast channel
used f T Of acie X Tvslgintu siqhieh

ep sent SpelCh musiC ct mo dulak Cerit e q

i Mo bil4 adio Chann el

In this, Sender &P bofh ctoe dhaecbed allow ecl h
wi th Sp e v cach ofhi
I mu lh pzH where Tx en evgy e ches Rx VicL
Comm
mu li
pl4 pahs
(Cii) a l i k Channel
S an tik m! cuwavt die
uSkM qnsmit S b/u thma
Prbolic amtenm4s.
Se lo
g1gabyksfeq lineof Stq hL Commn cbi
Cornrn rbi (60 o oLb ove
 K . K. Wagh Instiute of Engineering Edu. &Research/Poiytechnic, Nasthik - 3

uIs) ompce FDMAn DMA CDMA

Parattro FDM A TD11 A DMA

MtHh bd Ovey al Bh is me shai Shdi nc f

oq O
& Hme
shatd Sqelli e baspunder B
man 5uhon qk e place boh feak plau

No Nof c essau
Sumchronizahs necesSdr ne

a d hme Grua el hand blw Gad tme blw Gua d banc 2

bandS adjacenk Chann adjaceni hme Slo ime bom 9

e necess ay re n t i cssdru ne cesS a

Handovey Hard Sop+ Soft

Hamd oY ev Handover Hand ove

he4 eu5e 0 . 0 MM2 1,0-04 MM2 1-22 M

Channed B

CUsabu chum St S

Culs

Voie Channe S4xI S S7x 22 SX 32

Cus