HAZARD AND DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
SUBMITTED TO : ENGR. USMAN RASHID
COMPONENTS OF MITIGATION PLANS
Sr. # Group Members Registration #
1 Rana Sanaullah 21-CE-86
2 Adeel Ahmad 21-CE-114
3 Muhammad Salman 21-CE-126
4 Yousaf Khan 21-CE-134
5 Bilal Haider 21-CE-206
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1 . Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………3
1.1 : Reason for Developing mitigation Plan ………………………………………………….3
1.2 : Preparation of Matigation Plan ……………………………………………………………...5
1.3 : People Involved ……………………………………………………………………………………..6
2 . Problem Description ………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.1 : Hazard Description ………………………………………………………………………………..6
2.2 : Impact on Property ……………………………………………………………………………….6
2.3 : Impact on human Life ……………………………………………………………………………7
3 . Community Considration …………………………………………………………………………7
3.1 : Economic Development ………………………………………………………………………….7
3.2 : Effect of Climate on Power Outage ……………………………………………………….7
3.3 : Future Needs ……………………………………………………………………………………….7
3.4 : Other Consideration ………………………………………………………………………………8
4 . Risk Reduction Measures …………………………………………………………………………8
4.1 : Description …………………………………………………………………………………………8
4.2 : Objective Supported …………………………………………………………………………..9
4.3 : who is responsible for power outage? …………………………………………………….9
4.4 : Who can help? ………………………………………………………………………………………10
4.5 : Budget …………………………………………………………………………………………………10
5 . Implementation and Evaluation ………………………………………………………………10
6 . Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………………………..……10
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POWER OUTAGE
1 . Introduction:
A power outage (also called a powercut, a power out, a power failure, a power
blackout, a power loss, or a blackout) is the loss of the electrical power network supply to
an end user.There are many causes of power failures in an electricity network. Examples of
these causes include faults at power stations, damage to electric transmission
lines, substations or other parts of the distribution system, a short circuit, cascading
failure, fuse or circuit breaker operation.
1.1 : Reasons for Developing mitigation Plan:
• No Air Conditioning Or Heating
• Lack of Water
• Lost Power to Medical Equipment
• Electronics Damage
• Data Loss
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• No Air Conditioning Or Heating
Beyond losing lights, the biggest issue homeowners face is losing the power of central air
conditioning or heating. Depending on the time of year, this could mean a few things.If the
outage happens in the hot summer months, the home’s internal temperature can rise
quickly. A rapid temperature rise can potentially cause heatstroke and is also dangerous for
any family pets.Outages that happen in the winter months cause temperatures indoors can
drop. This can increase the risk of freezing pipes which can cause them to crack and burst. You’ll
likely be relying on camping stoves, gas ovens, and barbecues for food and warmth. Used too
often, however, this equipment can cause carbon monoxide poisoning.
• Lack of Water
everyone loses water when they lose power, but those who rely on a well pump for their water
may notice the taps go dry once the power is out. For this reason, it’s always important to keep
an emergency supply of bottled water on hand. Relying on an electric water heater will mean
you can’t boil water for cleanliness until the power is back on, so that’s not a solid backup
plan.While this means there’s no clean water to drink, it also means there’s no water for things
like washing hands, showering, or even flushing the toilet.
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• Electronics Damage
Computers, TVs, and appliances can all experience an electrical surge once the power comes
back on, damaging the equipment permanently. To avoid frying the motherboard of your
favorite electronics, unplug all of them from their electricity sources until the power is back
on. Once it’s safe to do so, you can plug them back in one at a time to preserve their
condition.
• Data Loss
When big data centers lose power, they can lose access to silos of critical information to large
enterprises and small businesses alike. Many data centers use cloud computing resources to
reduce the impact, but the frequency of outages is on the rise. The cost of data center
downtime is staggering, causing an average loss upwards of $5,000 per hour.
1.2 : Preparation of Matigation Plan:
We have to parepare the mitigation plan to keep in mind that
• To improve the power distribution system
• Switch off any tools/equipment/appliances that aren't in use. ...
• Turn off lights that aren't in use/necessary. ...
• Whilst you are using an air conditioner, keep the doors shut to any rooms that aren't
being used.
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1.3 : People Involved:
• Adeel Ahmad
• Yousaf Khan
• Bilal Haider
• Muhammad Salman
• Rana Sanaullah
2. Problem Description:
2.1 : Hazard Description:
A power outage (also called a powercut, a power out, a power failure, a power
blackout, a power loss, or a blackout) is the loss of the electrical power network supply to
an end user.There are many causes of power failures in an electricity network. Examples of
these causes include faults at power stations, damage to electric transmission
lines, substations or other parts of the distribution system, a short circuit, cascading
failure, fuse or circuit breaker operation.
2.2 : Impact on Property :
• Revenue Loss:
When a lack of power hinders a business from delivering a product or service,
as usual, that’s a significant loss of revenue that may take a while to recover from, if recovery is
possible. When their regular providers cannot meet their needs, customers may move on to
find a new provider that can. That reduces revenue immediately and can also reduce future
revenue by losing customers for good.
After damage like that, it can take some time to rebuild trust in your customer base, and the
costs for that effort can add up quickly.
• Damaged Equipment or Inventory:
If a grocery store loses power, they have the
potential to lose hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of product. When a manufacturing
plant faces a power outage, electrical equipment can be damaged when the power is turned
back on. If a pharmacy is in the same boat, there’s potential for a significant loss of medication,
which can negatively affect many healthcare costs. Large manufacturing plants typically have
backup generators to help during power cuts, but they can’t rely on them forever.
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Etc.
2.3 : Impact on human Life:
• Lost Power to Medical Equipment:
One of the most essential parts of life for many people is put at risk when the power goes out.
People with disabilities or medical conditions that require equipment like oxygen pumps,
motorized stairlifts, C-PAP machines, and the like can quickly move into a state of emergency
when these tools no longer work. In these cases, it’s best to keep a backup energy supply on
hand like a generator. You should also have contact information for nearby medical facilities
should your generator not work.
3 . Community Considration:
3.1 : Economic Development:
electricity disruptions lead to increases in production costs, and that they negatively impact
scale efficiency of firms. Also, they find that smaller firms adjust better to power outages in
general compared to larger firms.Power supply in developing countries is often characterized
by unreliability and inefficiency, resulting in disruption costs for operating firms. Frequent or
long-lasting power outages are thought to constrain the economic wellbeing of households
and businesses by reducing the output from existing electrical appliances and discouraging
investments in new welfare-improving and income-generating ones
3.2 : Effect of Climate on Power Outage:
The effects of climate change can both increase electricity demand and compromise
electricity supply. And most of the nation's electrical infrastructure wasn't built to function
in our present-day climate. Further warming could impact electricity system performance,
resilience, and capacity to meet demand. Utilities are required to describe the cause when
reporting major power outages. The cause reported by utilities is often based on qualitative
criteria rather than using specific quantitative thresholds (e.g., for severe weather). Climate
Central conducted additional analysis to more accurately assign weather types to reported
outage.
3.3 : Future Needs:
There would be no power to use your fridge or freezer, telephone lines would be down and
phone signal lost. Your mobile phones will be useless as the battery dwindles, with no back
up charging option. Your gas central heating won't work and your water supply would soon
stop pumping clean water.
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3.4 : Other Considration:
It is impossible to imagine the modern world without electricity. We are dependent on an
uninterrupted source of power and when it fails the consequences are devastating. Over the
past decade there have been 50 significant power-outage events occurring in 26 countries,
and the demand for electricity continues to grow stronger with rapid population growth,
compact urban areas and an 'addiction' to electric appliances. In their article "Exergy and the
City: The Technology and Sociology of Power (Failure)," Hugh Byrd and Steve Matthewman
predict that these blackouts are only a dress rehearsal for a future in which they will appear
more frequently and with greater severity.
4 . Risk Reduction Measures:
4.1 : Description:
• Trim your trees
• Reduce Energy Consumption
• Improving management
• Building New Dams
• Making New Power Lines
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• Crack down against stealing Electricity
4.2 : Objective Supported:
• To reduce the risk of loss of life in hospitals
• Be prepared for an emergency
• To reduce the revenue loss
• To reduce the effects of power outages on homes
• To reduce the effect of power outage on small business
4.3 : who is responsible for power outage?
Power outage can be caused by human factors and as Well as natural factors.
Human factors
• lacking electrician workmanship
• Local Electricians
• Local residents
• Etc.
Natural Factors
• Floods
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• Hurricanes
• Earthquake
• Etc.
4.4 : Who can Help?
• Government
• Local residence
• Electrical Department
• Etc.
4.5 : Budget:
May be government give the budget to reduce the power outage
5 . Implementation and Evaluation:
Implementation schedule of mitigation plan is mostly given by power supplies companies.
But according to our recommendation it should be applied after the warning of any hazard
and after a certain period of time it should be checked and keep monitoring regularly and or
after the certain period of time. And the locals are also help on implementation, monitoring
and on evaluation.
6 . Conclusion:
A power outage is no joke. It doesn’t just mean eating dinner by
candlelight and reading a book instead of watching a movie on the TV. For a homeowner, it can
also mean burst pipes, which lead to water damage. It could also ruin perishable food and crash
valuable electronics that aren’t protected.Businesses get hurt, too. They instantly lose
productivity, let their customers down, and create a negative domino effect for other
companies not directly impacted by the outage.If your home or business has suffered fire or
water damage from a recent power outage, the best course of action is to rely on the experts to
get you back to normal as quickly as possible. You can always call the restoration experts at All
Dry USA to get your home or building back in shape after disaster strikes.
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