Classification
of Media and
Information
Sources
Primary Source
Secondary Source
Tertiary Source
Primary Source
Immediate, first-hand
accounts of the topic from
people who had a direct
connection with.
Literary Creations like novels, Email
short stories, and poems
Audio Recording
Secondary Source
Describe, summarize, or
discuss information or details
originally presented in the
primary sources.
Dictionary
Bibliography
Magazine
Tertiary Source
Consist of information that is a
distillation and collection of primary and
secondary sources.
Almanacs
Fact Books
Guide Books
MEDIA AND
INFORMATION
LANGAUAGES
Using inappropriate
media language
might result in
misinterpretation
and
miscommunication
Media and Information
Language
The way in which the meaning
of a media text is conveyed to
the audience.
Media
Media Codes
Conventions
The system of Generally accepted
signs and symbols ways of presenting
in media messages in media
Codes
Systems of signs that when
put together create meaning.
Types of Codes
Symbolic Codes
Technical Codes
Written Codes
Symbolic Codes
Shows what is beneath the
surface of what we see or
iconic symbols that are easily
understood.
Symbolic codes
includes;
Settings
Mise-en-scene
Acting
Color
Setting
Time and place.
Your setting must
always fit your
message.
Mise-en-sene
Description of all objects
within a frame of the
media product and how
they have been
arranged.
Acting
Actors portray characters
in media products and
contribute to character
development, creating
tension, or advancing the
narrative.
Color
Every color elicits
different and unique
emotional response
in the viewer.
Technical Codes
Refer to the ways in which
equipment is used to tell the
story.
Technical codes
includes;
Camera work
Audio/Sound
Lightning
Editing
Camera work
Refers to how the
camera is operated,
positioned and moved
for specific effects.
Camera Angles
Extreme Close Up Shot
A shot of a hand,
eye, mouth, or any
object in details.
Camera Angles
Close Up Shot
A full-screen shot of a
subject’s face showing
the finest nuances of
expression.
Camera Angles
Medium Shot
Shows a subject down
to his/her chest/waist.
Camera Angles
Wide Shot
A view of a
situation or setting
from a distance.
Camera Angles
Eye level Shot
A shot where the
camera is positioned
directly at a character
or characters' eye level.
Camera Angles
Low Angle Shot
Frames the subject from
below their eye line.
Camera Angles
Over the Shoulder Shot
Camera is placed
above the back of
the shoulder and
head of the subject.
Camera Angles
High Angle Shot
Camera points down
at your subject.
Camera Angles
Ground Level Shot
Camera height is
at ground level
with your subject
Camera Angles
Dutch Angle Shot
Camera is landed
to one side with the
horizon lines tilted.
Camera Angles
Over Head Shot
Shot from above
looking down at
the subject.
Camera Angles
Aerial Shot
Weather taken
from helicopter or
drone captured
way up high.
Camera Movements
Static Shot
No camera
movement at all.
Camera Movements
Pan
Directs the camera
horizontally left or right.
When done at really
quick speed, it is known
as the Whip Pan.
Camera Movements
Tilt
Camera tilt are just
like pans but done
vertically
Camera Movements
Push In
Moves camera
closer to the subject.
Camera Movements
Pull Out
Exact opposite of the
push in. Camera
movement that moves
the camera away from
the subject.
Camera Movements
Tracking Shots
Shots that physically
moves through the scene
for extended amount of
time.
Camera Movements
Arc Shots
Orbits the camera
around the subject
in an arc pattern
Audio
Media language
involves the use of
sound and music to
convey meaning. A
change in sound will
affect the over all mood.
Lighting
Code that gives an accent to visual
media. Light gives a video a sense of
athmosphere.
Editing
Non linear digital
process that allows
the editor to put
pictures and sounds
together in any
order.
Written Codes
Formal written language used in
a media product. Includes font
size used, captions, choice, or
words and emphasis of words.
Written Codes
Media Convention
Accepted ways of using media
codes. Closely connected to
audience’s expectation of media
product.
Media Convention
includes;
Form Conventions
Story Conventions
Genre Conventions
Form Conventions
Specific ways we
expect the types of
media codes to be
arranged.
Story Conventions
Common narrative
structures and
understandings that are
common in story telling
media products.
Genre Conventions
Point to the common use
of tropes, characters,
settings, or themes in a
particular type of medium.
Closely linked at audience
expectations of a genre.
Message
Information sent to a receiver from
a source.
Audience
Group of consumers for whom the
media message was constructed as
well as anyone else who is exposed
to the message.
Producers
People engaged in the process of
creating and putting together media
content to make a finished media
product.
Stakeholders
Libraries, archives, museums, internet
and other relevant information
providers.
References:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B6s9sv8QzTo
&t=1031s
https://mediaandinformationliteracyblog.home.blo
g/2019/03/10/lesson-6-media-and-information-
languages/
https://www.slideshare.net/markjhonoxillo/media-
and-information-languages
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