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PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF Entada

rheedii Spreng.

Article · February 2017

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 Volume-6, Issue-2, February - 2017 • ISSN No 2277 - 8160 Volume : 3 | Issue : 11 | November 2014
IF : •3.62
ISSN| IC
NoValue
2277 -80.26
8179

Original Research Paper Botany

PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY
OF Entada rheedii Spreng.

PG Department of Botany, AA Government Arts College, Namakkal,

Arulkumar M Tamil Nadu, India
PG Department of Botany, AA Government Arts College, Namakkal,
Velmurugan C Tamil Nadu, India
PG Department of Botany, AA Government Arts College, Namakkal,
E.G. Wesely Tamil Nadu, India
MD, Vignan university, VFSTR, Vadlamudi post, Guntur – 522 213,
Nazneen Bobby Andhra Pradesh, India
Nathan Vinod National Institute of Oceanography-CSIR, Regional Centre, Cochin-
Kumar 682018, Kerala, India
Entada rheedii Spreng., is a woody climber shrub of the Family Fabaceae which is used in many traditional medicines. It is
ABSTRACT
rich in many phytochemicals. The seeds areused as narcotic, emetic, febrifuge, alexiteric andantiperiodic. However, the bio
potential of some parts was not explored. In the present work, we investigate the preliminary phytochemicals of leaf extract prepared using various
solvents.The antimicrobial efficacy of these extract against selected microorganisms namely against E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus
subtilis and Salmonella typhi were evaluated. The solvent extracts were found very signi cantly inhibiting Pseudomonas at the highest
concentrations very effectively. These extracts were efficiently inhibiting the multidrug resistant pathogenic strains. The phytochemical analysis
revealed that the extract contained alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids etc. which may be attributed to the antimicrobial effect of the extract. The leaves
of the Entada rheediiwas less explored for its bio-potential and hence the work is a preliminary report with signi cant ndings of its bio-potential.

KEYWORDS : Entada rheedii,antimicrobial, leaves, multidrug resistance, phytochemicals

INTRODUCTION based drugs or formulations to cure many disorders. This research

The phytomedicines are part of our culture and were followed as paper focuses on the preliminary study of Phytochemistry of leave
traditional or indigenous knowledge practices. However, the extract of E. rheedii and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against
modern medicines replaced them from our lifestyle. Though there selected pathogens.
are tremendous development in the eld of modern medicines,
laterally there are many new challenges arising. Among them, a Materials and Methods
major challenge is antibiotic resistance mechanism in many Collection of Plant Material
pathogens. The fact is that the antibiotics become insufficient for Leaf samples of Entada rheediiSpreng. were collected from
the curing of the microbial associated infections and diseases. Over Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu, India. The samples were shade
the time, the demand for the herbal based formulation for curing dried and powdered for extraction of phytochemicals.
these diseases are increasing. India being a country with rich
bioresource has plenty of herbal formulations and many plants as
well astrees parts were widely used for curing many diseases in
different forms.

Entada rheedii Spreng., is a woody climber shrubof the Family

Fabaceae inhabitant to most tropical countries including India
[1,2].It is known as Pramior African dream herb and widely used to
cure Body pain, musculo-skeletal problems.The seeds areused by
the folkloric medicinal practitioners, locally known as narcotic,
emetic, febrifuge, alexiteric andantiperiodic. Triterpenes isolated
from seed of E. rheedii has antiproliferative and antioxidant
activity[3,4]. Infusion of E. rheediibark were used in Tanzania to cure
scabies [5].Similarly, pains and itch are mitigated by bark and seeds Figure 1: Habitat of Entada rheedii Spreng.
of E. rheedii in South-East Asia [5]. Phytochemical investigation of E.
rheedii has not yet done extensively. Recently, some reported on the Preparation of leaf extract
isolation of avonoids from the bark of E. rheedii Spreng[6] E. rheedii leaves was dried, powdered and 10g of the powder was
.Moreover, seed kernels ofE. rheediihavebeen reported to contain subjected to Soxhlet extraction. Chloroform, methanol, ethanol and
tryptophan derivatives, triterpenoidsaponins (rheediinoside A and isopropanol were used in the order of polarity. The extraction was
B) [3],tryptorheedei A and tryptorheedei B [7],oleanane-type performed overnight to obtain concentrated aqueous extract of the
triterpene oligoglycosides (rheedeiosides A,B, C and D), thioamide leaves. Further the extract was concentrated using a rotary
glycoside andcis-entadamide A-β-D-glucopyranoside[8]. evaporator and was stored at 4°C for further use.

The demand for phyto-medicines is increasing in the recent days. Phytochemical Analysis of Extract
Hence, there are new avenues opening in identifying new plant Phytochemical evaluation of the leaf extract of E. rheedii was

624 X GJRA - GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS

IF : 3.62 | IC Value 80.26 Volume : 3 Issue-2,
Volume-6, | Issue : 11 | November
February 2014
- 2017 • ISSN
• ISSN NoNo2277
2277- -8160
8179

per formed using the standard procedures. Different Plesiomonasshigelloides, Salmonella typhi, S. paratyphi,
phytochemicals, namely avonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, Shigelladysenteriae, S. exneri, S. boydii, S. sonnei, Proteus vulgaris,
tannins, carbohydrates and glycosides were screened [9]. Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, S. aureus, S.
epidermidis and Streptococcus pyogenes[11].
Agar diffusion assay
The modi ed agar well diffusion method was employed. 24hrs old Conclusions
bacterial cultures of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas This study revealed that the various solvent extract of leaves of E.
aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi were inoculated onto Muller rheedii were suitable as an antimicrobial agent against E.coli,
Hinton agar media (HiMedia, Mumbai) by spread plate technique. Pseudomonas, Bacillus sp. and S. typhi. In case of Pseudomonas, there
6mm diameter wells were made using sterile gel puncher. Various was signi cant inhibition observed at highest concentrations
extracts of E. rheediileaves was dissolved in DMSO (Dimethyl tested. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the extract
Sulfoxide) from which 25, 50 75 and 100µl of extract were added into possesses avonoids, tannins, terpenoids etc. which may be
agar wells. The plates were sealed and incubated at 32 ± 2 oC for 24 attributed to the antimicrobial effect of the extract. This is a rst
hr. The inhibition zone diameter was recorded after the incubation report on antimicrobial activity of leaf extract of E. rheediieffective
period. All the experiments were conducted in triplicates[10]. against multidrug resistant bacterial isolates.

Phytochemica Extracts Table 2. Antimicrobial efficacy of leaf extract of E. rheedii against

ls Chloroform Ethanol Methanol Isopropanol selected pathogenic bacteria
Flavonoids + - - - Solvents Microorganis Extract Concentration
Saponins - - - - ms 25µl 50 µl 75 µl 100 µl
Steroids - - - - Methanol Bacillus 14 ± 0.14 16 ± 0.28 20 ± 0.11 23 ± 0.16
Terpenoids + + + + E.coli 17 ± 0.27 19 ± 0.13 22 ± 0.18 24 ± 0.11
Tannins - + + + Pseudomonas 16 ± 0.15 21 ± 0.18 25 ± 0.24 32 ± 0.13
Carbohydrates - - - - S.typhi 17 ± 0.32 19 ± 0.24 21 ± 0.33 23 ± 0.14
Glycosides - - + - Chloroform Bacillus 10 ± 0.22 14 ± 0.26 20 ± 0.12 22 ± 0.23
E.coli 11 ± 0.34 14 ± 0.22 19 ± 0.32 21 ± 0.27
Table 1. Phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of E. rheedii
Pseudomonas 9 ± 0.21 15 ± 0.08 25 ± 0.22 34 ± 0.12
Results and Discussion S.typhi 12 ± 0.19 14 ± 0.14 17 ± 0.11 24 ± 0.18
Phytochemical Analysis of E. rheedii Leaf Extract Ethanol Bacillus 10 ± 0.12 13 ± 0.18 17 ± 0.05 21 ± 0.14
Phytochemical analysis of the E. rheedii leaf extract prepared using E.coli 9 ± 0.17 11 ± 0.34 16 ± 0.10 20 ± 0.18
various solvents were performed (Table 1). The results revealed the Pseudomonas 12 ± 0.36 16 ± 0.13 19 ± 0.13 22 ± 0.25
presence of terpenoids in all the extracts. Saponin, steroids and S.typhi 8 ± 0.17 12 ± 0.17 15 ± 0.20 18 ± 0.19
carbohydrates were not detected in any extracts. Tannins and Isopropanol Bacillus 10 ± 0.12 14 ± 0.11 16 ± 0.14 18 ± 0.23
terpenoid content were extracted using ethanol, methanol and E.coli 12 ± 0.27 16 ± 0.18 18 ± 0.17 26 ± 0.14
isopropanol. In some previous works, phytochemistry of other Pseudomonas 7 ± 0.19 13 ± 0.21 16 ± 0.23 20 ± 0.15
species of Entada were reported.Phytochemical study of ethanol S.typhi 11 ± 0.13 14 ± 0.23 15 ± 0.19 20 ± 0.28
extract of seed of E. scandens were investigated which revealed the
[Values represent Mean ±S.D of triplicate experiments]
presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, avonoids and
saponins[11].However, this is the pioneering report on the
phytochemical analysis of leaf extract of E. rheedii. Acknowledgements
Authors extend acknowledgement to the AA Government Arts
College, Namakkal, India for necessary infrastructure facilities.
Antimicrobial Activity of Leaf Extractusing Well Diffusion
Method
References
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