Name: Zain Naseem

Roll no: CE417653

Code:9351
Course: Geography of Pakistan
Part-I (9351)
Semester: Spring, 2021
Level: B.S. (4 Years)
Question:

Describe the deserts of Pakistan and explain the difficulties faced by the people who live in
the desert areas

Answer:

Home to many breathtaking mountain ranges, hidden tourist gems, incredible hill stations and

some of the world’s most fascinating heritage sites, Pakistan is an amazing country for
tourism in every aspect. Owing to its immense natural beauty, the country has also recently
been accredited as the world’s top tourist destination for 2020. The uniqueness of Pakistan’s
topography is also backed by the fact that around 10% of its total land has been covered with
different types of barren lands, commonly known as deserts. Found in different regions across
the country, the deserts of Pakistan are best-known for their unique features, which also
differentiates them from each other. In this blog, we are going to explore some interesting
facts about these extremely vast and mysterious barren lands of Pakistan.

Here we go!

MOST POPULAR DESERTS OF PAKISTAN

vQuick Facts About Deserts of Pakistan

Let’s begin by listing down the names of some of the most famous deserts of Pakistan:

 Thar Desert

 Cholistan Desert

 Thal Desert

 Kharan Desert

THAR DESERT

Thar is one of the largest deserts of Pakistan

Straddling the border between India and Pakistan, Thar Desert, which is also known as the
Great Indian Desert, is one of the largest deserts on earth. It’s a vast, arid region of rolling
sandhills, which covers a quarter of a million square kilometres of the subcontinent. The
vastness of the Thar desert is spread over a large part of Indian Punjab and Gujrat, as well as
Sindh in Pakistan. To quote this fact in numbers, around 85% of the desert is in India while
the remaining 15% is in Pakistan.

Another incredible fact about Thar is that despite its harsh natural environments, the desert is
inhabited by around 30 million people, making it one of the most populated, easily accessible
and least inhospitable deserts in the world. Due to these factors, it is often dubbed as the
“Friendly Desert”. Most of the inhabitants of this desert live in rural areas and practice both
Islam and Hinduism. This brings cultural diversity to the region and people here celebrate
many colourful festivals around the year. A large chunk of the population of Thar is based on
nomads, who have their livelihood based on agriculture and are mostly engaged in animal
husbandry.

Thar is also home to some of the most amazing wildlife species in Pakistan, which have
learned to survive the heat and dryness of the desert. Some of the rarest animals, as well as
regional and migratory birds, can be spotted grazing on the thorny bushes and wandering
around in the vastness of this desert, including Blackbuck, Chinkara, Bishnois, red fox
peacock, peafowl, eagles, harriers, falcons, buzzards, kestrel and vultures, to name a few.

CHOLISTAN DESERT

Around 10% of Pakistan’s total landmass is covered in desert

The Cholistan Desert, which is locally known as Rohi, is one of the most famous and largest
deserts of Pakistan. It’s located in the peripheries of Bahawalpur, which is one of Punjab’s
most famous cities. This 16,000 square kilometres barren tract of land is largely inhabited by
semi-nomadic people, who constantly keep moving from one place to another in search of
food, shelter from the harsh climate conditions and fodder for the livestock.
Cholistan is largely known for some of its very famous locally produced items including
cotton and wool products, beautiful handwoven blankets and rugs, and different types of
jewellery items made from gold and silver. Engaged in the production of a variety of
handcrafted items including the very famous Cholistani Khussas, the cottage industry in the
Cholistan Desert serves as the economic engine of the region. Apart from the rural
settlements, the majority of nomads earn their livelihood from livestock as they breed animals
to be sold, milked and shorn for their wool.

Located in the southern part of Punjab, Cholistan is home to some of the most
amazing wildlife species in Pakistan. The names of some unique animals and birds that need
to be highlighted here include Desert wolf(rare), Red fox, Jackal, Indian mongoose, Forest
cat, Caracal cat, Chinkara gazelle, Nilgai antelope, Black vulture, Blackbuck, Saker falcon,
Peregrine falcon, cobra, Saw viper and Russell’s viper. Houbara bustard, which is a migratory
bird, visits the region during winters. Recognised as an extremely rare bird species, it’s one of
the greatest highlights of wildlife in Cholistan.

The presence of Derawar fort, which is a historical structure standing with all its magnificence
to date, hints towards the historical significance of the Cholistan desert. With a perfectly
symmetrical architecture, the fort is a centuries-old structure located 130 kilometres south of
the city of Bahawalpur in southern Punjab. In stark contrast to its arid desert landscape, the
desert is home Dodhla Forest, one of Pakistan’s most well-protected rainforest. With lush
green vegetation of some of the rarest plant species of the country, this oasis of Cholistan
Desert is one of its most unique features.

THAL DESERT

Subtropical deserts usually feature wild, bushy vegetation

Located in the Jhang district of western Punjab lies another very famous desert of Pakistan
known as Thal. Running 305 kilometres in length from north to south, the desert boasts some
incredibly distinct natural features. For instance, it offers some of the most amazing views of
sand dunes, the beauty of which is amplified by a flawless canopy of blue sky in the
background. Wind Cyclones are also a common occurrence in the desert

Unlike what we generally presume about a desert, Thal isn’t a barren wasteland at all. In fact,
it gets covered with lush green vegetation during February and March as the local farmers use
the desert land for the cultivation of hara choliyan  (green chickpeas). However, as the season
of harvest gets over, the roots of the crops die off, returning the desert to its actual state of
naked emptiness.

One of the noteworthy highlights of this desert region in Punjab is the Greater Thal Canal.
This canal is a multimillion-rupee project, which was inaugurated over a decade ago for the
effective distribution of water for agricultural use in the nearby rural areas of the region.
Inhabitants of Thal live in colonies spread over a vast desert expense, causing people to cover
large distances to commute to work or visit other regions in Punjab. 

KHARAN DESERT

Deserts of Pakistan are largely inhabited by Nomads

Kharan Desert, which is counted among the most famous and largest deserts of Pakistan, lies
amid the vast swathes of the barrenness of Balochistan. The desert is widely known for its
extremely arid climatic conditions. Due to this fact, a large part of the Kharan Desert is
inhabited as it covers an area of 20,000 square kilometres and has a population of just 0.23
million, making one of the least populated deserts on earth.

Around 3000 metres of mountainous plateaus cover the north, east and west of the desert,
which extends all the way into the Iranian territory. Since a large part of the desert is covered
in a vast isolated plain, it was used as Pakistan’s second nuclear testing facility in the year
1988. 
This brings us to the end of our overview of some of the most famous deserts of Pakistan. We
hope you have enjoyed reading this blog. If you have any questions or suggestions related to
any of our tourism pieces, email us at blog@zameen.com. Your valuable feedback means a lot
to us and helps us to come up with even better and more informative pieces.

Since the holiday season is knocking at your door, here are some ideas for you to spend a
memorable winter vacation with your family.  Similarly, taking a trip to one of these winter
destinations in Pakistan to enjoy the snowy season with your dear one is another good idea to
productively spend the upcoming winter break.

Question:

Discuss the scope of Kirthar mountain ranges and Suleman mountain ranges

Answer:

Kirthar Mountains
The Kirthar Mountains (Urdu: ‫;كوه کھیرتھر‬ Sindhi: ‫ )کير ٿر جبل‬are a mountain range that mark
the boundary between the Pakistani provinces of Balochistan and Sindh,[1] and which comprise
much of the Kirthar National Park. The mountain range forms part of the Kirthar-
Sulaiman geologic province,[2] which stretches from the Arabian Sea coast north to the Sulaiman
Mountains in northwest Pakistan. The highest peak of the mountains is Zardak Peak at 7,430 ft
(2,260 m).[3]

The mountains extend southward for about 190 mi (310 km) from the Mula River in east-central
Balochistan to Cape Monze on the Arabian Sea. In total, the Kirthars cover an area of about
9,000 square kilometers.[1] The Khasa Hills and Mulri Hills close to the Arabian Sea coast are
sub-ranges of the Kirthar Mountains which extend into the city limits of Karachi. The mountains
are drained by the Gaj River and Hub River.
Mountain peaks
The highest peak of the mountains is Zardak Peak at 7,430 ft (2,260 m).[3] The second tallest,
Barugh Hill, has a height that was reported in April 2009 as 7,056 ft (2,151 m),[4] although the
British Army Corps of Engineers l surveyed it as 7,122 ft (2,171 m). Barugh Hill is the highest
mountain in the Sindh portion of the Kirthars.[4] Barugh, means "big fat mountain" in the Brahui
language, the language of the Sasoli tribe, who still live in the area. Barugh Hill is situated a few
miles north-west of the Gorakh Hill Station, which is situated at an elevation of 5,688 ft
(1,734 m).
The next highest peak is the 6,880-foot-tall (2,100 m) mountain Kutte-Ji-Kabar (Sindhi for
"Dog's Grave"), also known as Kuchak-na-Kabar in Brahui.[5][6] The mountain is located in a
region claimed by the provincial governments of Sindh and Balochistan.[7] As recorded in Folk
Tales of Scinde and Guzerat (circa 1855),[5] the mountain is named for a story in which a Brahui
man is forced to leave his dog as collateral to a wealthy Hindu merchant in order to settle his
debts.[8] According to the tale, the dog chased after thieves who had stolen from the merchant,
leading the merchant to free him and return to his master. The Brahui man thought the dog
escaped and so was angry with the dog for his disobedience. The rejected dog died, and when the
Brahui man came to learn of the true story, he felt remorseful and climbed to the top of the
mountain in order to bury his dog.[9]
Other peaks include the Andraj Mountain at 6,496 ft (1,980 m).[10] There are also a number of
other peaks of the Kirthar Mountains exceeding 5,500 ft (1,700 m), which all receive occasional
snowfall during the winter season. To the south the mountains decrease in size towards Bedor
Hill, with a height of 3,320 ft (1,010 m).
Passes
There are several passes in the range which are passable, but the only ones often used are the
Gaji Lak Pass on the road from Zidi and Khuzdar to Jhalawan.

Geology
The Kirthars consist of a series of parallel rock hill ridges oriented mostly north–south,[1] with
piedmont and piedmont-alluvial plains located between ridges, with dry riverbeds.[1] The ridges
rise rapidly over short distances between valleys and ridges.[1] From the Arabian Sea coast, they
rise to nearly 8,000 ft (2,400 m) in the north.[11]
The Kirthars are part of the Kirthar-Sulaiman geologic province,[2] which stretches from the
Arabian Sea coast north to northwestern Pakistan along the western boundary of the Indus
Valley. The upper portions of the mountains are largely limestone, while the middle and southern
portions of the mountain are shale which date to the middle Eocene era.[12]

Settlement
Within the Kirthar Mountains are 21 prehistoric sites.[1] The 16th-18th century Taung Tombs are
also located in the range. There are 71 tombs which situated in the area of the Chhuttas tribe. The
inhabitants of the Kirthar Mountains are chiefly Chhutto people of Bhootani tribe, and
various Sindhi and Balochi tribes who subsist by flock grazing.[13] Major Baloch tribes living in
the Kirthars are Chhutta, Burfat, Gabol, Marri, Bozdar, Lund, Nohani, Bugti, Chandio,
and Lashari.

Question:
Keeping in view the water issue in country; describe the importance of barrage and discuss their scope
in water management

Answer:

Importance of Water Quality and Testing

The United States has one of the safest water supplies in the world. Over 90 percent of
Americans get their tap water from community water systems, which are subject to safe drinking
water standards.

Drinking water quality varies from place to place, depending on the condition of the source water
from which it is drawn and the treatment it receives, but it must meet U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) regulations. Community water systems follow the rules set forth by
the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA).external icon Many states enforce their own drinking
water standards that are at least as protective as EPA’s national standards. The SDWA rules
include guidelines for drinking water quality, water testing schedules, and water testing methods.

Even though U.S. tap water supplies are considered to be among the safest in the world, water
contamination can still occur. There are many possible sources of contamination, including:

 Sewage releases
 Naturally occurring chemicals and minerals (for example, arsenic, radon, uranium)
 Local land use practices (for example, fertilizers, pesticides, livestock, concentrated feeding
operations)
 Manufacturing processes (for example, heavy metals, cyanide)
 Malfunctioning on-site wastewater treatment systems (for example, septic systems)

In addition, drinking water that is not properly treated or that travels through an improperly
maintained distribution system (pipes) may also create conditions that increase risk of
contamination.

Private wells, which are not regulated by the EPA, supply drinking water to over 15 million
homes. Well owners are responsible for keeping their water clean and safe. Visit CDC’s Private
Wells page for more information on water quality of private ground water wells.
When water system officials find an issue with the drinking water supply (for example, that it
has become contaminated), a water advisory may be issued to help protect the public’s health.

The presence of certain contaminants in our water can lead to health issues, including
gastrointestinal illness, reproductive problems, and neurological disorders. Infants, young
children, pregnant women, the elderly, and people with weakened immune systems may be
especially at risk for illness.

Water Testing

The EPA sets standards and regulations for the presence and levels of over 90 contaminants in
public drinking water, including E.coli, Salmonella, Cryptosporidium, metals such as lead, and
disinfection byproducts. Learn more about these germs in the Diseases and Contaminants page.

Consumer Confidence Reports

Every community water supplier must provide an annual report, sometimes called a Consumer
Confidence Report, or “CCR,” to its customers. The report provides information on local
drinking water quality, including the water’s source, contaminants found in the water, and how
consumers can get involved in protecting drinking water.

homeDrinking Water Home

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Question:

What are the factors that affect climate of Pakistan

Answer:

Climate of Pakistan
Pakistan's climate is a continental type of climate, characterized by extreme variations in
temperature, both seasonally and daily, because it is located on a great landmass north of
the Tropic of Cancer (between latitudes 25° and 36° N).
Very high altitudes modify the climate in the cold, snow-covered northern mountains;
temperatures on the Balochistan plateau are somewhat higher. Along the coastal strip, the
climate is modified by sea breeze. In the rest of the country, temperatures reach great heights in
the summer; the mean temperature during June is 38 °C (100 °F) in the plains, the highest
temperatures can exceed 47 °C (117 °F). During summer, hot winds called Loo blow across the
plains during the day. Trees shed their leaves to avoid loss of moisture. Pakistan recorded one of
the highest temperatures in the world, 53.7 °C (128.66 °F) on 28 May 2017, the hottest
temperature ever recorded in Pakistan and also the second hottest measured temperature ever
recorded in Asia.[1]
The dry, hot weather is broken occasionally by dust storms and thunderstorms that temporarily
lower the temperature. Evenings are cool; the daily variation in temperature may be as much as
11 °C to 17 °C. Winters are cold, with minimum mean temperatures in Punjab of about 4 °C
(39 °F) in January, and sub-zero temperatures in the far north and Balochistan.

The monsoon and the Western Disturbance are the two main factors which alter the weather over
Pakistan; Continental air prevails for rest of the year. Following are the main factors that
influence the weather over Pakistan.

 Western Disturbances mostly occur during the winter months and cause light to
moderate showers in southern parts of the country while moderate to heavy showers
with heavy snowfall in the northern parts of the country. These westerly waves are
robbed of most of the moisture by the time they reach Pakistan.
 Fog occurs during the winter season and remains for weeks in upper Sindh,
central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab.
 Southwest Monsoon occurs in summer from the month of June till September in
almost whole Pakistan excluding western Balochistan, FATA, Chitral and Gilgit–
Baltistan. Monsoon rains bring much awaited relief from the scorching summer heat.
These monsoon rains are quite heavy by nature and can cause significant flooding,
even severe flooding if they interact with westerly waves in the upper parts of the
country.
 Tropical Storms usually form during the summer months from late April till June
and then from late September till November. They affect the coastal localities of the
country.
 Dust storms occur during summer months with peak in May and June, They are
locally known as Andhi. These dust storms are quite violent. Dust storms during the
early summer indicate the arrival of the monsoons while dust storms in the autumn
indicate the arrival of winter.
 Heat waves occur during May and June, especially in southern Punjab,
central Balochistan and Sindh.
 Thunderstorms most commonly occur in northern Punjab, Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa and Azad Kashmir.
 Continental air prevails during the period when there is no precipitation in the
country.
Pakistan has four seasons: a cool, dry winter from December through February; a hot, dry spring
from March through May; the summer rainy season, or southwest monsoon period, from June
through September; and the retreating monsoon period of October and November. The onset and
duration of these seasons vary somewhat according to location.
The climate in the capital city of Islamabad varies from an average daily low of 2 °C in January
to an average daily high of 38 °C in June. Half of the annual rainfall occurs in July and August,
averaging about 255 millimeters in each of those two months. The remainder of the year has
significantly less rain, amounting to about fifty millimeters per month. Hailstorms are common
in the spring.
Pakistan's largest city, Karachi, which is also the country's industrial center, is more humid than
Islamabad but gets less rain. Only July and August average more than twenty-five millimeters of
rain in the Karachi area; the remaining months are exceedingly dry. The temperature is also more
uniform in Karachi than in Islamabad, ranging from an average daily low of 13 °C during winter
evenings to an average daily high of 34 °C on summer days. Although the summer temperatures
do not get as high as those in Punjab, the high humidity causes the residents a great deal of
discomfort. In Islamabad, there are cold winds from the north of Pakistan.[2]

Extreme weather events[edit]

Highest temperature and rainfall ever recorded
Main article: List of extreme weather records in Pakistan
The weather extremes in Pakistan include high and low temperatures, heavy rainfall and
flooding. The highest temperature ever recorded in Pakistan is 53.7 °C (128.66 °F),
in Turbat, Balochistan on 28 May 2017. It was not only the hottest temperature ever recorded in
Pakistan but also the second verified hottest temperature ever recorded in Asia[1] and the fourth
highest temperature ever recorded on earth. The highest rainfall of 620 millimetres (24 in) was
recorded in Islamabad during 24 hours on 24 July 2001. The record-breaking rain fell in just 10
hours. It was the heaviest rainfall in Islamabad in the previous 100 years.
Tropical cyclones and tornadoes
Main article: Tropical cyclones and tornadoes in Pakistan
Each year before the onset of monsoon that is 15 April to 15 July and also after its withdrawal
that is 15 September to 15 December, there is always a distinct possibility of the cyclonic storm
to develop in the north Arabian Sea. Cyclones form in the Arabian sea often results in strong
winds and heavy rainfall in Pakistan's coastal areas. However tornadoes mostly occur during
spring season that is March and April usually when a Western Disturbance starts effecting the
northern parts of the country. It is also speculated that cycles of tornado years may be correlated
to the periods of reduced tropical cyclone activity.
Drought[edit]
Main article: Drought in Pakistan
The drought has become a frequent phenomenon in the country. Already, the massive droughts
of 1998-2002 has stretched the coping abilities of the existing systems to the limit and it has
barely been able to check the situation from becoming a catastrophe. The drought of 1998-2002
is considered the worst drought in 50 years. According to the Economic Survey of Pakistan, the
drought was one of the most significant factors responsible for the less than anticipated growth
performance. The survey terms it as the worst drought in the history of the country. According to
the government, 40 percent of the country's water needs went unmet.[3][4]
Floods
Main articles: Monsoon of South Asia and List of floods in Pakistan
Pakistan has seen many floods, the worst and most destructive is the recent 2010 Pakistan floods,
other floods which caused destruction in the history of Pakistan, include the flood of 1950, which
killed 2910 people; on 1 July 1977 heavy rains and flooding in Karachi, killed 248 people,
according to Pakistan meteorological department 207 millimetres (8.1 in) of rain fell in 24 hours.
  In 1992 flooding during Monsoon season killed 1,834 people across the country, in 1993
[5]

flooding during Monsoon rains killed 3,084 people, in 2003 Sindh province was badly affected
due to monsoon rains causing damages in billions, killed 178 people, while in 2007 Cyclone
Yemyin submerged lower part of Balochistan Province in sea water killing 380 people. Before
that it killed 213 people in Karachi on its way to Balochistan.
2010 Floods
Main article: 2010 Pakistan floods
2010 July floods swept 20% of Pakistan's land, the flood is the result of unprecedented Monsoon
rains which lasted from 28 July to 31 July 2010. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and North eastern
Punjab were badly affected during the monsoon rains when dams, rivers and lakes overflowed.
By mid-August, according to the governmental Federal Flood Commission (FFC), the floods had
caused the deaths of at least 1,540 people, while 2,088 people had received injuries, 557,226
houses had been destroyed, and over 6 million people had been displaced.[6] One month later, the
data had been updated to reveal 1,781 deaths, 2,966 people with injuries, and more than 1.89
million homes destroyed.[7] The flood affected more than 20 million people exceeding the
combined total of individuals affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the 2005 Kashmir
earthquake and the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[8][9] The flood is considered as worst in Pakistan's
history affecting people of all four provinces and Gilgit–Baltistan and Azad Kashmir region of
Pakistan.[10]
2011 Sindh floods
Main article: 2011 Sindh floods
The 2011 Sindh floods began during the monsoon season in mid-August 2011, resulting from
heavy monsoon rains in Sindh, Eastern Balochistan, and Southern Punjab.[11] The floods have
caused considerable damage; an estimated 270 civilians have been killed, with 5.3 million people
and 1.2 million homes affected.[12] Sindh is a fertile region and often called the "breadbasket" of
the country; the damage and toll of the floods on the local agrarian economy is said to be
extensive. At least 1.7 million acres of arable land has been inundated as a result of the flooding.
[12]
 The flooding has been described as the worst since the 2010 Pakistan floods, which
devastated the entire country.[12] Unprecedented torrential monsoon rains caused severe flooding
in 16 districts of Sindh province.[13]
Extreme temperatures
hideClimate data for Pakistan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
35.9 39.1 45.5 50.2 53.5 52.8 52.2 48.9
Record high °C (°F)
(96.6) (102.4) (113.9) (122.4) (128.3) (127.0) (126.0) (120.0) (
−25.1 −34.0 −13.5 −3.9 −0.3 4.0 7.5 3.3
Record low °C (°F)
(−13.2) (−29.2) (7.7) (25.0) (31.5) (39.2) (45.5) (37.9)
[citation needed]

Climate change
This section is an excerpt from Climate change in Pakistan[edit]
2010 Pakistan floods which are likely to be caused or worsened by climate change.
Climate change in Pakistan is expected to cause wide-ranging effects on the environment and
people in Pakistan. As a result of ongoing climate change, the climate of Pakistan has become
increasingly volatile over the past several decades; this trend is expected to continue into the
future. In addition to increased heat, drought and extreme weather conditions in some parts of the
country, the melting of glaciers in the Himalayas threatens many of the most important rivers of
Pakistan. Between 1999 and 2018, Pakistan was ranked the 5th worst affected country in terms
of extreme climate caused by climate change.
Pakistan contributes little to global greenhouse gas (GhG) emissions, yet it is very vulnerable to
the effects of climate change. Pakistan's lower technical and financial capacity to adapt to the
adverse impacts of climate change worsen its vulnerability.[15] Food and water security, as well as
large displacement of populations are major threats faced by the country.[16] Pakistan's
agriculture-dependent economy is especially susceptible to increasing irregularity and
uncertainty over climatic conditions. Like many other South Asian nations, Pakistan is faced by
high risk due to climate change effects.[17]
General future projections for Pakistan are expected to be: Pakistan’s projected temperature
increase is expected to be higher than the global average; the frequency of hot days and hot
nights is expected to increase significantly; major crop yields such as of wheat and rice are
expected to decrease significantly; water availability per capita is projected to decrease to an
alarming leve
Question:

Define the term climate and elaborate the various climatic elements of Pakistan

Answer:

Even tropical type of climate prevails in Pakistan it still differs a lot at the same period. Weather
also is very far to be the same for the whole territory of the country: it is always cold snowy
winter in highlands, there is a monsoon-tropical climate in plains but on the North, in
mountainous area it’s more humid and cold.

Summer period is the best time to visit Cashmere area. Indian monsoon have no influence on this
territory so it is always soft and warm weather here. Days are comfortable for travelling and
nights are still warm enough. But from July to September, the rainy season begins, more than
200 mm (7.8 ") rain falls.

Seasons

Contents:
 Spring
 Summer
  Autumn
 Winter
Spring in Pakistan

Warm and soft spring usually comes with the first days of March, but in mountainous area it
comes later - in May. Never the less soft spring lasts not long at all and cedes its own time to
summer hot period too fast. Duration of light full days increase so it’s warmer and warmer day
by day. Generally in March it’s nearly +20 °C (68 °F), in the middle of April temperature already
is nearly +30 °C (86 °F) Heavy lack of precipitation is observed during whole this period.

Climate of the Spring Months

April
Max average t°: +29 °C (85 °F)
Min average t°: +15 °C (59 °F)
Precipitation: 50 mm (2.0")
May
Max average t°: +35 °C (95 °F)
Min average t°: +19.5 °C (67 °F)
Precipitation: 38 mm (1.5")
(Islamabad)
Summer in Pakistan
It is the warmest and also the longest season, which approaches the plains areas usually with the
beginning of May and stays here generally until middle of July. Temperature stays very high all
this period, it is hot enough even at nights. At coastal areas usually it is nearly +29 °C (85 °F), in
dessert regions they it is even higher +35 °C (95 °F).
Indian monsoon, which usually comes from the south with the beginning of July or sometimes
August and passes through nearly the whole country, reduces temperatures level. So now
summer gets softer every day. Sea winds bring high humidity and stuffiness.

And finally in the end of June with the first rains summer gives up and soft warms days are there
for enjoying. These rains, as a rule, are short-lived, very strong, are often accompanied by
thunderstorms. From mid-summer to early autumn in Pakistan, the season of torrential rains.

Climate of the Summer Months

July
Max average t°: +36 °C (98 °F)
Min average t°: +24.5 °C (86 °F)
Precipitation: 222 mm (8.7")
 August
Max average t°: +34 °C (93 °F)
Min average t°: +23 °C (83 °F)
Precipitation: 227 mm (8.9")
(Islamabad)
Autumn in Pakistan

Fall comes in early October on the plains, to the mountainous areas even sooner – in the
beginning of September. There is no other type of weather, but only cold winter one in the
highlands. Fall is very soft and nice period and is the best time to see country all around.
Temperature increases day by day and in October it’s usually about +27 °C (81 °F), in November
+20 °C (68 °F). 

Climate of the Autumn Months

October
Max average t°: +30.5 °C (87 °F)
Min average t°: +14 °C (58 °F)
Precipitation: 24 mm (0.9")
November
Max average t°: +26 °C (76 °F)
Min average t°: +8 °C (46 °F)
Precipitation: 17 mm (0.7")
(Islamabad)
Winter in Pakistan

Winter with snow never approaches plains. It is never too cold here. Although there is no snow
and heavy cold winds it is quite cool here. Heavy but short-time rains are common occurrence
for Pakistani winter. Never the less, dessert areas are exception, temperature never increase to
low even at night time.

Climate of the Winter Months

January
Max average t°: +17 °C (62 °F)
Min average t°: +3 °C (37 °F)
Precipitation: 61 mm (2.4")
February
Max average t°: +19 °C (67 °F)
Min average t°: +5 °C (42 °F)
 Precipitation: 61 mm (2.4")
(Islamabad)