English Speaking Complete

List of Irregular Verbs

Base form - past simple - past participle

abide abided/abode abided/abode

arise arose arisen
awake awaked/awoke awoken
be was/were been
bear bore born
beat beat beaten
become became become
befall befell befallen
beget begot begotten
begin began begun
behold beheld beheld
bend bent bent
bereave bereft bereft
beseech besought besought
beset beset beset
bespeak bespoke bespoken
bestride bestrode bestridden
bid bade/bid bidden/bid
bind bound bound
bite bit bitten
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
breed bred bred
bring brought brought
broadcast broadcast(ed) broadcast(ed)
build built built
burst burst burst
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
cling clung clung
come came come
creep crept crept
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
dwell dwelled/dwelt dwelled/dwelt
eat ate eaten
interweave interwove interwoven
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
flee fled fled
fling flung flung
fly flew flown
forbid forbad(e) forbidden
forget forgot forgotten
forgive forgave forgiven
forsake forsook forsaken
foresee foresaw foreseen
foretell foretold foretold
freeze froze frozen
get got got
give gave given
go went gone
grind ground ground
grow grew grown
hang hanged/hung hanged/hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
know knew known
lay laid laid
lead led led
lean leaned/leant leaned/leant
leap leapt leapt
learn learned/learnt learned/learnt
leave left left
lend lent lent
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
pay paid paid
mistake mistook mistaken
overhear overheard overheard
oversleep overslept overslept
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
seek sought sought
sell sold sold
send sent sent
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shrink shrank shrunk
shrive shrove shriven
sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sling slung slung
slink slunk slunk
slit slit slit
smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt
smite smote smitten
speak spoke spoken
speed speeded/sped speeded/sped
spend spent spent
spin spun spun
spit spat spat
spoil spoiled/spoilt spoiled/spoilt
spring sprang sprung
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank stunk
stride strode stridden
strike struck struck
string strung strung
strive strove striven
swear swore sworn
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
think thought thought
throw threw thrown
tread treaded/trod trodden
understand understood understood
undertake undertook undertaken
undo undid undone
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
weave wove woven
weep wept wept
win won won
wind wound wound
withdraw withdrew withdrawn
withstand withstood withstood
wring wrung wrung
write wrote written
 Common English
“Hello th e re ! In th is s h o rt P DF, Verbs in 3 Forms
mon
you’ll find a list of com
~ English Speaking Complete ~
rms. I
English verbs in all 3 fo
ful!”
hope you find this use
David
 V1 Basic V2 Past V3 Past Participle V1 Basic V2 Past V3 Past Participle

1 Rest Rested Rested 12 Plan Planned Planned

2 Arrive Arrived Arrived 13 Give Gave Given

3 Return Returned Returned 14 Ask Asked Asked

4 Wait Waited Waited 15 Teach Taught Taught

5 Choose Chose Chosen 16 Buy Bought Bought

6 Wake Woke Awoken 17 Close Closed Closed

7 Feel Felt Felt 18 Fall Fell Fallen

8 Draw Drew Drawn 19 Explain Explained Explained

9 Sleep Slept Slept 20 Drink Drank Drunk

10 Cook Cooked Cooked 21 Want Wanted Wanted

11 Break Broke Broken 22 Read Read (pronounced “red” Read (pronounced “red”
 V1 Basic V2 Past V3 Past Participle V1 Basic V2 Past V3 Past Participle

23 Study Studied Studied 34 See Saw Seen

24 Ride Rode Ridden 35 Make Made Made

25 Use Used Used 36 Remember Remembered Remembered

26 Put Put Put 37 Laugh Laughed Laughed

27 Listen Listened Listened 38 Call Called Called

28 Stand Stood Stood 39 Talk Talked Talked

29 Come Came Come 40 Watch Watched Watched

30 Eat Ate Eaten 41 Swim Swam Swum

31 Go Went Gone 42 Write Wrote Written

32 Do Did Done 43 Travel Travelled Travelled

33 Say Said Said 44 Talk Talked Talked

 Common English
Verbs in 3 Forms
~ English Speaking Complete ~

“Have a go at using these

common verbs in all fo
rms for
the appropriate tense!
Practice makes perfec
”
t.

David
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

1. Introductions and Greetings - A party

Sarah: Hello, it’s a pleasure to meet you. Am I right in guessing that you’re Gary?
Gary: That’s right, I’m Gary from Bath. How do you know me?
Sarah: Actually, your sister Sally showed me a picture of you only yesterday.
Gary: Ah-ha, I see now! Well, I guess I don’t need to worry so much then.
Sarah: No, not at all Gary. How are you enjoying the party?
Gary: Mmm, It’s okay, I guess. I’m not so much of a party animal. How about you? Are you
having fun?
Sarah: Honestly, I’ve not been to so many parties this last year. I’ve really lost touch with my
social skills. It’s still kind of fun though.
Gary: I suppose you’ve been too busy for parties - kind of like myself.
Sarah: That’s right! I had a baby girl last autumn, so I’ve been as busy as a bee since then.
Baby’s really do keep your hands full.
Gary: Wow, that’s great news, Sarah! Congratulations to you and your baby girl.
Sarah: Thank you very much, Gary. How about you and Sally come over to my house for
dinner? My husband is a real wizard in the kitchen!
Gary: That would be brilliant Sarah. I think Sally would love that, too. When were you
thinking?
Sarah: I’m free most weekends. Would that be okay for you?
Gary: Yup, that’s awesome!
Sarah: Okay, sounds like a plan to me. I’ll let Sally know the date, too.

Key vocabulary

Hi there A pleasure to meet I’m Gary How do you... Not at all

you

How are you... Party animal How about you? I’ve really lost touch As busy as a bee
with

Keep your hands full A real wizard When were you I’m free Awesome
thinking?
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

2. Describing People, Places and Things - Work

Brian: So Atty, how’s everything going at your new work?

Atty: Actually, pretty great so far. I’m usually quite nervous in a new job, but I’ve met plenty of
great coworkers. A good start!
Brian: Brilliant, Atty. I’m really pleased for you.
Atty: Thanks, mate. My new boss is so different from my last workplace. It makes the day a lot
easier without having someone nagging you all the time.
Brian: Yup, my boss is a real headache as well. But I suppose that’s why they’re in charge.
Where is your new job now?
Atty: It’s just outside the town centre in a really modern office block. I’ve got to say, it’s pretty
amazing. The area is a bit industrial but it’s still quite nice and clean.
Brian: Sounds great! The majority of new office spaces are located in that area anyway, right?
Atty: Yeah, that’s right. Actually, it wasn’t a very nice location before, what with the pollution, but
these days it’s so much better. I wouldn’t mind living around there to be honest.
Brian: All sounds really positive, Atty!
Atty: Yep, thanks for asking Brian. How’s things with you?
Brian: Not so bad. I’m just looking for a new job right now and have several interviews coming
up. Fingers crossed as I’m ready for a new challenge. Unlike your boss, my manager is not
friendly at all. I really can’t wait to finish work there!
Atty: Really hope it all goes well for you, Brian.

Key vocabulary

How’s everything Plenty of Coworkers Pleased for you Mate

going?

So different Nagging Town centre Modern Industrial

So much How’s things with Several Fingers crossed Unlike

you?
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

3. Opinions, Likes and Dislikes - Cars

George: Hey, Tom. Thanks for meeting up - it’s been way too long.
Tom: For sure, I don’t think I’ve seen you since like February or something.
George: It’s definitely been awhile.
Tom: Everyone seems to stay indoors after Christmas.
George: True. I’ve got to say, I can’t stand the winter months. So depressing!
Tom: In my opinion, February weather is easily the worst. It’s wet, windy and way too cold to be
outside.
George: Definitely. How’ve you been anyway?
Tom: Pretty good, thank you. I just bought an amazing new car so happy about that.
George: What kind of car did you buy?
Tom: It’s a Honda. I think they’re the most reliable and give the best value for money, too. My
old car was rubbish in comparison, so disappointing.
George: I saw a recent review on new Honda cars. Really positive and apparently cheap to
run, too. Maybe I should swap!
Tom: To be honest, I didn’t like the designs at first but they’ve really started to grow on me.
George: Strange how that happens, right? I used to hate some cars but really like them now.
Tom: The only problem is, my girlfriend couldn’t care less about cars - she says I’m obsessed
with it.
George: Don’t worry mate. Just take me out for a drive soon!

Key vocabulary

it’s been way too I’ve got to say I can’t stand Depressing Worst
long

Amazing Reliable Value for money Rubbish Disappointing

Cheap to run To be honest Grow on me Couldn’t care less Obsessed

English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

4. Daily Routines - English Classroom

David: Before we begin our lesson on daily routines, I’d like everyone to say a big welcome to
our new student, Grace. Welcome to our English class, Grace.
Grace: Thanks so much for letting me join - I can’t wait to start.
David: Maybe you could start with telling us about your daily routine?
Grace: Sure, of course! Well, I kinda guess my daily routine is quite run of the mill really. I
usually wake up at around 6:50am or 7:00 in the morning and then brush my teeth and take a
shower. Most days, I tend to skip breakfast although I heard this is quite unhealthy, right?
David: I heard that’s true, Grace!
Grace: Well, I suppose I shouldn’t skip that bit! After that, I get dressed then do my make up
and things, but try not to spend too long on this! After that, I oughta get out of the house. I try to
be on the train and set off to work at around 8:15. Generally speaking, I’m at work for about
8:50 or 9 if the train’s delayed.
David: And I’m sure that happens often around here!
Grace: It really does! After work, I like to hang out with friends in the evening or just take my
dog for a walk and watch a movie. Pretty chilled really.
David: How about the weekends, Grace?
Grace: Actually, I sometimes have to work overtime on weekends, but if I’m free I’ll take it easy
and sleep in!
David: Sounds perfect!

Key vocabulary

Kinda Run of the mill Wake up Take a shower Skip breakfast

Do my make up Oughta On the train Set off to work Generally speaking

Delayed Hang out Take my dog for a Chilled Take it easy

walk
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

5. Speaking about Hobbies and Interests - Train Journey

Julian: Here, Alex - take your ticket mate.

Alex: Cheers. How much was that?
Julian: Don’t worry about it, I’ll pay for this. So what were you up to over the summer?
Alex: Loads of stuff really. I took up a new sport, which was pretty fun.
Julian: Nice, you’ve always been into trying out new things. Which new sport did you start?
Alex: Well, it sounds kind of strange, but actually I got really into paragliding!
Julian: Paragliding?!
Alex: Yes, I thought you’d think it was kind of weird. But yeah.. I’m really loving it! My cousin
suggested I give it a go. She’s about to become an instructor in it.
Julian: Were you not petrified about doing it?!
Alex: Well, I suppose a bit! Like I said my cousin’s experienced so I wasn’t too worried and also
the equipment is brand new and super safe.
Julian: Okay, but you’d never get me trying it!
Alex: How about you, Julian? Did you have a good summer?
Julian: It was good, but probably a bit dull compared to yours! I spent most of my time taking it
easy and reading in the garden. I’m a real bookworm these days! Pretty different to paragliding
right?
Alex: Definitely! But to be honest, I should really pick up a book more often. I haven’t read
much at all recently.
Julian: Don’t worry, I’ll lend you a few books. I’m a big fan of sports biographies. How does that
sound?
Alex: Excellent! Bring one over to my house later. Anyway, here’s our stop!

Key vocabulary

Cheers What were you up Took up Been into I got really into
to?

Kind of weird Give it a go Petrified And also Brand new

Dull Taking it easy Bookworm Pick up a book Big fan

English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

6. Expressing Doubts - Letting Agent

(Telephone dial tone)

Alan: Hello, thanks for calling Super Lettings, you’re speaking to Alan, how may I help you?
Jenny: Ah, hello, thanks for answering Alan. My name’s Jenny. Ah… I’m calling to enquire
about renting a flat or some accommodation from you?
Alan: Well, you’ve called the right place. We always aim to provide the best service possible.
Jenny: That’s good to hear!
Alan: What sort of budget and area were you thinking, Jenny?
Jenny: Well, I’m not completely sure… I suppose I have around £445 per month. If I can find
something a little cheaper that would be great! Ideally, somewhere around South Newton would
be great.
Alan: Okay, I think we may have a few listings. Are you looking for shared accommodation or
wanting to live alone?
Jenny: Let me think... If you have something in budget that is a one bedroom, that would be
amazing.
Alan: Yes, we have a few studios that would fit your needs.
Jenny: Excellent. I’d love my own space. Sharing flats can really stress me out sometimes!
South Newton would be best as I generally take the train to college from there.
Alan: Okay, let’s see what we can do. Are there any other features you’d be looking for?
Jenny: Well, just try and show me decent listings please. The last agent I met didn’t have a
clue! They showed me all sorts of run down buildings that were completely overpriced!
Alan: No problem! I’ll try my best not to waste your time!
Jenny: Great, how about 3pm tomorrow afternoon?
Alan: That sounds perfect.
Jenny: Thanks again Alan, and see you tomorrow!

Key vocabulary

I’m calling to Always Budget I’m not completely Ideally

enquire sure

Shared Let me think Own space Stress me out Generally

accommodation

Decent Didn’t have a clue Run down Overpriced Waste your time
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

7. University and Studies - Coffee Shop

Sam: Oh, hi Dao. Great to see you here!

Dao: Hi Sam - it’s been too long! How’s everything going with you?
Sam: Pretty good thanks, just busy with university and trying to get into my study books.
How’ve you been?
Dao: So-so I guess. I’m trying hard to pass this new course I enrolled into. But I really
wouldn’t bet on it! There’s way too much coursework to complete and I don’t have the time to
finish it all.
Sam: I can imagine it’s pretty intense, Dao! Do you need any help?
Dao: No, but thanks for the offer. Right from the get go the teacher was setting assignments.
What a nightmare!
Sam: But you know, sometimes you’ve just got to see the light at the end of the tunnel.
Dao: Ah, I suppose you’re right. How’s your degree studies going?
Sam: It’s 50/50 really. The assignments are sometimes quite okay, but the lectures can be like
watching paint dry. Seriously, I find it hard to stay awake sometimes!
Dao: Well, I suppose some teachers are more interesting than others. They’re all quite different.
Sam: Yeah, that’s very true. Other than studies, lifes been a blast. I took a weekend trip to the
Lake District a few weeks ago.
Dao: Wow! I still haven’t visited there. What was it like?
Sam: It’s really beautiful and there are so many small villages to look around. If you finish your
coursework early, I recommend it!
Dao: I’d love to but let’s see!

Key vocabulary

It’s been too long Pretty good thanks Get into So-so Enrolled

Wouldn’t bet on it Coursework Right from the get Assignments Light at the end of
go the tunnel

50/50 Like watching paint They’re A blast Look around

dry
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

8. Sharing Experiences - Talking about Vacations

Michael: So go on then, Adam - how was your holiday?

Adam: Too good, I’m gutted that I’m back home now!
Michael: That’s life right? It’s alway hard coming home after a trip.
Adam: Seriously, Turkey was the best! I could have stayed there the rest of the year. Seriously,
I was in awe at the architecture over there. I literally almost cried when I landed back in
London.
Michael: Try not to sweat it too much, mate. Just remember, it’s only 2 or 3 months until
summer arrives.
Adam: English summer though? Such a mixed bag! Anyway, I’ll stop whining. Have you ever
tried Turkish food?
Michael: No, I haven’t really. What’s it like?
Adam: It really surprised me. I was expecting something quite different. They have this dish
called a Pide. It’s basically a pizza - really fell in love with it! I’ll see if we can find it here in
London - we could go and grab a bite together.
Michael: Yeah, that sounds like a good plan. Me and my missus were thinking of flying to
Rome with Zepp Airways this summer. The company went under just before we were going to
book the flight. Really lucky!
Adam: Wow, you two really dodged a bullet there. You would have lost all your money! Any
other ideas where you might go to?
Michael: Well, after hearing your reviews of Turkey, we might book a trip there!
Adam: Seriously, go for it! It’s one of the best places I’ve ever been.
Michael: We might just do that.

Key vocabulary

Gutted Could have Awe Literally Try not to sweat it

Mixed bag Surprised Fell in love with it Grab a bite Sounds like a plan

Missus Went under Dodged a bullet Would have Go for it

English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

9. Visiting Restaurants - British Restaurant

Waiter: Hello. Is it okay to take your order now?

Lady: Yes, I’m just about ready. Sorry it took me an age!
Waiter: Absolutely no problem! What can I get for you?
Lady: Well, I’ll just order for myself for now as my friend is running late. Can I just ask, do the
starters have any shellfish in them today? Sorry but I’m really allergic!
Waiter: Not at all! Let me take a look for you… Well, I do believe they are all cooked without any
shellfish or fish - I’ll of course double check for you too!
Lady: That would be perfect. I wouldn’t want to cause you any stress if I got ill! Ah, here’s my
friend now!
Man: So sorry to keep you waiting. My bus turned up late as usual.
Lady: Well, I did tell you to book a grab taxi! Anyway, don’t worry about it - you’re here now.
Man: It’s better to be late than never, right?
Waiter: Please sit here, sir. Would you like a drink whilst you take a look at the menu?
Man: Yes please, that would be great. Do you have a dry white wine available?
Waiter: We certainly do. And for you?
Lady: I’ll take the same, please.
Waiter: No problem.
Man: This place came highly recommended right?
Lady: It did, my old boss messaged me and said it’s a must try. Apparently, the chef has
previously won a Michelin star.
Man: Wow, how very fancy! I hope the menu is reasonably priced though!
Lady: Well, you're paying as you arrived late. Shall we order some snacks now?
Man: Sounds good to me.

Key vocabulary

To take An age What can I get for Running late Allergic

you?

Double check To cause Turned up To book Better late than

never

Take a look Take the same Highly Must try Reasonably priced
recommended
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

10. Make Requests and Offers - Work

Simon: Hey there, Trent. Thanks for coming to meet me.

Trent: Not at all, glad to lend a helping hand!
Simon: Well, do you think you could do me a favour with this new printing order that’s come
in?
Trent: Yeah, possibly. What’s the issue?
Simon: To be fair, it’s not too bad! Here’s the deal. Basically, they over ordered on new stock
and now we don’t have storage. If you could take a few boxes that would take a load off my
shoulders.
Trent: Any chance you could let me know the numbers?
Simon: Yeah, I should be able to. I guess it’s only around 3 crates. But we really don’t have any
more room for them now. What do you think? I’d really owe you one if you could.
Trent: Yes, you definitely would. I think it should be fine. When can you deliver them to me?
Simon: How about Thursday? The boxes will be brought over by me and my friend as soon as
possible. If Thursday doesn't work, we could maybe try Wednesday too if you like?
Trent: Well, in an ideal world, Wednesday would be much better. Can you manage it?
Simon: Yeah, I’ll make sure we’re ready to go for Wednesday. Thanks Trent, you’re a legend.
Any issues, I’ll get in touch as soon as possible.
Trent: Yes, okay Simon. Just keep me updated.
Simon: If there’s anything I can do for you let me know, I’d be happy to help!

Key vocabulary

Lend a helping hand Do me a favour What’s the issue? To be fair Take a load off my
shoulders

Any chance What do you think? Owe you one If you like In an ideal world

Ready to go Legend Get in touch Keep me updated Happy to help

English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

11. Discussing Travel Plans - Visa Office

Admin officer: So, you are planning to travel to England, yes?

Belle: Yes, that’s correct.
Admin officer: Okay. Please tell me a little more about your planned trip.
Belle: I intend to travel to the United Kingdom for around about 16 days and have booked all
my accommodation in advance already. So, I’m really hoping my visa is granted! Mostly, I’m
planning to visit three of the big cities, although I may try and visit Liverpool for a day trip - this
depends on time and my budget. I have a tight schedule after all.
Admin officer: Okay, and what are the other cities you’re visiting?
Belle: Well, I get into London first thing and will jump straight into exploring the city - after
checking in to my hostel of course. I’ll then travel to Birmingham and Manchester for a few
days, too.
Admin officer: Thank you for the information. And may I ask what plans do you have during
your stay?
Belle: During my stay, I intend to visit as many popular tourist attractions as time allows. And
my wallet, too! I’d love to check out a football game, either in London or Manchester. Apart
from that, I’m looking forward to trying lots of new foods and also just exploring the cities and
taking in English culture. I’m hoping for some decent weather though!
Admin officer: I see you have visited England before for a short trip.
Belle: Yes, that’s correct. I flew in for a short trip two years ago. If I had more time, I would have
stayed for much longer! I really am itching to get away and visit the UK again!

Key vocabulary

Intend Around about In advance Tight schedule Get into

Jump straight into Checking in Tourist attractions Time allows Check out

Apart from that Decent weather Flew in Am itching Get away

English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

12. Debates and Arguements - Film Debate

Stan: I can’t believe you’d think her first movie was better than this one. I was half asleep
throughout that! You’re out of your mind!
Liz: I’ve got to disagree. I thought this film was much more interesting. The plot twists are just
so unique. Did you not think so? The first movie was decent enough, but this was miles
ahead. Plus, it doesn’t have any of those annoying characters that add nothing to the plot.
Stan: Well, I suppose that’s right. But what about the lead actor. Did you rate his acting?
Liz: I’ve seen worse! At least the character is believable, besides it’s an ensemble cast so
there’s loads of other actors in it, too.
Stan: Nah, you’re miles off the mark! Just because it’s a big supporting cast, it doesn’t take
away from the fact that his acting is awful!
Liz: Never have I met someone so hard to convince, Stan! You’re entitled to your opinion,
even if you are wrong!
Stan: Thanks Liz. But… Did you not think the movie was a bit of a slow burner?
Liz: It’s a drama, it’s supposed to be a slow building movie! And besides, the debut was 20
minutes longer! Don’t get me started on that!
Stan: Well, it’s fair to say you make a strong arguement!
Liz: Of course I do. That’s probably because I’m right! Anyway, let’s move on!
Stan: Not a bad idea at all, Liz! I can see you’re worked up!

Key vocabulary

I can’t believe You’re out of your I’ve got to disagree Decent enough Miles ahead
mind

Plus Did you rate Besides Miles off the mark Entitled to your
opinion

Slow burner Don’t get me started Make a strong Move on Worked up

arguement
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

13. Food and Cooking

Libby: Hello, anybody home! Oh, what a day. I’m absolutely shattered.
Adam: Hello there Libby! I’m just in the kitchen. Busy day at work today?
Libby: What an understatement! Seriously, I didn’t stop from as soon as I entered the building
until I left two hours later. I don’t suppose you knocked up dinner did you? I’m starving.
Adam: Yup, course I did. None for you though mate.
Libby: Oh c’mon. Don’t be tight! Smells like something savoury - something Spanish? Or
maybe lasagna? Am I right?
Adam: Good guess! Come on then, I can’t exactly let you go hungry can I?
Libby: Thanks, Adam. This looks really delicious. I tell you what, I’ll cook sometime next week
for everyone. Is that some ice cream over there, too?
Adam: It is. I know you’ve got a sweet tooth Libby.
Libby: I’ve gotta say Adam, this food is very good. It’s so moreish. I think I’ll have to eat my fill!
Might need to do some extra gym classes this week if I keep eating food like this.
Adam: I don’t mind, eat up! Just make sure you save some for my brunch tomorrow, alright?
Libby: I will try my very best - promise! So go on then, how’d you cook this up?
Adam: To be honest, I just followed a recipe really closely. I found one on a website with a
picture and it looked really good so thought I’d have a go, too. The secret ingredient is dark
chocolate for the tomato sauce.
Libby: You’re kidding me?
Adam: Not at all. Surprising, right? I would have never thought chocolate and tomato would go
together but for some reason it seems to work.
Libby: Actually, maybe you should cook next week, too!

Key vocabulary

Shattered What an Knocked up I’m starving Don’t be tight

understatement!

Savoury Go hungry Sweet tooth Moreish Eat my fill

Brunch Followed a recipe Secret ingredient You’re kidding me? Go together

English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

14. Giving Advice - Study options

Katie: Ah, I’m so mixed up about what I should do. I really appreciate your help though.
Marc: Don’t worry about it, really. That’s what friends are for.
Katie: Thanks, Marc. So yeah, this is a really tough decision. I got two offers from two great
universities for my post-grad, but I just can’t separate them really.
Marc: I get it! I had a tough time deciding my study options, too. It’s a big decision so take your
time and weigh up the pros and cons. How are they different?
Katie: Well, to start off, they’re in completely different cities. One course is in Lincoln and the
other is in Edinburgh.
Marc: Wow! That is going to be pretty different then Katie. Are they both good courses?
Katie: Tell me about it! Completely different cities. But yeah, the courses both seem pretty
even. Although, Edinburough has a slightly better reputation. But I’ve never been there before
so not sure I’d like the city. Lincoln though, super cool place!
Marc: Definitely would be a cool place to study and concentrate for a couple of years. Which
one seems like the natural choice?
Katie: Psssh, not a clue! I keep switching between them. Basically, Edinburough would be an
adventure and Lincoln a safe bet.
Marc: Sounds like a hard choice between them both. Maybe try sleeping on it? You might
have a better idea tomorrow?
Katie: I’ve been stuck for 3 weeks now. But I suppose you’re right. I might also call my mum
and get another opinion, too.
Marc: Great shout! Parents always give good advice. Well, usually anyway!

Key vocabulary

Mixed up Appreciate your Tough decision Post-grad Seperate them

help

Weigh up the pros Tell me about it Pretty even Natural choice Not a clue
and cons

Switching between Safe bet Try sleeping on it I’ve been stuck Great shout
them
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts
English Speaking Complete - Modelled conversation scripts

15. Relationships and dating - Cafe conversation

Darren: How’s everything going at home then, Georgie?

Georgie: Yeah, all’s good really. I think it’s fair to say me and Steven have really settled down
now. We’re like an old married couple! I don’t think we’ve been out too much recently but it’s
really nice and stable - can’t complain at all!
Darren: Sounds lovely. I wish I had that!
Georgie: How’s your love life? You’ve been a young bachelor for awhile now, Darren.
Darren: I suppose I have! Although not anymore. I’ve just started a more serious relationship
in the last few weeks. Things are looking up!
Georgie: Very happy to hear that! Who’s the lucky girl?
Darren: I actually met her online. Seems like most people do that these days! We’ve been kind
of dating on and off for about 5 months but just decided to take the next step.
Georgie: Very impressive, Darren! You’re not getting married are you?
Darren: Woah woah woah! It’s a bit early for that! We’ve only known each other for half a year.
But we have decided to move in together. My mate said it seemed a bit early for that but we’re
really happy together and we pretty much spend all our time at each other’s houses anyway.
Seems like the natural time to do it!
Georgie: Well, I wish you all the best of luck. It’s quite a big step moving in but if you’re
confident why not? It took me around the same time to do that.
Darren: Well, fingers crossed ey. We’re both looking for commitment so I think it will be great.
You’ll have to meet her soon, we’re a really good match.

Key vocabulary

Settled down Stable How’s your love life? Young bachelor Serious relationship

Things are looking Met her/him online Dating on and off Take the next step Getting married
up

Move in together The natural time A big step Looking for Really good match
commitment
CONTACT ABOUT ME

SKILLS WORK EXPERIENCE

EDUCATION
Phrasal Verb Set 1

Go back
To return to the place you just left
If you ever get a chance, will you go back to live in America?
Give them a round of applause, as they go back to their seats.

Knuckle down
Working very hard with full concentration
Come on, Rick, you know it's time to knuckle down and make something of yourself.
I tried to put on the smile and knuckle down and make it work, but maybe I can get a job
in London.

Bring up
To be raised by your parents or guardians
You know I'm badly brought up.
He was brought up in Poland and educated in England.

Get up
The act of waking up and leaving your bed
Most important was to see if you could get up in the morning.
It's Christmas Day, I never get up before ten.

Warm up
Stretching before heavy exercise
Before we start lifting weights, let's warm up.
Okay, so that was the best warm up. Unfortunately I feel exhausted.

Take out
Removing something from your house
You can only take out the contents when you really need it.
We can take out the furniture and put it in the garage.

Speak up
To speak louder on the phone
Please speak up, I can't hear you!
Why are you so quiet, speak up!

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Pay off
To pay a debt in full
I managed to pay off my car.
Finally, after 10 years of hard work, I was able to pay off my debts.

Phrasal Verb Set 2

Set off
To begin a journey
I want to set off blindly across this savage land.
A small group of us set off to find a new home.

Call off
To cancel something previously agreed
There's still time to call off the attack.
I suggest you call off your bet and go home.

Grow up
The act of getting older and more mature
I grew up on a beautiful farm in Scandinavia with my nine brothers and sisters.
I grew up during the end of the Chinese Revolution.

Get dressed
Putting on your clothes
I got dressed for the occasion.
I have got ready. I have got dressed properly.

Cool down
Gentle stretching after heavy exercise
Just checking to see if you cooled down after the marathon.
It took you only 20 minutes until you cooled down.

Take down
To remove something hanging from your walls
I took down my posters in my room and painted my room.
Take down those ugly photos from the wall!

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Fork out
To pay a large amount of money for something
What have you forked out for them?
I think he thought as he'd forked out for dinner that I owed him something.

Get through
Having a person answer the phone you called
I spent three hours trying to get through to a call centre.
Sorry I didn't get the call through.

Phrasal Verb Set 3

Take off
Usually used for a plane leaving the ground
Everything started here when my plane took off.
The plane took off 3 days ago and hasn't returned yet.

Sign in
To officially arrive at work or begin working
You will need your username and password to sign in and start your work.
Messengers are required to sign in at the front desk when they make a delivery.

Care for
Looking after a person, often younger than you
I know that you care for me.
Men who care for their parents and children also care for others

Sleep in
Deciding to stay in bed past your normal time
His whole family always sleeps in on Saturdays.
Sleep in, you deserve a long rest.

Build up
To slowly enact more strenuous exercise
I'm just trying to build up trust and understanding.
You need lots of fresh fruit to help build you up.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Put up
To add something and hang to a wall
Jack, was that you who put up those pictures on the wall?
It was nice of him to put up posters from the late 80's.

Pick up
Answering a telephone call
Come on, pick up the phone, it is ringing for over 5 minutes!
It is my ex wife calling again, I don't have time to pick up the phone and talk to her
again.

Rip off
An extremely overpriced item
What? It is supposed to be a bargain, but personally I think it is a total rip off!
$300 for that old computer? - That's a complete rip off.

Phrasal Verb Set 4

Hold up
A delay in travel
There was a big hold up during our trip.
Oh no, traffic again. I guess we will have to hold up for some time.

Take on
To add an extra task to your workload
I only take on work that excites me, even if it means turning down lots of money.
Why did you take on this assignment if you're so busy?

Think back
To reflect on past experiences or events
That poem makes me think back to my childhood.
The photographs made me think back to my trip to Europe.

Eat in
Staying at your home to have food
Most of the students eat in.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

I don't have time today to cook anything, I guess I'll just eat in.

Tire out
To become tired
The walk left me quite tired out.
I' ve been on my legs all day and I'm tired out.

Turn off
To switch off the power to a device
Please turn off the alarm clock.
Turn off the lights when you leave.

Cut off
A disconnection in a ongoing phone call
The telephone wire is cut off in this house.
We were talking, when suddenly I was cut off.

Save up
To save money to purchase something
You should save up and buy a house.
I'm trying to save up for my holiday.

Phrasal Verb Set 5

Check in
To arrive and register at a hotel or airport
I'll ring the hotel. I'll tell them we'll check in tomorrow.
Transfer to Kaprun and check in at the hotel.

Fill in
To cover for someone when they are absent
I'll find someone to fill in for you.
I have some extra time, so I can fill in for you.

Grow out of
To no long enjoy something as you are more mature
He'll soon grow out of wetting the bed.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

What is the average age people grow out of it?

Eat out
Going out to eat at a restaurant
We had to eat out all the time. It ended up costing a fortune.
We can eat out if you like, but I would prefer to stay in.

Run off
To try and exercise through an injury
You can't run off now, you have a serious injury!
And then I saw him run off, despite his health problems.

Tidy up
Cleaning something
When you cook, could you please tidy up after yourself.
Let's tidy up and make the house a bit more presentable .

Hang up
To quickly hang up a phone conversation
Please hang up the phone.
Don't hang up on me - I need to talk to you.

Put aside
Another way to say saving money
He's put aside a tidy sum for his retirement.
Every week I put aside a few pounds for a new TV.

Phrasal Verb Set 6

Check out
To formally leave and end your stay at a hotel
We're supposed to check out of the hotel by 11 o'clock.
I am sure that Jill had already checked out of the hotel. But check for yourself.

Lay off
Removal from a job (being fired)
They had to lay off 200 staff and call in the receivers.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Because of falling orders, the company has been forced to lay off several hundred
workers.

Look up to
Used to discuss someone you admire (role model)
They all look up to their teacher.
Tell about a person who you admire and look up to.

Arrive at
To arrive at a place
At what time will the train arrive at the station?
I arrive at nine o'clock, teach until twelve thirty and then have a meal. That is my
morning routine.

Work out
Exercising or weight training
Working out in the rain for a long time may bring on a fever.
Working out for an hour every day is good for your health.

Put away
To return items to their boxes
Put away any valuable or breakable objects.
The fruit should be carefully put away.

Put through
Having your phone call passed to another person
Ernie put through a phone call to Rhonda.
Back in his office he put through a call to the colonel.

Come into
To have a large amount of money given to you
On her father's death, she came into possession of a vast fortune.
When he was 21 he came into a large inheritance.

Phrasal Verb Set 7

Get away

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

To leave and begin a holiday
I think we work too much and we should get away.
Getting away right now would be impossible.

Take over
The action of one company buying another company
He had taken over an old company verging on liquidation.
The firm was taken over by a multinational consulting firm.

Tell off
To shout or scold someone
The pupil was told off for being careless.
I was told off for talking in class.

Go out
Leaving your home for a planned event
We'll go out when the rain is over.
If you are free, why don't we go out tonight?

Pass out
Losing consciousness after strain
She passed out when she heard the tragic news.
He felt sick and dizzy and then passed out.

Rest up
To take a break from something
I think I'll just rest up for an hour or two before starting work again.
Why don't you take a nap to rest up for the party?

Hold on
Asking someone to wait a moment
Hold on, I'll check in my diary.
Hold on for a minute,I've just got to put on my makeup.

Splash out
To buy something very expensive
We're going to splash out and buy a new car.
Can you afford to splash out a little? Is your budget unlimited?

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Phrasal Verb Set 8

Look around
To explore a tourist destination
You have 15 minutes to look around.
We had a good look around the old town on the first day of our holiday.

Draw up
To make a plan in note/sketch form
The police drew up a blacklist of wanted terrorists.
They agreed to draw up a formal agreement.

Fall out
To have an argument with a person
Most married people fall out over money.
I don't like to fall out with my friends.

Clean up
Tidying up and cleaning
Help me clean up the house.
Clean up this room immediately - and that's an order!

Swell up
An injury that gets larger to help protect it further
Her arm was beginning to swell up where the bee had stung her.
His face swell up with a toothache.

Clear out
To remove waste or unwanted items
I'll clear out that closet for you.
We ought to clear out this cupboard - it's full of junk.

Break up
A poor connection in a telephone call
Again my phone connection just broke up.
My connection broke up and we were unable to finish the discussion.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Pay back
Giving back money that was borrowed
I cannot wait any longer, you need to pay me back my money.
She's been promising to pay back the money for six months, but I reckon she's just
stringing me along.

Phrasal Verb Set 9

Lay over
A break in a journey or flight
We laid over in Arizona on the way to California.
We had to lay over in St. Louis for two hours waiting for a plane to Seattle.

Pay attention
To listen and take care with instructions or work
But I would never have paid attention to rules.
They have paid attention to the academic, moral and philosophical roots of the
movement.

Take after
To have similar qualities - often to family members
Your daughter doesn't take after you at all.
He is going to take after his brother and join the army.

Chill out
To relax and take it easy
Sit down and chill out!
Chill out! We've got plenty of time.

Give up
Stopping an activity because it is too difficult
Never give up your dreams. Miracles happen everyday.
There comes a point where you give up.

Build on
To add a building on your land

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

They're going to build on the site of the old power station.
The council has granted him permission to build on the site.

Call back
To return a call to someone
Could you call back later?
I'll call back at a more convenient time.

Put down
Paying a deposit on an item
We've put down a 5% deposit on the house.
It's time to put the deposit down on the car.

Phrasal Verb Set 10

Get on
Boarding a plane or boat
The people shoved to get on the boat.
Every time I get on a plane, I quake with fear.

Knock off
An informal expression to say you are going home
I don't knock off until six.
Do you want to knock off early today?

Get along with

Having an enjoyable relationship with a person
I hope I will get along with everyone.
Do you get along with your boss?

Put together
The act of making something
This toy can be taken apart and put together with ease.
We have put together an anthology of children's poetry.

Power through
To not give up even if something is difficult

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

The challenge will be overwhelming at times, but we just have to power through.
Resilient companies that have powered through the economic downturn

Move out
To leave your home to live somewhere else
As soon as we can afford it, we'll move out to the suburbs.
Jennifer believes she will move out on her own when she is financially able to support
herself.

Hang on
Asking a person to wait a moment
Please hang on while I go for some water.
Hang on, I'll just get the telephone.

Take out
Removing money from a bank account
Your father took out insurance to cover the mortgage.
They took out a loan to consolidate their debts.

Phrasal Verb Set 11

Get in
The act of sitting in a car
Get in the car! We have to drive to McDonalds.
Get in and drive. We need to hurry!

Whip up
To cook something very quickly
I whipped up a delicious Chicken!
I could whip up one of those pound cakes.

Cut down on
To stop using a valuable but limited resource
Thought you cut down on drinking.
If we really want to save money, you could cut down on those cuban cigars.

Pass away

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

When a person dies
The artist passed away in 1533 in Nuremberg.
He passed away in one of the Warsaw hospitals on Wednesday 18 January.

Dress up
To wear your favourite clothes to an event
You didn't have to dress up and bring wine.
Told us to dress up and blend in the crowd.

Splash out
To spend a lot of money on something
If I want to splash out, I just have to go down and buy a pork cutlet.
So you can't afford the rent, but you can afford to splash out on hotel rooms.

Wake up
When you finish sleeping and are awake
Come on, please wake up.
You wake up one day and realize life is meaningless.

Drop out
Leaving education earlier than expected
He had to drop out in 11th grade.
You can drop out and work at the furniture store.

Phrasal Verb Set 12

Get out of
Leaving a mode of transport
Just get out of my car, please.
She wanted to get out of the plane so badly.

Slice off
To remove a piece of food with knife
Its root was sliced off from the rest of the vegetable.
I sliced off the skin from the meat like it was made of butter.

Rely on

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

To need something very much
Nobody should rely on these analysts anyway.
Remember that you may rely on my discretion.

Come down with

to start to feel sick
Unfortunately, the president came down with a terrible case of food poisoning.
Many years before that, one of the boys came down with the pox.

Meet up with
Arranging to meet people socially
I actually have to go meet up with my boyfriend Fred.
We could meet up with Gilles at Burger King.

Look out for

To try and identify a very good deal
It's not my job to look out for you.
Look out for Anna while you're there.

Sleep in
To stay in bed for longer than usua​l
Amelia is an early riser, but Gorda sleeps in whenever she can.
Well, maybe you shouldn't sleep in when you have classes early in the morning

Enroll in
To begin studying a course at a school
I think you should enroll in a safety class.
You can even enroll in the winter quarter.

Phrasal Verb Set 13

Fill up
To add extra gas or petrol to your car
Mike, you take care of the food , I'll go fill up the petrol tank.
Take the money, go and fill up the truck with petrol.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Pig out
To eat a lot of food
She was not about to let me pig out, because she was afraid I'd get fat.
I just want to pig out at Burger King.

Spread out
To use something less
I think we should spread out our money.
The course is spread out over four days.

Shake off
To slowly recover from an illness
He soon shook off the illness.
He never shook off after that terrible fever.

Hang out
Meeting your friends to socialise
I often used to hang out in supermarkets.
Do you still hang out with the same crew?

Pick out
To find an item you really like
Pick out a dozen oranges for me.
She tried to pick out the tune of a song she had heard on the radio.

Drop off
To slowly begin sleeping
I must have dropped off to sleep.
Her children have dropped off one by one.

Hand in
Submitting an assignment
The students handed in their assignments.
Have you handed in your history essay yet?

Phrasal Verb Set 14

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Buckle up
Putting on your seatbelt
Please buckle up now, we're about to land.
Studies show that eighty percent of motorists now buckle up.

Boil down
To boil a liquid until there is less of it
Boil down the soup until it gets thicker. I don't like thin soup
This meat tends to boil down a lot.

Die out
A living thing that becomes extinct
Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.
Most of the old traditions have died out with the passing of time.

Lay low
To est because you don't feel well
She's been laid low with the flu for a week.
Mother has been laid low by a high fever.

Blow up
Adding air or oxygen to balloons
Excuse me, could you please help me blow up these balloons?
It is her birthday tomorrow, so remember to blow up these balloons!

Stand out
An item that is much better than other options
She stands out as the best in the class.
She's the sort of person who stands out in a crowd.

Sleep off
Trying to feel better due to extra sleep
It's a good idea to spend the first night of your holiday sleeping off the jet lag.
He's gone to sleep off a headache after rather too much wine.

Read up on
To research and learn something
I've read up on the dangers of all these drugs.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Why not just read up on away reports from last season instead?

Phrasal Verb Set 15

Slow down
Decreasing speed
Slow down - you're breaking the speed limit.
Before turning, you should slow down your car.

Cut off
To remove a piece of some food with a knife
There is always something to be cut off young trees if they are to grow well.
She cut off the best meat and threw away the residue.

Run out of
A resource that has run out
They have run out of ideas.
That's done it. We've run out of petrol. We'll never be in time for the train now.

Fight off
When a person's immune system fights an illness
Normally, white blood cells fight off and kill infections.
Did your husband manage to fight off his cold by taking aspirin?

Turn up
To turn the volume up louder on speakers
Come on, turn up the volume. We want to party!
But turn up the volume knob by 1-2dB, and you'll hear that it sounds better.

Pick up
The act of buying something (usually small)
She bent forward to pick up the newspaper.
He went to the shop to pick up a brand new hat.

Sleep through
To not wake up through something often noisy
It's extraordinary that he managed to sleep through the party.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

How did you manage to sleep through that thunderstorm?

Fall behind
Having less success in studies than your peers
He didn't want to fall behind in his studies.
You'll fall behind in your studies if you keep missing school.

Phrasal Verb Set 16

Drive by
Driving past a location
When a police van drove by, the boys scattered.
He drove by with a big load of hay.

Slice up
Cutting food in portions or slices
Slice up the mushrooms and fry them.
Slice up the beef and serve with the mashed potatoes.

Throw away
To no longer want something and put in the bin
Don't throw away your old shoes, give them to me.
I had to throw away the uneaten food.

Get over
To return to health after being sick
They never got over the loss of their son.
It's just an infatuation. She'll get over it.

Eat out
Going out to eat food (such as at a restaurant)
Shall we eat out or stay in? It's up to you.
I'd like to eat out, but on the other hand I should be trying to save money.

Pop into
Quickly visiting a shop
I popped into the grocer's on the way home from work to get some cheese.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

I popped into the second-hand bookshops and, as usual, failed to find any old golf
books of any interest.

Sleep on it
Making a decision later after you have slept
I can't decide what to do. I'll sleep on it and let you know tomorrow.
Just sleep on it before making any decisions.

Go over
To re-study information again
I'm not sure that I understand. Go over it again.
He would go over his work again and again until he felt he had it right.

Phrasal Verb Set 17

Knock into
Hitting something else with your mode of transport
I was so hurried as to knock into my teacher.
She turned and ran, knocking into bystanders as she went.

Fry up
Frying food in oil
He fried up some eggs and potatoes.
We can fry up some of these pieces of cold meat for our lunch.

Used up
A resource that has finished
We've used up dish detergent.
The earth's resources are being used up at an alarming rate.

Throw up
Vomiting
The boy threw up his dinner again.
Brad threw up on the floor at the party. It was really gross.

Go out
Leaving your house to go to an event

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Remind me to phone Alan before I go out.
Lock up all the doors before you go out.

Try on
Wearing clothes before you buy them
May I try on the hat?
Try on the shoes to see if they fit.

Doze off
To steadily begin sleeping
She dozed off in front of the fire.
I must have dozed off for a few minutes because I didn't hear her come in.

Take up
To begin learning something new
She didn't take up athletics until she was 20.
Some people take up yoga to aid relaxation.

Phrasal Verb Set 18

Pull over
To slow down and stop next to something
The tourists signaled the driver to pull over.
Just pull over here, and I'll get out and walk the rest of the way.

Chop up
To finely slice and chop some food
Could you please chop up three firm tomatoes.
First, chop up two large onions. Next, fry them until they are golden brown.

Scaled back
To use something less
You may need to scale back on your variable expenses.
Despite current price advantage, UK manufacturers are still having to scale back
production.

Come around

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

To begin to feel slowly better
I've been so sorry that you couldn't come around this week.
I think he'll come around eventually.

Blow out
Blowing candles out to celebrate something
Blow out the candles before they burn out.
You have to blow out all the candles or your wish won't come true.

Take off
Removing an item of clothing
Take off your clothes; they're very wet.
She screeched at me to take off my muddy shoes.

Lie down
Laying down (often in a bed) to sleep
Lie down on the couch if you're feeling ill.
Lie down on your bed and make yourself comfortable.

Run through
A practice attempt at a planned activity
Could we run through your proposals once again?
The director wants to run through the whole play this morning.

Phrasal Verb Set 19

Go past
Driving past something
Does this bus go past the zoo?
I go past the post - office every day.

Cook up
The act of cooking and making food
In half an hour she had managed to cook up some delicious chilli.
Can you cook up a simple egg dish for us right away?

Break down

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

A substance that is decomposing and seperate
Claims that anti-cellulite creams can break down fat are controversial.
Bacteria are added to help break down the sewage.

Block up
When a person feels congested such as through flu
He felt blocked up because of the high fever.
He is taking a lot of medicine, I hope he will not feel so blocked up.

Send out
To dispatch something such as invitations
Send out the photocopies and keep the original.
I'll send out the invitations tomorrow.

Shop around
To try and find a good deal at different shops
Shop around for the best deal.
Don't buy the first car you see: shop around a bit.

Stay up
To stay awake until later than normal
Did you stay up late last night?
When I was younger I could stay up all night and not get tired.

Mix up
Becoming confused between learning and topics
I got mixed up and had to start over.
We often mix up two concepts of audit responsibility and account responsibility of
registered accountants.

Phrasal Verb Set 20

Get on
Entering a plane to begin a journey
We were hanging on to each other trying to get on the plane.
Barry doesn't really want to get on the plane until it's all sorted out.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Warm up
Making some food or ingredients hotter
If you warm up the butter it'll spread more easily.
Please warm up this milk over the stove.

Wipe out
The sudden extinction of a species
Whole villages were wiped out in the fighting.
The earthquake wiped out the whole town.

Let up
When an illness becomes less potent
Mother thought the pain would never let up.
The flu let up for a moment.

Put on
To host an event or party
We’re putting on a concert tonight.
It is his birthday, so I am sure he will put up a party!

Pay for
The act of giving money to buy something
How much did you pay for the tickets?
I fully intended to pay for the damage.

Lay in
Staying in bed past your usual get up time
She lay in bed, too feverish to sleep.
He lay in agony until the doctor arrived.

Take in
To understand a new piece of information
The students couldn't take in the lecture.
I’m not sure how much of his explanation she took in.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Accident - Noun - An unfortunate incident often with bad results. Not a nice experience!
I'm really sorry to hear you had an accident at the skating rink!
Sadly, I had an accident so no sports for me for a while!

Address - Noun - A place where someone lives. Where letters or packages can be sent.
A place where someone lives. Where letters or packages can be sent. I can't read the address
written on this envelope.
Could you please give me your new address so I can send you a Christmas card?

Advice - Noun - An opinion or recommendation offered as a guide as to what you should

do or how you should act in a particular situation.
Can I give you a piece of advice?
I need advice on which computer to buy.

Afraid - Adjective - Worried that something undesirable or bad will happen. Feeling fear.
My friend has always been afraid of heights as well as spiders.
Don't be afraid to say what you think.

Arrive - Verb - To reach a place at the end of a journey. To get to your destination.
I excitedly got off the train when we arrived in Prague.
What time will my package arrive?

Badly - Adverb - In a way that is not acceptable or of good quality. In a severe or harmful
way.
The houses around the island were badly damaged from the storm.
Fortunately, none of the passengers were badly hurt in the crash.

Because - Conjunction - Used when you are giving reason for something. For the reason
that; since.
We didn't enjoy the day because the weather was so awful.
She's studying hard because she has a test tomorrow.

Become - Verb - To start to have a feeling or quality or to start to develop something. To

start to be.
Pollution from cars has become a major problem.
Margaret Thatcher became the UK's first woman prime minister in 1979.

Bored - Adjective - Feeling tired and impatient because you do not think something is
interesting.
After a while, I got bored and left the conference.
People are getting bored of doing nothing during the lockdown.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Cafeteria - Noun - A restaurant (often in a factory, a college, or an office building) where
people collect food and drink from the serving area and take it to a table themselves after
paying for it.
For dining, resort cafeterias often serve inexpensive breakfasts.
Students complained about the cafeteria food.

Century - Noun - A period of 100 years.

That school was founded about a century ago.
It took more than a century to complete the cathedral.

Conversation - Noun - An informal talk in which people exchange news, feelings and
thoughts.
They had a short conversation in French and seemed to be disagreeing about something.
Do you remember our conversation about the latest Avengers movie?

Classical - Adjective - Belonging to a traditional style or set of ideas. Considered to be of

lasting value.
I am a massive fan of classical music.
Classical ballets are still popular and gaining attention from younger audiences.

Dangerous - Adjective - Something that is able to harm or kill someone. Not safe and
risky.
Snow and ice are making driving conditions dangerous.
I'm not allowed to play American football because my parents think it's dangerous.

Difference - Noun - A way in which two or more people or things are not like each other.
The contrast between two things.
What's the difference between an alligator and a crocodile?
Try and spot the differences between these two pictures.

Directions - Noun - Instructions that you give to someone about how to find a particular
place.
I think we're lost, we have to ask someone for directions.
My classmate gave me directions to his house, but I found them rather confusing.

Document - Noun - A paper or set of papers with written or printed information especially
of an official type. An original or official paper.
It is very important to put very important documents in a safe place.
Sadly, a lot of the financial documents were destroyed in the fire.

Electricity - Noun - The power that is carried by wires or cables and is used to provide
light or heat. Used to make machines work.
The farm was very isolated, but it had electricity.
Paying regular bills such as gas and electricity is required every month.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Empty - Adjective - A place that does not have any people in it. Having nothing inside.
It was 2 o'clock in the morning and the streets were completely empty.
Could you pick up the empty water bottles over there?

Even - Adverb - Used to show that something is surprising, unusual, unexpected or

extreme.
Most companies have suffered a drop in their profits, even very large companies because of the
lockdown.
As a result of her kindness, Emily became even more popular to a lot of students.

Exhibition - Noun - An event in which objects such as paintings are shown to the public.
A situation in which someone shows a particular skill or quality to the public.
The museum is showing an exhibition of black and white photographs.
A collection of rare books is on exhibition at the city library.

Fact - Noun - A piece of information that is known to be true. Situations, events etc. that
really happened and have not been invented.
I borrowed a book full of interesting facts about plants.
First of all, we need to gather all the facts before we start writing our research paper.

Fail - Verb - To not succeed in what you are trying to achieve or are expected to do.To not
do what is expected or needed.
If I fail my driving test again, I'm going to give up.
My friend failed maths but passed all his other subjects.

Find out - Phrasal Verb - To get information, after trying to discover it or by chance. To
learn by study, observation or search​.
Did you find out whether there are any tickets left?
It's a surprise party, so I don't want her to find out about it.

Follow - Verb - To go, walk, drive etc behind or after someone else. To go in the same
direction as a road, path etc.
My little brother's been following me around all day.
Follow the road for a mile then turn right.

Garage - Noun - A building where a car is kept, built next to or as a part of a house. / A
place where motor vehicles are repaired.
I'll just go and put the car in the garage.
My father's car is in the garage and it might take a week.

Glad - Adjective - Pleased and happy about something.

We're so glad that we don't have to go back to that scary building.
I'll be glad when this lockdown is over.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Granny - Noun - Your grandmother. / An old woman.
There never was a greater story-teller than my granny.
I saw a few grannies sitting on the bench at the shopping mall.

Guitar - Noun - A musical instrument, usually made of wood, with six strings and a long
neck, played with the fingers or plectrum.
He played classical guitar, and our music class was one of the most enjoyable hours for me.
I saw an old man sitting on the grass strumming his guitar.

Happen - Verb - To occur as an event, process, or result. To come into existence.

It's impossible to predict what will happen next.
What will happen when we won't be allowed to go back to school in the next couple of months?

Headache - Noun - A pain you feel inside your head. / Something that causes you great
difficulty or worry.
If you have a headache, you should take some aspirin.
Not being able to go out at all is a major headache for a lot of people who are under lockdown.

Hobby - Noun - An activity that you enjoy doing in your free time.
Lena's hobbies include reading, cooking, and watching romantic movies.
Stamp collecting has been a hobby of mine ever since I was a child.

Housewife - Noun - A woman whose work is inside the home, doing the cleaning,
cooking, etc. and who usually does not have any other job.
A group of housewives stood chatting outside the bakery.
A lot of modern appliances make life easier for today's housewife.

Idea - Noun - A plan or suggestion for a possible course of action, especially one that
you think of suddenly.
We're trying to think of a name for the book. Does anyone have any ideas?
It is always a good idea to bring a book to read whenever you travel far.

Improve - Verb - To make something better, or to become better. To enhance the value or
quality.
We are offering a course for students wishing to improve their English.
After several weeks of eating healthy and exercising, my health continued to improve.

Information - Noun - Facts or details that tell you something about a situation, person,
event, etc. Knowledge obtained from investigation or study.
I'm looking for some information about the coronavirus.
Add any other information that you think is relevant.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Instrument - Noun - An object used for producing music, such as piano or violin. / A tool
or other device used for performing a particular piece of work.
I'm planning to learn how to play a musical instrument, maybe I'll start with piano.
Medical students are required to memorize all the medical instruments they might use in the
future.

Journey - Noun - When you travel from one place to another, especially in a vehicle. To
go somewhere.
I've decided to go on a journey across Europe after graduation.
We had an awful journey - the car broke down in the middle of nowhere.

Jacket - Noun - A short light coat. / A cover to protect something.

He was wearing denim jeans and a denim jacket.
Slip the art book into its jacket so it won't get dirty.

Job - Noun - A regular paid work that you do for an employer. A specific duty, role, or
function.
My mother's been doing the same job for more than 30 years.
It's my job to make sure that the work is finished on time.

Keep - Verb - To have or continue to have in your possession. To stay in a particular

state, condition or position.
Can I keep the poster we made during the school's festival?
You have to keep it a secret, no one else should know about this.

Key - Noun - A piece of metal that has been cut into a special shape and is used for
opening or closing a lock, starting a car engine, etc.
I can lend you a spare key to the store until you get one made.
Oh no! I forgot my key, it's in my other bag.

Kind - Adjective - Saying or doing things that show that you care about other people and
want to help them or make them happy. Being generous and helpful.
I was with my host family for a month and they were kind to me.
Everyone loves Dorothy, she's a really kind and generous person.

Latest - Adjective - The most recent or the newest. Modern or currently fashionable.
Have you heard the latest news about the climate change?
What's the latest movie have you seen?

Lesson - Noun - A period of time in which a person is taught about a subject or how to do
something. An experience that teaches you​.
I've started taking piano lessons every weekend.
I could see these art lessons were not going to be any fun.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Light - Noun / Adjective - (N) The brightness that comes from the sun, fire or electrical
devices that allows things to be seen. - (ADJ) Not weighing a lot.
Light was coming into the room through a crack in the door.
You should wear light, comfortable shoes if you're going to join the marathon.

Luck - Noun - Good things that happen to you by chance. A force that brings good
things.
You're not having much luck today, are you?
I found a really nice restaurant purely by luck.

Machine - Noun - A piece of equipment with several moving parts that uses power to do a
particular type of work.
Could you get me a bottle of juice from the vending machine?
I've finished making a dress using a sewing machine.

Meal - Noun - An occasion when food is eaten, or the food that is eaten on such an
occasion. Portion of food eaten to satisfy appetite.
We must have a meal together some time to celebrate our graduation.
For most people, breakfast is the most important meal of the day.

Mistake - Noun - An action, decision, or judgment that produces an unwanted or

unintentional result. Something that has been done in the wrong way.
I think that we may have made a mistake in our calculations.
Check your essay carefully for any spelling mistakes.

Monthly - Adjective / Adverb - Happening or produced once a month. Occurring or

appearing every month.
Being a member of the student council, I am required to attend a monthly meeting.
I have to pay for the magazine subscription monthly.

Nearly - Adverb - Almost, but not quite or not completely. In a close manner.
After hiking for three hours, I was hot, sweaty, and nearly out of breath.
We lived there for nearly four years before moving to the city.

Neighbour - Noun - Someone who lives next to you or near you. Being immediately
adjoining or relatively near.
There are times when I borrow things from my neighbour.
I had lunch with my next-door neighbour yesterday, we went to an Italian restaurant.

Next to - Preposition - Very close to someone or something with no other person,

building, place in between. / Used to give a list of things you like or hate in order to say
what is first on the list.
The bookstore is next to the fancy restaurant.
Next to football, I like playing tennis best.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Nurse - Noun - Someone whose job is to look after people who are ill or injured, usually
in a hospital.
The nurse is coming to give you an injection.
Because of the situation we are facing now, a lot of nurses have to work around the clock.

Offer - Noun / Verb - The act of asking someone if they would like something. / To ask
someone if they would like to have something. To say that you are willing to do
something.
I must say that the offer of two weeks in Guam is very tempting.
The drama school offers places to students who can show talent.

Onion - Noun - A round white vegetable with a brown, red, or white skin and many layers.
They have strong taste and smell.
Add onion and garlic to the pan and cook until lightly browned.
Mix the ground beef with the cooked onions and butter.

Outdoor - Adjective - Existing, happening, or used outside, not inside a building.

I prefer to eat in the sheltered outdoor courtyard on warm sunny days.
The hotel has an enormous outdoor swimming pool.

Oven - Noun - A part of a stove that is box-shaped with a door, in which food is baked or
heated, or a separate device with this shape and use.
Preheat the oven to 250 degrees Celsius.
There was a pot on the stove and a casserole in the oven.

Pain - Noun - The feeling you have when part of your body hurts. Feeling of physical
suffering caused by injury or illness.
I felt a sharp pain in my back after decorating all day.
A broken leg can cause a lot of pain.

Pence - Noun - (Plural of penny) - Unit of money equal to one hundredth of a pound.
If you want to call someone in another country, you're going to be charged 60 pence a minute.
They divided 88 pence between them.

Polite - Adjective - Behaving or speaking in a way that is correct for the social situation
you are in. Showing that you are careful to consider other people's needs and feelings.
It's not polite to talk when your mouth is full.
I went shopping in Tokyo, all the clerks were very polite and helpful.

Probably - Adverb - Used to say that something is likely to happen, likely to be true.
It's probably the best movie I have ever seen.
She's probably going to be late, she said she's stuck in traffic.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Queen - Noun - The female ruler of a country. The wife of a king.
At 18, Victoria was crowned Queen of England.
I bought the new biography of Queen Elizabeth yesterday.

Quiet - Adjective - Not making much noise or making no noise at all. Not saying much or
not saying anything.
The class became quiet when the teacher entered.
You're very quiet, is anything the matter?

Quiz - Noun - A short test that a teacher gives to a class. / A competition or game in
which people have to answer questions.
The teacher gave us a quiz on biology the other day.
Contestants enter by completing an online form and short quiz.

Race - Noun / Verb - A competition in which all the competitors try to be the fastest and
to finish first. / To compete against someone or something in a race​.
Over 80 cars will take part in the race.
My classmate will be racing against some of the country's top athletes.

Receipt - Noun - A piece of paper that you are given which shows that you have paid for
something. Proof of purchase.
Keep your receipt in case you want to bring the item back.
Always get a receipt when you withdraw cash from a machine.

Repair - Verb - To fix something that is damaged or broken. To restore by replacing a part
or putting together what is torn or broken.
I tried to get my watch repaired but I was told that it would be cheaper to buy a new one.
Builders spent several weeks repairing the roof of the library.

Repeat - Verb - To say or write something again. To make, do or perform again.

Could you repeat question number seven, please?
Repeat this exercise 5 times every day and you'll soon lose some weight.

Sail - Verb - To travel on or across an area of water in a boat or ship. To begin a water
voyage.
We're going to sail the Caribbean during the summer vacation.
The first Europeans sailed across the Atlantic in 1519.

Shout - Verb - To say something very loudly, usually when you want to make yourself
heard in noisy situations or when you want to get the attention of someone​.
You don't need to shout. I'm standing right here.
The tourists were shouting and laughing as they walked across the park.

Single - Adjective - Consisting of only one. Unaccompanied by others.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

My favorite baseball team won the game by a single point.
A single tree in the yard is the only thing providing shade from the blazing sun.

Striped - Adjective - Having lines or bands of colour.

We have to wear our school uniform every day, a white shirt and blue striped skirt.
My aunt knitted me a blue and white striped sweater for Christmas.

Take off - Phrasal Verb - To remove a piece of clothing. / If an aircraft rises into the air
from the ground.
We have to take off our shoes when we go inside a temple.
I felt quite excited as the plane took off from Haneda.

Throw - Verb - To send something through the air with force, especially by a sudden
movement of the arm. To put something somewhere carelessly.
I saw some boys excitedly throwing and catching a frisbee on the beach.
Don't just throw your clothes on the floor - pick them up.

Tidy up - Verb - To make a place or a collection of things neat and orderly. To arrange
things in the right place.
We always have to tidy up after using the science lab. We always have to tidy up after using the
science lab.
I was tidying up my bedroom when my phone rang.

Traffic - Noun - The number of vehicles moving along roads, or amount of aircraft, trains,
or ships moving along a route.
There's been a lot more traffic around here since they opened the mall.
I was very lucky, there wasn't much traffic on the road this morning.

Unhappy - Adjective - Sad or not satisfied. Feeling worried or annoyed about a situation.
The staff seemed unhappy about something when I was browsing through the items.
I knew she was unhappy about being left behind this weekend.

University - Noun - An educational institution at the highest level, where you study for a
degree.
Most universities require high school students to take entrance tests if they want to enroll.
Both of my older sisters are at university, one is studying biology and the other is studying
psychology.

Usually - Adverb - Used to talk about what happens on most occasions or in most
situations.
The drive from my house to the school usually takes 15 or 20 minutes.
According to research, women usually live longer than men.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Village - Noun - A group of houses and other buildings that is smaller than a town,
usually in the countryside.
We need to get food aid to the more remote villages during this crisis.
A meeting will be held at the village hall on Tuesday at 9 in the morning.

Violin - Noun - A small wooden musical instrument that you hold under your chin and
play by pulling a bow across the strings.
Born and raised in Tokyo, Komuro started violin lessons at age 3.
I went to my brother's violin recital today. It was wonderful.

Visit - Verb - To go to a place in order to look at it, or to a person in order to spend time
with them.
A recent trip to Seoul gave me the opportunity to visit their National museum.
During spring break, I always visit my grandparents.

Weather - Noun - The conditions in the air above the earth such as wind, rain, or
temperature, especially at a particular time over a particular area​.
Weather patterns have been changing as a result of global warming.
We want to have a picnic on Saturday, but it depends on the weather.

Wild - Adjective - Living in a neutral state, not changed or controlled by people. /

Uncontrolled, violent, or extreme.
Wild strawberries are much smaller than the kind you get in shops.
The children were wild with excitement when they saw the dolphins.

Wonderful - Adjective - Making you feel happy. Extremely good.

We had a wonderful time surfing in Bali last year.
You're very lucky to have such wonderful parents.

Wool - Noun - The soft, thick hair that grows on the bodies of sheep and some other
animals.
It's freezing outside, wear your blue wool coat.
Australia is one of the world's main producers of wool.

Year - Noun - A period of about 365 days or twelve months, especially from 1 January to
31 December.
I met my best friend 7 years ago, we went to the same primary school.
My mother goes on a business trip to China every year.

Zero - Noun - The absence of measurable quantity. None at all, the lowest possible
amount.
Unfortunately, my favorite football team's chances of winning are zero.
The temperature dropped to ten degrees below zero.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris 

Adventure - Noun - An unusual and exciting sometimes dangerous activity. A daring trip
or experience.
As a young man he went off to Africa, looking for an adventure.
My grandfather used to tell us about his adventures as a soldier during the war.

Ambulance - Noun - A special vehicle used to take sick or injured people to the hospital.
Quickly! You have to call an ambulance, someone got into an accident.
The loud siren signalled the arrival of the ambulance.

Alone - Adjective / Adverb - Without other people. Not including anyone or anything else.
My adventurous sister decided to climb the mountain alone.
It appears that my friend got angry and left the party alone.

Along - Preposition - From one part of a road, river, etc. to another. In a line next to
something long.
The room was so dark, I had to feel my way along the wall to the bathroom door.
Cars of different sizes and colors were parked along the road.

Attractive - Adjective - Very pleasing in appearance or sound. Causing interest or

pleasure.
Chris Hemsworth is one of the most attractive people in Hollywood.
I don't usually find abstract paintings attractive.

Beginner - Noun - Someone who has just started to do or learn something.

Beginners need to ski on easier slopes.
As a beginner, she needs a lot of encouragement.

Behind - Adverb / Preposition - At the back or to the far side of something. / In a place
where someone or something was before.
I turned to speak to the person standing behind me.
I was irritated to discover that I'd left my coat behind.

Bridge - Noun - A structure built over a river, road etc. that allows people or vehicles to
cross from one side to the other.
The longest bridge in the world is located in China.
We drove across the bridge late last night to reach the island.

Broken - Adjective - No longer able to work or be damaged. Destroyed or ended.

The camera got broken when we were on holiday.
Be careful of the broken glass on the floor.

Ceiling - Noun - The inside surface of a room that you can see when you look above you.
The overhead inside lining of a room.
The bathroom ceiling needs painting.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

The Sistine Chapel ceiling by Michaelangelo is one of the most famous painted interior spaces
in the world.

Comfortable - Adjective - Something that provides a pleasant feeling and does not give
you any physical problems. Makes you feel relaxed.
The chairs in the classrooms are not comfortable.
We wear comfortable, loose clothing to our exercise class.

Competition - Noun - A situation in which someone is trying to win or to be more

successful than someone else.
There is always a fierce competition between the different teams during sports day.
The swimming competition will be held this weekend.

Contact - Noun / Verb - Communication with someone. People you know whose names
and numbers you keep. /To communicate with someone by calling or sending them a
letter, email, etc.
I stay in contact with my cousins by SNS.
I tried to contact an ambulance when I saw a car crash into a tree.

Decide - Verb - To choose something, especially after thinking carefully about several
possibilities. To make a choice.
After thinking for a couple of weeks, she decided to spend her vacation in South Korea.
I can't decide which bag to buy, both are really pretty.

Digital - Adjective - Using a system in which information is recorded or sent out

electronically in the form of numbers.
I noticed a digital clock in the ceiling as I was going down to the first floor.
You can transfer digital images from your camera to your computer.

Diploma - Noun - A document showing that someone has successfully completed a

course of study. Proof that you graduated.
It's hard to find a job without a highschool or college diploma.
We're graduating next month so we'll be able to receive our diploma.

Discount - Noun - A reduction in the usual price of something.

Students can get a discount on books and magazines.
I paid in cash so the shop offered me a two percent discount.

Envelope - Noun - A flat, usually square or rectangular, paper container for a letter.
I handed in my research paper in a transparent plastic envelope.
She excitedly tore open the envelope and frantically read the letter.

Event - Noun - Anything that happens, especially something important or unusual. A

performance or party at which people gather together to watch or take part in something.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

The school raises money by organizing fundraising events.
We have a family event this weekend, I'm excited to see my cousin whom I haven't seen for
almost two years.

Exactly - Adverb - Used when you are giving or asking for information that is completely
correct. Used to emphasize what you are saying.
It took us exactly two hours to get to the temple.
What exactly do you mean by that?

Experience - Noun - The process of getting knowledge or skill from doing, seeing, or
feeling things. Something that happens to you that affects how you feel.
Have you had any previous experience as a cook?
A tour of Switzerland is a once-in-a-lifetime experience.

Festival - Noun - An organized set of special events, such as musical performances.

I first heard my favorite band play at the Fuji rock festival.
Mardi Gras, a yearly festival held in New Orleans, is one of the famous events in the world.

Flat - Noun - A set of rooms for living in that are part of a larger building and are usually
all on one floor.
The building was knocked down to make way for a block of flats.
My sister and I are planning to stay in London for a month so I am looking for a two-bedroom flat
in the downtown area.

Foreign - Adjective - Belonging to or connected to a country that is not your own.

Situated outside a place or country.
How many foreign languages can you speak?
Luckily, some of the shops around here accept foriegn currencies.

Frightened - Adjective - Feeling fear or worry. Made to feel afraid.

A lot of people are frightened of dentists, including me.
I was frightened when the dog started barking loudly.

Goal - Noun - An aim or purpose. Something that you hope to achieve in the future.
My goal is to travel around the world and not worry about anything.
The goal of this activity is to build teamwork among the participants.

Golden - Adjective - Made of gold. Having a bright yellow colour like gold.
Angels are often depicted with golden or white wings.
Bake in a preheated oven for 40 minutes until golden.

Grilled - Adjective - (of food) cooked over fire or hot coals, usually on a metal frame.
Cooked under a very hot surface in a cooker.
I tried a swordfish grilled over charcoal when we went camping over the weekend.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Do you want your fish pan-fried or grilled?

Guide - Noun - Something that provides information and helps you form an opinion or
make a decision. A book that gives you the most important information about a particular
subject.
The book is an extremely useful guide to making a computer program.
The tests are a rough guide to a student's progress.

Headteacher - Noun - Someone who is in charge of a school. A principal.

The headteacher asked to see my parents at school.
Our new headteacher arrived this morning and informed us about some changes in the school
policies.

History - Noun - All the things that happened in the past, especially the political, social,
or economic development of a nation.
As part of our school trip, we visited a museum devoted to local history.
Could I borrow your book about the Egyptian history?

Horror - Adjective - Inspiring or creating fear, shock, loathing or aversion. Centered on

depicting terrifying events.
I'm never gonna watch a horror movie ever again!
The crowd listened intently as the actor told a horror story.

However - Adverb - Used when adding a fact or piece of information that seems
surprising, or seems very different from what you have just said.
I like that dress, however it comes in only one color.
As part of the activity, you have to find the next clue, however, you only have 10 minutes to do
it.

Identification - Noun - The act of recognizing and naming someone or something. An

official document that shows or proves who you are.
Participants attending the conference will need to bring with them some form of identification.
One part of the practical test we had for Anatomy is the identification of different cells.

Include - Verb - To contain something as part of something else. To make someone or

something part of a larger group or set.
Would it be possible to include my name on the team sheet?
Our tour party included several young families.

Insect - Noun - A type of very small animal with six legs, a body divided into three parts
and usually two pairs of wings.
Large numbers of insect species are becoming extinct.
Insects were buzzing around our heads as we walked through the forest.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Instructions - Noun (plural) - A statement telling someone what they must do. Information
about how to do, make, or use something.
You should follow the instructions on the packet.
The teacher gave us instructions on how to use this new software.

Join - Verb - To get involved in an activity or journey with another person or group. / To
connect or fasten things together.
Five new members are expected to join our glee club next week.
To complete the set, join the two pieces of wood with strong glue.

Jumper - Noun - A piece of clothing with long sleeves that is usually made from wool, is
worn on the upper part of the body and does not open at the front.
It's very cold today so I put my favorite jumper on. It's very cold today, so I put my favorite
jumper on.
Do you have a medium-sized red jumper?

Jump - Verb - To push yourself suddenly off the ground and into the air using your legs.
To rise suddenly or quickly.
My cat always jumps up onto the table when I'm trying to do my homework.
We were jumping up and down when our school's football team scored.

Kick - Verb - To hit something or someone with the foot. To move the feet and legs
suddenly and violently.
Who kicked the ball over the fence?
I kicked off my shoes as soon as we arrived at the cabin.

King - Noun - A male ruler of a country, who holds this position because of his royal
birth.
It shocked the nation when the king abdicated last year.
Prince Charles will become king when his mother, Queen Elizabeth, dies.

Knife - Noun - A metal blade fixed into a handle, used for cutting or as a weapon.
Be careful using that knife - it's very sharp.
Every chef has his own set of kitchen knives.

Lend - Verb - To let someone borrow money or something that belongs to you for a short
time. To give something to someone expecting it to be given back.
I lent my pen to someone, but I can't remember who it was now.
The clinic has agreed to lend us a wheelchair for our play.

Length - Noun - The measurement of how long something is from one end to the other.
The longer or longest dimension of an object.
Oarfish can grow to a length of 36 meters. It is the world's longest fish.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

To answer the math problem posted by the teacher, we have to measure the length and width of
the classroom.

List - Noun - A set of names, numbers, etc., usually written one below the other. A simple
series of words or numerals.
In order to manage your time well, make a list of all the things you have to do.
Oh no, I forgot to bring my shopping list with me.

Luggage - Noun - The cases, bags that you carry when you are travelling. Suitcases for a
traveler's belongings.
I deposited my luggage in a coin locker at the train station.
Most airlines only allow 7 kilos for carry-on luggage.

Main course - Noun - The largest or most important part of a meal in which there are
different parts served separately.
What are you going to have for your main course?
Breakfast is a buffet, and guests are offered a choice of main course at dinner.

Mean - Verb - To have or represent a particular meaning. To express something such as

an idea, thought, or fact.
If the red light is blinking, it means you need to change the batteries.
You have to remember what all those road signs mean if you want to pass the test.

Might - Modal Verb - There is a possibility that it may happen or may be true, but you are
not at all certain. / Used when reporting what someone has said, asked, etc.
Anne is still not here, she might have missed the train.
I bought you some cookies because I thought you might be hungry.

Motorway - Noun - A very wide road for travelling fast over long distances, especially
between cities. An expressway designed for high-speed traffic.
The speed limit on motorways is 70 mph.
A new motorway service station has been opened to encourage drivers to take a break.

Nature - Noun - Everything in the physical world that is not controlled by humans, such
as wild plants and animals, earth and rocks, and the weather.
I grew up in the countryside, surrounded by the beauty of nature.
The inhabitants of the island fight a constant battle against the forces of nature.

News - Noun - Information or reports about recent events. A material reported in a

newspaper or on a newscast.
The bad news is that our flight is delayed for two hours due to the poor weather condition.
Since the news broke about the virus, hundreds of people started buying masks in bulk.

Nobody - Pronoun - No one, not anyone or anybody.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

I took an English test the day before yesterday and when the two hours were up nobody was
able to answer all the questions.
We were having a discussion in class and at one point nobody agreed with my opinion.

Nothing - Pronoun - Not anything or no thing. Something which is considered

unimportant, not interesting, or not worth worrying about.
I promise to say nothing about your secret to anyone.
There's nothing on television tonight.

Once - Adverb - On one occasion only, or one single time. / At some time in the past, but
not now.
The headteacher came to our classroom once to observe our lesson.
We had once had several dogs and cats, we can't have them now because my younger brother
is allergic.

Online - Adjective / Adverb - Connected to other computers through the Internet, or

available through the Internet. Directly connected to or controlled by a computer.
We can now check our homework online, the teacher will post them after school.
Online shopping is very convenient, just click the product you want and it will be delivered to
you.

Opposite - Preposition - In a position facing someone or something but on the other side.
Across from one another.
There's a huge glass building opposite the train station.
The people sitting opposite us look very familiar, we might have met them somewhere.

Pale - Adjective - Used to describe a person's face or skin if it has less colour than usual
or whiter than usual. / Colour that is not bright or strong.
You're looking pale, are you feeling alright?
The classroom is painted with pale blue, it's cool and soothing to the eyes.

Perfume - Noun - A liquid with a pleasant smell, usually made from oils taken from
flowers or spices and often used on the skin. A pleasant natural smell.
Jody sprayed herself with some of her mother's perfume.
I really love using the perfumes created by Taylor Swift, luckily my mother got me a whole set
last week.

Pleasant - Adjective - Enjoyable, attractive, friendly, and easy to like. Something that
makes you feel happy.
Most of the students here are extremely pleasant and keen to learn.
To my pleasant surprise, I was chosen to represent our class in the upcoming talent show.

Print - Verb - To produce writing or images on paper or other material with a machine.
Could you help me with the printer? It's switched on but it won't print.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

I'm going to submit an essay I made to the school newspaper, I hope they print it.

Question - Noun - A sentence or phrase that is used to ask for information. In an exam, a
problem that tests a person's knowledge or ability.
The survey from the senior students included questions on daily habits and interests.
Some of the questions in the last section of the exam were very difficult.

Quick - Adjective - Happening or done with great speed. Lasting for or taking only a short
time.
What's the quickest way to get to the station?
We stopped to have a quick look at the cathedral, a famous tourist spot in that area.

Railway - Noun - The metal tracks on which trains run. A system of tracks, stations or
trains.
The two cities have been connected by the railway built by the first ever president.
The first railway steam locomotive was built in the United Kingdom in 1804.

Receptionist - Noun - Someone whose job is to welcome and deal with people arriving in
a hotel or office building. Someone who helps visitors and answers the phone.
The receptionist answered my call when I tried ringing my doctor to make an appointment.
There's a lot of foreign tourists visiting the country all year round who expect hotel receptionists
to be fluent in English.

Remember - Verb - To be able to bring back a piece of information into your mind, or
keep a piece of information in your memory. To not forget something that you must do,
get, or bring.
I remember my father bringing home a huge Christmas tree, we had a hard time taking it inside
the house.
Remember to bring your P.E. clothes to school tomorrow.

Roundabout - Noun - A raised circular area where three or more roads join together and
which cars must drive around. / A flat, round piece of equipment in play areas on which
children sit or stand and are pushed round and round.
A car accident happened in front of the old museum, near the Warren Lane roundabout.
There's a roundabout in the park and it's very popular with children.

Scared - Adjective - Frightened or nervous of something. Thrown into or being in a state

of fear, fright, or panic.
At first, I was really scared when we went up the Skyjump. It was so high.
I hate reading out my work in class - I'm scared that people are going to laugh at me.

Several - Determiner / Pronoun - A number of people or things that are more than a few,
but not a lot. More than two but fewer than many.
I am a huge fan of the Avengers, I've seen the latest movie several times.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

We had to wait for several weeks before the results of our tests were posted.

Strange - Adjective - Different from what is usual, ordinary, or expected especially in a

way that is difficult to explain or understand. / Not familiar.
I had a strange feeling that I'd been there before.
Beth was lost and all alone in a strange city.

Suggest - Verb (+ing) - To mention an idea, possible plan, or action for other people to
consider. To mention or imply as a possibility.
It was a sunny morning, my brother suggested a trip to the beach.
The zoo asked its visitors to suggest a name for the new baby panda.

Teach - Verb - To give someone knowledge or to train someone. To give lessons in a

school, college, or university.
Do you remember Mr. Palmer? He used to teach us history in primary school.
I've always wanted to learn to ski - could you teach me?

Theatre - Noun - A building or place with a stage where plays and shows are performed. /
Plays as a form of entertainment.
I have always wanted to visit Globe Theatre, it's a theatre associated with William Shakespeare.
A friend of mine enjoys theatre and literature, his favorite play is Hamlet.

Thunderstorm - Noun - A storm with lightning and thunder and usually heavy rain.
There was a spectacular thunderstorm last night that kept me awake.
Around 3 in the afternoon, the dark clouds of the thunderstorm rolled in.

Transport - Noun - The movement of people or goods from one place to another. The
process of taking goods from one place to another.
It's easier to go around the city if you have your own transport.
Before cars and trains, horses were the only means of transport.

Underground - Noun / Adjective - Below the surface of the earth, below the ground.
I hope the city will soon build more underground trains, they are more convenient.
Most houses nowadays are built with underground garages in order to save space.

Uniform - Noun - A particular set of clothes that has to be worn by the members of the
same organization or group of people.
We are still required to wear our school uniform even when we are on a field trip.
During the concert, I saw a lot of guards wearing the same uniform walking around the area.

Unusual - Adjective - Different from others of the same type in a way that is surprising,
interesting, or attractive. Not common or normal.
She has an unusual family name - Peachtree or Plumtree or something like that.
That dress is eye-catching, the color and pattern are unusual.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Upset - Adjective - Worried, unhappy, or angry because something unpleasant or
disappointing has happened. Emotionally disturbed or agitated.
I think Daniel is still upset that we forgot his birthday.
Don't be upset I'm sure she didn't mean to say those things.

Versus - Preposition - Used to say that one team or person is competing against another.
/ Used when comparing the advantages of two different things.
Yesterday in the semi-final we saw New York Knicks versus LA Lakers.
We had to discuss as class the advantages of private education versus state education.

Very - Adverb - Used to emphasize an adjective, adverb, or phrase to a great degree or

extremely.
The first student council meeting is very important so be on time.
Wow! This cheesecake is very delicious.

View - Noun - An opinion, belief, or idea, or a way of thinking about something. / What
you can see from a particular place, or the ability to see from a particular place.
The teacher asked us to write our views regarding the pandemic.
The room that I stayed in has a nice view of the ocean.

Wardrobe - Noun - A tall cupboard in which you hang your clothes. A room or closet
where clothes are kept. / The clothes that someone has.
Aside from the bed, the only furniture in the bedroom is a large dark wood wardrobe.
When you're living in Southeast Asia, you don't have to change your wardrobe every season.

Whole - Adjective / Noun - Complete or not divided. All of something.

I was so frightened by the sudden noise, my whole body was shaking.
My friend and I spent the whole day shopping at the newly-opened shopping mall near here.

Without - Preposition - Not having or doing something, or lacking something. To indicate

the absence of something.
After the storm, we were without electricity for four days.
I was able to finish writing my research paper without any difficulties.

Wooden - Adjective - Made or consisting of wood. / Not showing enough expression,

emotion, or movement.
The entrance to the tunnel was a low wooden door.
Doctor Harvey seems very wooden during his lectures.

Yet - Adverb - Still, until the present time. Used to introduce a fact, situation, or quality
that is surprising after what you have just said.
Have you finished writing a review for the movie?' 'Not yet.'
She does not speak our language and yet she seems to understand what we say.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Young - Adjective - Having lived or existed for only a short time and not old. Being in the
first or early stage of growth, youthful.
We used to go camping a lot when I was young.
Young people nowadays have totally different interests and culture compared to when their
parents were young.

Zoo - Noun - An area in which animals, especially wild animals, are kept so that people
can go and look at them or study them.
Some people buy rare or difficult to keep animals as pets and donate them to zoos.
We enjoyed our trip to the zoo yesterday, we saw different types of wild animals there.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Advert / Advertisement - Noun - A picture, short film, song etc. that tries to persuade
people to buy a product or service. It is used to promote a product.
The magazine is full of advertisements for beauty products.
This morning, I saw an advertisement for a beach resort in Bali.

Allow - Verb - To let someone do or have something. To give permission.

We do not allow students to use their mobile phones in the library.
The teacher reprimanded him because the school does not allow eating in the classrooms.

Appointment - Noun - An arrangement for a meeting at an agreed time and place. A

meeting that is scheduled ahead of time.
I have a terrible headache, I'd like to make an appointment to see the doctor.
Unfortunately, Emily was 10 minutes late for her appointment because of the traffic jam.

Available - Adjective - Something that can be easily bought or found. (of a person) free to
do something.
There's no room for more books - we've used up all the available space.
If you are available this weekend, we can go hiking.

Awful - Adjective - Very bad or unpleasant; ugly

The weather was pretty awful the day before yesterday.
I felt awful not being able to help my friend.

Believe - Verb - To think that something is true, correct or real.

Some people believe that creatures from other planets are living among us.
I firmly believe that we are responsible for what happens to us in our lives.

Belong - Verb - To be in the right place or a suitable place. To feel happy or comfortable
in a situation.
Although she's new to the school, we would like her to feel that she belongs.
I think these plates belong in the other cupboard.

Biology - Noun - The scientific study of living things. A natural science that studies life
and living organisms.
We had to dissect a worm and a frog in our biology class this morning.
My aunt has a degree in biology.

Bother - Verb - To make the effort to do something. / To annoy or cause problems for
someone.
He didn't bother to answer the question so the coach got annoyed.
The noise from the machine was beginning to bother us so we went to another classroom.

Borrow - Verb - To use something that belongs to someone elses and that you must give
back to them later.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

You are allowed to borrow five books from the library at a time.
Can I borrow your laptop? I'll return it in a couple of hours.

Certainly - Adverb - To emphasize something and show that there is no doubt about it. To
agree or give permission.
Flying is certainly the fastest way of getting to the city but it's not the cheapest.
Can I come along?' 'Certainly.'

Colleague - Noun - Someone you work with. One of a group of people who work together.
I discussed the idea with some of my colleagues.
Please read this memo carefully and hand it on to your colleagues.

Crowded - Adjective - Too full of people or things.

Unfortunately, when I got to the station the train was already crowded, so I had to stand.
I was surprised when I saw my friend's room crowded with different types of plants.

Customer - Noun - Someone who buys goods or services from a shop or company.
I am a regular customer of the small bookstore located around the corner.
Customers were lining up in front of the shop waiting for it to open.

Daily - Adjective / Adverb - Happening or done every day. Made or issued every day.
Happening or done every day. Made or issued every day.
I have to exercise daily if I want to join the varsity team.
My father read the morning newspaper daily.

Describe - Verb - To say what something or someone is like by giving details about them.
To give an account of in words.
In our English class, we were asked to describe the painting in detail.
The police asked her to describe the person who snatched her bag.

Discuss - Verb - To talk about a subject with someone and tell each other your ideas or
opinions. To present in detail for examination or consideration.
If you would like to discuss the matter further, please call me.
Late last night, my friend called me to discuss our school project.

During - Preposition - From the beginning to the end of a period of time. / At some point
in a period of time.
During the summer I worked as a lifeguard in one of the famous beaches around here.
I mentioned the effects of technology to the environment during our class discussion.

Equipment - Noun - A set of necessary tools, clothing, etc. for a particular purpose.
Machines you need for a particular job.
Making some furniture as a school project requires the right equipment.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

All the camping equipment is in the garage.

Especially - Adverb - More than usual or more than other people or things. To emphasize
that something is more important.
I never liked long walks especially in winter.
I was especially fond of chocolate biscuits.

Explain - Verb - To tell someone about something in a way that is clear and easy to
understand. To give a reason for something.
We listened carefully while the teacher explained the history of the island.
I'll explain why I don't believe your story.

Explore - Verb - To search and discover. To think and talk about something in order to
find out more about it.
On our field trip, we explored the countryside on foot.
To answer these questions, we first have to explore the different features of the planets.

Finally - Adverb - After a long time or some difficulty. / Used to introduce the last in a
series of things or actions.
After searching for several days, I finally found a shop that rents medieval costumes.
First, add baking powder and a cup of sugar to the flour. Then, add 2 eggs, finally add one and
a half cups of milk.

Foggy - Adjective - A weather condition in which very small drops of water come together
to form thick clouds close to the land or sea ocean, making it difficult to see.
It was a foggy, chilly day, without sunshine so we couldn't see where we were going.
My father told us to hurry back home after school because it might get foggy later.

Further - Adjective - At a greater distance or more advanced point. More or additional.

For further information, contact the helpline indicated below, thank you.
I'm tired walking up these steps, the famous shrine is much further than I remembered.

Future - Noun - A period of time that is to come. What is going to happen.

One of the main issues today is the future of young people considering global warming and
climate change.
It's highly possible that we will have flying cars in the future.

Geography - Noun - The study of the systems and processes involved in the world's
weather, mountains, seas, lakes, etc. and of the ways in which countries and people
organize life within an area.
It is a remote country with difficult communications, climate and geography.
I find that a lot of young people today are interested in world events and geography.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Guess - Verb - To try to answer a question or form an opinion when you are not sure
whether you will be correct. When you do not have all the facts and cannot be certain of
the answer.
Luckily, I guessed the right answer and won the prize!
Guess how much I paid for this watch!

Guest - Noun - Someone who is invited to an event or special occasion. A person to

whom hospitality is extended.
Among the invited guests at my sister's wedding were a popular band and a famous comedian.
We are expecting some guests this evening so I have to go back home right after the music
class.

Harbour - Noun - An area of water next to the coast, often protected from the sea by a
thick wall, where ships and boats can shelter.
The view of the bridge, the harbour and the Sydney Opera House is really wonderful.
Large numbers of expensive yachts were at the harbour near Murmansk.

Health - Noun- The condition of the body and the degree to which it is free from illness,
or the state of being well. The condition of being sound in body, mind, or spirit.
Pollution in the atmosphere causes serious health problems for many people.
According to a famous quote, health is more important than money.

Horrible - Adjective - Very unpleasant or bad. Very shocking or frightening.

The food looked horrible, but to my surprise it actually tasted okay.
We went on a holiday last week but unfortunately the weather had been really horrible.

Hurry - Verb - To move or do things more quickly than normal or to make someone do
this because there is not much time. To carry or cause to go with haste.
There's no need to hurry, we've got plenty of time before the performance.
We hurried down the corridor so we wouldn't miss our second class. We hurried down the
corridor, so we wouldn't miss our second class.

Immediately - Adverb - Now or without waiting or thinking. Without delay or at once.

After lunchtime, I immediately went to the library to finish my homework.
If you have a fever and a severe headache, you have to see a doctor immediately.

Indoor - Adjective - Happening, used, or existing inside a building.

Our school has a heated indoor swimming pool.
A lot of people are staying indoors because of the lockdown.

Instead - Adverb - In place of something or someone else, an alternative. As a substitute

or equivalent.
We were planning to go to the park but it suddenly started raining so we went to a movie
instead.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

You should talk to your teacher instead of just complaining to me about it.

Invitation - Noun - A written or spoken request to someone, inviting them to go

somewhere or do something. An often formal request to be present or participate.
As I expected, Mary accepted my invitation to speak at a seminar for the first year students.
I don't know why Allan turned down our invitation to dinner.

Jewellery - Noun - Decorative objects worn on your clothes or body that are usually made
from valuable metals, such as gold and silver, and precious stones.
After the party, some of my aunt's jewellery has gone missing.
There's a new jewellery shop down the street, we should go and check it out.

Journalist - Noun - A person who writes news stories or articles for a newspaper or
magazine or broadcasts them on radio or television.
Kate Adie is a well-known English journalist who reported about many war zones around the
world.
An experienced journalist has a sense of what is likely to be relevant about a story.

Jeans - Noun (plural) - Trousers made of denim that are worn informally.
It is against the school rules to wear jeans inside the campus.
I pulled on a pair of jeans and sweatshirt and dashed down the stairs.

Kilometre - Noun - A unit for measuring distance, equal to 1000 metres.

I don't think I can join the 21-kilometre marathon, my right knee hurts.
According to the map we are 10 kilometers away from the castle.

Kilogramme - Noun - A unit for measuring weight, equal to 1000 grams.

I just came from the market, I bought two kilograms of grapes.
The largest crab on record was a Japanese spider crab, which weighed 18 kilogrammes.

Kit - Noun - A set of tools, equipment, etc. that you use for a particular purpose or
activity. A collection of articles usually for personal use.
I always carry my make-up kit with me wherever I go.
The teacher told us to put on our gym kit and go to the football field.

Know - Verb - To have information about something. To be sure about something.

Why don't you ask Alex? He knows a lot about computers.
Everyone knew immediately how serious the situation was so they started doing all they could
to help.

Least - Adverb - Less than anything or anyone else. In the smallest or lowest degree.
It is quite amazing what turns up when you are least expecting it.
I was the least experienced member of the school's baseball team.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Licence - Noun - An official document giving you permission to own or do something for
a period of time, usually after you have paid money and/or taken a test.
If you want to become a lawyer, you have to pass the bar exam to get a licence.
New private pilots must fly for at least fifty hours before getting their licences.

Local - Adjective - From, existing in, serving, or responsible for a small area, especially of
a country. Relating to a particular area you live in, or the area you are talking about.
Volunteers go around local schools helping children with their reading problems.
You can find all these books in your local library.

Lorry - Noun - A large vehicle for carrying heavy goods. A truck.

Heavier traffic flows caused by lorries on bridges and roads added to the local drivers' problems.
From the huge warehouse, a fleet of trucks came out heading in different directions.

Memory - Noun - The ability to remember information, experiences, and people. /

Something that you remember from the past.
We watched in awe as Yiruma, a famous Korean pianist , played the whole piece from memory.
My earliest memory is of being bitten by a dog that's why I am scared of them until now.

Midday - Noun - The middle of the day, at or around 12 o'clock.

The burning midday sun is making me feel drained and exhausted.
At midday Howard arrived for lunch together with a few of his friends.

Musical - Adjective - Related to or connected with music. Having a pleasant sound like
music. Good or interested in playing or singing music.
The other day, a friend gave me a couple of tickets for a musical performance to be held in the
city's concert hall.
A lot of people think that Anna has a sweet musical voice, perfect for playing the role of
Eponine.

Must - Modal Verb - To have to do something because it is necessary or important, or

because of law or order. To be obliged or to be required by law or custom.
The flight attendant is telling all passengers must wear seat belts as a safety precaution.
For this collaboration to work, we must all work together and do our best.

Nationality - Noun - The state of being legally a citizen of a particular country. / A large
group of people with the same race, origin, language, etc.
The application form asks you to state your name, age, and nationality.
Best Western hotels around the world are patronised by many different nationalities.

Notice - Noun - A written or printed statement that gives information or warning to

people. An announcement on boards or posters.
The notice on the bulletin board said everyone is welcome to apply for the spelling bee contest.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

I'll put up a notice about the talent show we are having next week.

North - Noun / Adjective - The direction that is at the top of a map of the world, above the
Equator. It is on the left if you are facing the rising sun.
The biting wind is blowing from the north.
Four tornados had just taken off - heading towards the North Sea.

Occupation - Noun - A job or profession. An activity in which one engages.

Plumbing and carpentry are highly skilled occupations.
Young people need help with choosing a suitable occupation.

Of course (not) - Adverb - Used to say yes or to give someone permission to do

something. Used to show that what you are saying is obvious or already known.
Can I ring you back in a minute?' 'Yes, of course.'
We arrived twenty minutes late at the concert hall so, of course, we couldn't find any vacant
seats.

Opera - Noun - A musical play in which all of the words are sung. These plays are
considered as a form of art.
I feel sleepy every time I watch an opera.
Have you ever heard this opera sung in Italian?

Opinion - Noun - Your ideas or beliefs about a particular subject. A view, judgment
formed in the mind about a particular matter.
At the beginning of this year, we asked people for their opinions about the postponement of the
Olympics.
How much do television and social media influence the public's opinion?

Paragraph - Noun - Part of a piece of writing which starts on a new line and contains at
least one sentence. It usually deals with a single event, description, idea, etc.
I'm on the last paragraph of my essay, I might need another 30 minutes to finish it up.
The following paragraphs talks about the different theories of evolution.

Passenger - Noun - Someone who is travelling in a car, plane, boat, etc. but is not driving
it or working on it. A traveler in a public or private vehicle.
At least 1000 passengers were stranded at the airport because of the storm.
There was an accident in front of the school this morning, fortunately neither the driver nor the
passengers were hurt.

Perhaps - Adverb - Used to show that something is possible or that you are not certain
about something. Something open to doubt.
Perhaps it will be warmer tomorrow and we can go to the beach.
My family has been planning to go on a holiday in South America, perhaps Peru or Brazil.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Pharmacy - Noun - A shop or a part of a shop in which medicines are prepared and sold.
The place where medicines are prepared in a hospital.
Excuse me, could you tell me where the nearest pharmacy is?
The doctor told me to take this prescription to the pharmacy.

Quarter - Noun - One of four equal parts into which something can be divided. A fourth
part.
The article that the teacher assigned me to read is about two and a quarter pages long.
Cut the sandwiches into quarters, then serve them to the guests.

Quite - Adverb - Used to emphasize the degree or amount of something, or to say that
someone or something is impressive, interesting, or unusual.
For others, climbing to the summit of Mt. Everest is quite impossible.
It took me quite a long time to answer all the questions.

Reason - Noun - The cause of an event or situation or something that provides an excuse
or explanation. Why something happens, or why someone does something.
There are various possible reasons for climate change.
I'd like to know the reason why the item I ordered last month hasn't arrived yet.

Receive - Verb - To get or be given something. To come into possession of something.

You will receive your diploma in two weeks. Congratulations!
According to the news, three firefighters received minor injuries while fighting the blaze last
night.

Refrigerator - Noun - A large piece of electrical kitchen equipment, shaped like a

cupboard, used for keeping food and drink cool.
I told you to put the bread in the refrigerator to keep it fresh.
There's a lot of strange noises coming from the refrigerator, maybe it's broken.

Rubbish - (uncountable) Noun - Waste material or things that are no longer wanted or
needed. / Something that you think is very low quality or not true.
I've got so much rubbish on my desk it's unbelievable.
I don't know why you are watching that film, it's a load of old rubbish.

Seem - Verb - To give the impression of being something or having a particular quality.
To be judged to be.
It seems that someone forgot to lock the door.
The tennis coach didn't seem very pleased when two players decided not to join the
competition.

Shame - Noun - Something that is disappointing or not satisfactory. / The feeling you
have when you feel guilty and embarrassed because you, or someone who is close to
you have done something wrong.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

I felt a pang of shame at telling my mother a lie about my grades.
I bow my head in shame when I think of how I made a lot of mistakes during our school
performance.

Spare - Adjective - Something that is available because it is not being used or not needed
at the present time. Something that is extra.
We've got a spare sleeping bag that you can borrow if you want to join our camping trip.
Are there any spare chairs we can borrow? We need at least 8 more.

Suddenly - Adverb - Happening quickly and unexpectedly. Marked by abruptness or

haste.
Suddenly, there was a loud bang and all the lights went out.
After arriving at the school, I suddenly realized that I left my school project which is due today.

Suppose - Verb - To think that something is likely to be true. To assume something is

probable but lack proof or certain knowledge.
I suppose we have no choice but to submit a proposal for the improvement of the school's
cafeteria.
John was supposed to be the one giving the opening speech.

Terrible - Adjective - Extremely severe in a way that causes harm or damage. Something
of very poor quality, unpleasant, or unattractive.
It's such a terrible programme! How can you watch it?
After staying out in the sun for too long, I am now suffering from a terrible headache.

Through - Preposition - From one end or side of something to the other. Cutting or
breaking something, or making a hole from one side of it to the other.
They were suddenly plunged into darkness as the train went through a tunnel.
We were taking a test when a football came crashing through the window.

Together - Adverb - With or in proximity to another person or people. To be into one

place or group.
We have been working together to finish the script for the past three days.
Each year the whole family spends Christmas together.

Twice - Adverb - Two times, in doubled quantity or degree. On two occasions.

You should read the exam question twice over before answering it.
Seoul, the capital of South Korea is twice as big as the capital of North Korea.

Understand - Verb - To know the meaning of what someone is telling you, or the
language that they speak. To realize how something works through learning or
experience.
Doug asked the science teacher a few questions to make sure he understood what to do.
Doctors still do not fully understand the process by which the disease is transmitted.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Unfortunately - Adverb - Used when you are mentioning a fact that you wish was not true.
Used to say that something is sad, disappointing, or has a bad effect.
We took some fantastic photos, but unfortunately we lost the camera.
Unfortunately the train has been delayed, we have to wait for another hour.

Until - Preposition - Used to indicate the continuance of an action or condition to a

specified time. Up to a certain point in time.
The discount coupon that I got is valid until the end of next month.
Anthony waited until the headteacher had finished speaking before asking several questions.

Useful - Adjective - Something that is effective, helping you to do or get what you want.
Something valuable or productive.
I read somewhere that a group of researchers are working to develop technology that is useful
to farmers.
Keeping lists of the words you learn is a useful way of remembering vocabulary.

Variety - Noun - The differences within a group, set of actions that make it interesting.
The characteristic of often changing and being different.
The doctor encouraged me to increase the variety of food that I eat.
The Amazon rainforest has a rich variety of plants and animals growing and living there.

Various - Adjective - Several types of a thing. Having a number of different kinds, aspects
or characteristics.
The newly-released bag is available in various colors.
I had to sign various forms and documents before I was able to open a bank account.

Vocabulary - Noun - All the words in a particular language or all the words that someone
knows or uses.
English has the largest vocabulary of any language.
Naomi has been reading books and news articles to increase her vocabulary.

Well-known - Adjective - Known or recognized by a lot of people. Widely or generally

known.
Mr. Bean is a well-known character, beloved by fans around the world.
Mr. Trump is well-known for his controversial tweets and extreme political views.

While - Conjunction - During the time that something is happening. At the same time;
meanwhile.
While we were on a holiday, my bag was stolen.
Would you look after what I'm cooking while I'll go and check the laundry?

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Worried - Adjective - Unhappy because you keep thinking about a problem, or about
something bad that might happen. Showing concern or anxiety about what might
happen.
A lot of people are worried about losing their jobs because of the pandemic.
We are worried we can't finish gathering data for our paper before the deadline.

Writer - Noun - Someone who writes books, stories, etc. especially as a job. An author.
J.K. Rowling is a writer best-known for her Harry Potter series.
Do you have any books by modern American writers?

Yesterday - Adverb - On or during the day before today. On the day preceding today.
I visited my grandmother at the hospital yesterday.
The item I ordered on Amazon arrived yesterday.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Achieve - verb - to succeed in doing or having what you planned or intended, usually
after a lot of effort
We have achieved what we set out to do.
His paintings did not achieve the popularity of his books.

Actress - noun - a woman who performs in plays and films, especially as her job.
She is such a great actress. I saw all of her movies!
As an actress, she knows how to play her role.

Admire - verb - to have a feeling of great respect for someone or something

I’ve always admired her dedication and commitment.
He was loved and admired by all of us.

Afford - verb - If you can afford something, you have enough money to be able to pay for
it.
I’m not sure how they are able to afford such expensive holidays.
We need a bigger house, but we just can’t afford the rent.

Always - adverb - on every occasion

I always get the eight o’clock train.
My mother and I do not always agree.

Bake - verb - to make bread, cakes etc using an oven

I’m baking a cake for Jack's birthday.
Grandma always baked on Saturday.

Balloon - noun - a small coloured bag of thin rubber that you fill with air, used as a child’s
toy or a decoration.
Wow, I haven't seen such a big balloon in years.
One of my dreams is to fly in a balloon.

Beautiful - adjective - a beautiful person is extremely attractive

What a beautiful baby!
Their mother was a very beautiful woman.

Bird - noun - an animal covered in feathers, with two wings for flying and a hard pointed
mouth
Did you see that bird? He was flying so fast!
Those birds are building a nest! How nice.

Boil - verb - if a liquid boils, or if you boil it, it becomes so hot that there are bubbles in it
and it starts to become a gas
When the water boils, add the rice.
Boil some milk in a pan.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Cake - noun - a sweet food made by baking a mixture that usually contains sugar, eggs,
flour, and butter or oil
I love to eat a chocolate cake. It is so sweet.
Did you see that? He threw that cake right in his face!

Casual - adjective - “to be relaxed and informal"

The bar has a casual low-key atmosphere.
The interview took place around the kitchen table and was very casual.

Celebration - noun - a party or special event at which you celebrate something such as a
birthday or a religious holiday
The whole family came for our anniversary celebration.
The town’s centennial celebrations will begin with a parade.

Clown - noun - a performer in a circus who wears funny clothes and makes people laugh
by doing silly things
I love clowns and acrobats. That is why I always go to the circus.
That clown made me laugh so hard that I almost fainted!

Collect - verb - to get things and keep them together for a particular reason
A lot of families collect newspapers for recycling.
He collects all kinds of toys from the 1980's.

Danger - noun - a situation in which harm, death, damage, or destruction is possible

The notice said ‘Danger! Keep Out!’
You must leave immediately. You’re in great danger here.

Describe - verb - to give details about what someone or something is like

I don’t think that’s quite the word to describe my feelings.
The email system is fully described in section 10.

Develop - verb - if people, animals, or plants develop, they change or grow as they get
older
All children develop at different rates.
Fine white roots develop from the nodes on the stems.

Disappointing - adjective - not as good as you had hoped for or expected

This year’s sales figures were very disappointing.
That play was so disappointing.

Dull - adjective - boring, or not interesting

Life in a small village can be very dull.
It was such a dull lecture

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Ear - noun - one of the two parts at the sides of your head that you hear with
He whispered something in her ear.
Dumbo was so funny, especially his big ears.

Electric - adjective - "working by electricity / used for carrying electricity"

Are those houses really without electric light?
I have problems with my electric socket! Something is stuck there.

Elephant - noun - a very large wild animal that lives in Africa and Asia or in a zoo
That elephant is so beautiful and huge!
Elephants when upset can be very dangerous.

Escape - verb - to get away from a place where you are in danger
Three people died in the fire, but John escaped through the bedroom window.
His family escaped from Germany and arrived in Britain in 1938.

Everyone - pronoun - every person in a group

Happy New Year, everyone!
Everyone is thrilled about Jean’s baby.

Exact - adverb - used for emphasizing that you are referring to one particular thing and
no other
She led rescuers to the exact spot where the injured climber was lying.
It was a meeting some time in June: I can’t remember the exact date.

Fact - noun - a piece of true information

The story is based on historical fact.
Jack does not yet seem to have learned the difference between fact and fiction.

Famous - adjective - if someone or something is famous, a lot of people know their name
or have heard about them
Brad Pitt is such a famous actor!
Not everybody can be rich and famous.

Fear - noun - the feeling that you have when you are frightened
Edward knew it was dangerous, but he felt no fear.
A meeting was set up to try to allay workers’ fears.

Find - verb - to discover something, or to see where it is by searching for it

Police have found a weapon.
Have you found your shoes?

Forever - adverb - for all time in the future, or for as long as you can imagine

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

They promised to love each other forever.
The film seemed to go on forever.

Gain - verb - to get or achieve something, usually as a result of a lot of effort

Extremist political parties gained 11% of the vote.
She gained a first in her French degree.

Garlic - noun - a round white vegetable with small sections called cloves which you add
to food for a strong pleasant flavour.
I love this garling dipping sauce!
Beware of those vampires and don't forget to take garlic with you.

Generally - adverb - by most people, or in most instances

Government analysts generally believe that the recession is over.
Generally dogs are more friendly than cats.

Get fit - verb - healthy, strong, and able to do physical exercise without getting very tired
I need to get fit before the football season starts.
Get fit, lose some weight and you will feel more healthy!

Give up - verb - to stop doing something that you do regularly

His wife finally persuaded him to give up smoking.
Giving up his job was the last thing we expected him to do.

Gorgeous - adjective - very beautiful, enjoyable or pleasant

Sandra was there, looking gorgeous as usual.
The weather was absolutely gorgeous.

Grade - noun - a level of quality or importance or a letter or number that shows the
quality of a student’s work .
You need to improve your grades
Their wool is suitable for finer grades of cloth.

Habit - noun - something that you do often or regularly, often without thinking about it
He had acquired some rather bad habits at college.
They were in the habit of going for long walks.

Hear - verb - to realize that someone or something is making a sound

He listened but heard nothing more.
Mary heard the sound of voices.

History - noun - the whole of time before the present, and all things that happened in that
time.
These temperatures are the highest in recorded history.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Attitudes to gender roles have changed throughout history.

Hobby - noun - something that you enjoy doing when you are not working
Mike’s hobbies include reading and chess.
Collecting coins was a very popular hobby in the 1980's.

Huge - adjective - "extremely large in size"

She arrived at the airport carrying two huge suitcases.
The concert turned out to be a huge success.

Ice cream - noun - a frozen sweet food made from cream or milk and sugar, often with
fruit or chocolate added to flavour it
Would you like an ice cream?
When I am sad I often eat a lot of ice creams!

Independent - adjective - ruled by its own government, rather than controlled by another
country or not employed or controlled by a company.
The republic was declared a fully independent state.
Many TV companies commission all their programmes from independent producers.

Install - verb - to put a piece of equipment somewhere and make it ready for use
Crime has decreased since the security cameras were installed.
Have you installed a smoke alarm in your office?

Intelligent - adjective - good at thinking clearly and quickly, at understanding difficult

ideas and subjects, and at gaining and using knowledge
Surely an intelligent person like you can deal with this.
He was highly intelligent, but disliked studying.

Issue - noun - a subject that people discuss or argue about, especially relating to
society, politics etc
It’s a website devoted to environmental issues.
Public education was one of the biggest issues in the election campaign.

Jacket - noun - a short coat that covers the upper part of the body and is made in many
styles for different occasions and different kinds of weather
He was wearing jeans and a leather jacket.
Put on the jacket, it is cold outside.

Jealous - adjective - unhappy because someone has something that you would like or
can do something that you would like to do
I expect some of your colleagues will be jealous.
Other girls were jealous of her good looks.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Journalist - noun - someone whose job is to report the news for a newspaper, magazine,
radio programme, or television programme
This was an article written by a leading sports journalist.
I always wanted to be a journalist!

Just - adverb - used for saying when something happens, especially soon, or at a
particular time.
I can’t come now. I’m just putting the children to bed.
Just then a knock at the door interrupted our conversation.

Kangaroo - noun - a large Australian animal that moves by jumping, has strong back
legs, and carries its baby in a pouch
I wish I could visit Australia and see kangaroos with my own eyes.
I heard that kangaroos don't like to be bothered by people.

Keep in - phrasal verb - to make someone stay in a place, especially in school as a

punishment.
They were kept in after school.
If he takes her to hospital, they might keep her in.

Key - noun - a small piece of metal used for opening or locking a door or a container,
also the thing that will do most to help you to achieve something
I could hear someone turning the key in the lock.
Proper planning is the key to success.

Kill - verb - to make a person or other living thing die

Each year thousands of people are killed and injured on the roads."
Many people believe that killing animals for sport is morally wrong."

Label - noun - a piece of paper or material fastened to an object that gives information
about it.
Read the washing instructions on the label.
You can get sticky labels printed with your address.

Large - adjective - "bigger than usual in size, also used in clothing sizes"
The house had an exceptionally large garden.
What size do you take?’ ‘Large.

Latest - adjective - most recent, or newest

The latest figures show steady growth.
The latest version of their graphics package.

Lead - verb - to walk, drive, fly, sail etc in front of a group of people, vehicles, planes,
ships etc

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Leading the mourners were his widow and 14-year-old daughter.
She led us down the hill.

Lesson - noun - a period of time in which students are taught about a subject in school
I’d like to talk to you at the end of the lesson.
Jack's father found out that he’d been skipping lessons.

Lighter - noun - a small container that produces a flame, used especially for lighting
cigarettes
All I need to be happy is some cigarettes and a lighter.
It is dark here, give me a lighter!

Magnificent - adjective - very impressive and beautiful, good, or skilful

It was so exciting to see these magnificent animals in the wild.
She gave a magnificent performance.

Manager - noun - someone whose job is to organize and control the work of a business
or organization or a part of it
I’d like to speak to the manager.
For three years I was the manager of a radio station.

Married - adjective - someone who is married has been formally joined in marriage with
another person
He’s married to my older sister.
You don't have any chance, he is a married man.

Measure - verb - an action that is intended to achieve or deal with something or an

amount of a particular quality that is neither large nor small
This is a temporary measure to stop the problem from getting any worse
The system gives people a measure of protection against pollution.

Mountain - noun - a natural structure like a very big hill that is much higher than the
usual level of land around it
They went walking and climbing in the mountains.
There was still snow on the mountain tops.

Narrow - adjective - "small in width, especially when compared to how high or long
something is. Also limited in range or variety."
We are left with a relatively narrow range of options.
The book takes a rather narrow view of what we mean by civilization.

Newspaper - noun - a set of large printed sheets of folded paper containing news,
articles, and other information, usually published every day
He presented her with a bunch of flowers wrapped in damp newspaper.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Mark was sitting alone reading the newspaper.

Noon - noun - twelve o’clock in the middle of the day

They both slept until noon.
We should be there by noon.

Object - noun - a thing that you can see and touch that is not alive and is usually solid
The boat seemed to bump against some solid object.
There are 7,000 objects in the museum’s collection.

Obvious - adjective - clear to almost anyone

The most obvious explanation is not always the correct one.
For obvious reasons, I won’t go into details.

Operate - verb - if equipment operates, it works and does what it is intended to do

The ventilation equipment was not operating properly.
The motor operates at very high speeds.

Pants - noun - a piece of underwear that covers the part of the body from the waist to the
top of the legs.
Oh my god, he forgot to put on his pants!
Should I wear those pants on my first date?

Pick - verb - to choose someone or something from a group

Out of all the girls he could have gone out with, he picked me.
The following season he was picked for the national squad.

Qualified - adjective - thoroughly trained for a particular job or able to do something,

because you have the knowledge, skill, or experience that is needed well/suitably
qualified to do something.
She is particularly well qualified to give an opinion.
The proposals were met with qualified approval.

Raincoat - noun - a long coat made of light material that you wear when it is raining
It is raining cats and dogs, you should put on your raincoat.
I saw some raincoats on sale, you should buy one!

Seem - verb - to appear to be something, or to appear to have a particular quality

John seems nice.
He seems happy enough to me.

Table - noun - a piece of furniture that consists of a flat surface held above the floor,
usually by legs
They sat around a long table in the conference room.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

What a beautiful dining room table!

Ugly - adjective - someone who is ugly has a face that is unpleasant to look at
The other man was hideously ugly.
She won’t wear T-shirts because she thinks her arms are ugly.

Want - verb - to feel that you would like to have, keep, or do something
Do you still want these old letters?
What do you want for your birthday?

Waiter - noun - a person who brings food and drink to your table in a restaurant or café
Waiter, I want to pay for my meal.
He is such a professional waiter!

Value - noun - the amount that something is worth, measured especially in money
You can’t put a value on a human life.
The value of the painting is not known.

Vegetable - noun - a part of a plant used as food, for example a potato, bean, or cabbage
Eat more fresh fruit, vegetables, and salads.
We grow all our own vegetables and herbs.

Vote - noun / verb - to formally express an opinion by choosing between two or more
issues, people etc
The Council will vote on the proposal next Friday.
The committee voted unanimously to ban alcohol from the concert.

Yet - adverb - used for talking or asking about something that has not happened or is not
true at a particular time but will probably happen or be true in the future
I’m amazed that you haven’t told him anything yet.
She hasn’t yet decided if she wants to come or not.

Young - adjective - someone who is young has lived for only a short time
She’s married with two young children.
They told him he was too young to understand.

Yoga - noun - an activity that involves doing physical and breathing exercises to make
you stronger and make your mind and body relax
You should try yoga, you will feel more relaxed.
I have practiced yoga for over 10 years and I feel so healthy!

Zone - noun - an area that has an important or typical feature

Climbing another 50 feet would bring her out of the danger zone.
Your ticket is valid for Zones 1 and 2 only.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Zoo - noun - a large place where many types of wild animals are kept, usually in cages,
so that people can see them
I want to go to the zoo and see all those beautiful animals!
Those lions lived in a zoo for over 30 years.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Accept - verb - to take something that someone gives you
It gives me great pleasure to accept this award.
Saunders has been convicted for accepting bribes.

Absolutely - adverb - completely: used for emphasis

Are you absolutely certain you saw him?
The food was absolutely fantastic.

Access - noun - the right or opportunity to have or use something that will bring you
benefits
Access to up-to-date financial information is important to our success.
Only 40% of 5-year-olds have access to pre-school education.

Accommodation - noun - a place for someone to stay, live, or work in.

The hotel provides accommodation for up to 100 people.
Most of our accommodation is self-catering.

Backpack - noun - a rucksack

I have a special backpack for camping, I can put everything in there.
Where did you buy this cute backpack?

Beat - verb - to defeat someone in a game, competition, election, or battle

England needed to beat Germany to get to the final.
In 2000, George W Bush narrowly beat Al Gore in the election.

Begin - verb - to start happening or existing

She felt her life was just beginning.
The ceremony is due to begin at noon.

Big - adjective - large in size

He kept all his secret papers in a big box.
At the end of the lane was a great big house.

Cab - noun - a taxi or a vehicle pulled by horses that was used in the past as a taxi
Shall I call you a cab?
Those horses look exhausted after pulling this cab.

Calm - adjective - not affected by strong emotions such as excitement, anger, shock, or
fear
An hour after the accident, I was starting to feel calmer.
We were told to stay calm as help was on the way.

Cancel - verb - to say that something that has been arranged will not now happen
Karol cancelled the tour after suffering a throat infection.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

If you’re too busy to see him, I’ll phone and cancel.

Careless - adjective - a careless person does not think about what they are doing, so they
make mistakes, hurt people, or damage things
Try not to be so careless next time!
It was very careless of you to leave the medicine where the children could get it.

Certain - adjective - having no doubts that something is true

I’m not absolutely certain, but I think I’m right.
I think I met her in 1985, but I can’t say for certain.

Dad - noun - your father

His dad works in my office.
Can I borrow some money, Dad?

Dangerous - adjective - likely to harm or kill someone, or to damage or destroy

something
Children are taught to avoid potentially dangerous situations.
It is not yet known whether these chemicals are dangerous to humans.

Declare - verb - to announce officially that something is true or happening

Australia declared its support for the agreement.
I was in Germany when war was declared.

Depressed - adjective - if you are depressed, you feel very unhappy because of a difficult
or unpleasant situation that you feel you cannot change
He was very depressed about losing his job.
We were very depressed by the poor response from parents.

Earache - noun - pain in your ear, usually caused by an infection

I have an earache and I can't think straight!
I don't hear anything because of my earache.

Equal - adjective - the same in value, amount, or size

All the workers have an equal share in the profits.
His wife was doing work of equal importance.

Escape - verb - to get away from a place where you are in danger
Three people died in the fire, but John escaped through the bedroom window.
His family escaped from Germany and arrived in Britain in 1938.

Example - noun - something that you mention in order to show the type of thing that you
are talking about and to help to explain what you mean
Many sports are still dominated by men – football is an obvious example.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

He gave several examples of how we could change things.

Factory - noun - a building or group of buildings where large quantities of goods are
produced using machines
She works in a factory.
That is a huge car factory, probably that is where they make Audi or Opel!

Fail - verb - to be unsuccessful when you try to do something

Most people who try to lose weight fail dismally.
They have failed to come up with any practical solutions.

Fog - noun - a thick cloud that forms close to the ground or to water and is difficult to see
through
Heavy fog forced drivers to slow down.
We’ll leave when this fog has lifted.

Gentle - adjective - "a gentle person is kind and calm"

Jack is such a gentle, loving boy.
Mother’s manner was always gentle.

Give - verb - to put something in someone’s hand, or to pass something to someone

Could you give me that pen?
She gave the flowers to me to hold.

Grow - verb - if children or animals grow, they become taller or larger, if plants or trees
grow, they develop and get larger or taller
She must have grown at least four inches since I saw her last.
The redwood tree can grow over 80 metres tall.

Gun - noun - a weapon that shoots bullets, for example a pistol or a rifle
She found herself looking down the barrel of a gun.
He pointed the gun directly at me.

Hairdryer - noun - a piece of electrical equipment used for making your hair dry after you
have washed it
Where have you bought this hairdryer?
Remember to use a hairdryer after you finish swimming.

Hate - verb - to dislike someone or something very much

Go away! I hate you!
I hate the smell of cigarettes.

Honest - adjective - a person who is honest does not tell lies or cheat people, and obeys
the law

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

I haven’t been completely honest about my past experience.
Thank you for being so honest with me.

Hunt - verb - to kill animals for food or for their skin or other parts, or for sport
Crocodiles were hunted and killed for their teeth.
We hunted for rabbits in the hills.

Idea - noun - a thought that you have about how to do something or how to deal with
something
What a brilliant idea!
Where do you get the ideas for your stories?

Identify - verb - "to recognize someone and be able to say who they are, to be a sign that
shows who or what someone is"
Two of the suspects have been identified by witnesses.
Janners’s red and gold jacket identified him as a steward.

Indoor - adjective - "done or used inside a building"

What a beautiful indoor swimming pool.
Have you seen the World Indoor Athletics Championships?

Intend - verb - to have a plan in your mind to do something

What do you intend to do about this?
I never intended it to turn out like that.

Jail - noun - a place where people are put after they have been arrested, or where people
go as punishment for a crime
Adam spent 3 years in jail for drug possession.
He was stealing again, two months after getting out of jail.

Jog - verb - to run at a slow steady speed, usually for exercise or pleasure
I love to jog early in the morning.
Jogging is one of the best exercises to lose weight.

Keen - adjective - "wanting to do something, or wanting other people to do something"

The government is keen to avoid further conflict with the unions.
We are very keen to encourage more local employers to work with us.

King - noun - a man who rules a country and is the senior male member of the royal
family
Oswald became king in 634.
William was crowned King of England on Christmas Day, 1066.

Knowledge - noun - all the facts that someone knows about a particular subject

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

The teacher’s comments are designed to help improve your knowledge and understanding.
Candidates for the job must have a working knowledge of at least one European language.

Ladder - noun - a piece of equipment for reaching high places that consists of two long
pieces of wood or metal joined by smaller pieces called rungs
A fireman climbed the ladder.
You need a ladder to climb on that roof!

Lately - adverb - within the recent past

Have you seen either of them lately?
Once or twice lately Katy’s mentioned him.

Learn - verb - to gain knowledge or experience of something, for example by being taught
What did you learn at school today?
We’re learning fractions in maths this week.

Lighting - noun - the bright flashes of light that you see in the sky during a storm
She lay awake, listening to the thunder and lightning.
Bob was struck by lightning while playing golf.

Lively - adjective - "full of energy and enthusiasm"

What a lively group of students!
Politicians should take a lively interest in issues that concern local people.

Mad - adjective - "very silly or stupid or tending to behave in a strange way that other
people sometimes consider funny"
You’ll think I’m mad – I’ve just left my job.
You’re mad to spend so much money on clothes.

Marriage - noun - the relationship between two people who are husband and wife
Too many marriages end in divorce.
I’m related to Bill by marriage.

Move - verb - to change position, or to make someone or something change position

Could you help me move the bookcase away from the wall?
It was so hot that I didn’t feel like moving.

Musician - noun - someone who performs or writes music, especially as their job
I love his music, he is such a great musician.
He is a musician and often travels all over the world playing his own songs.

Nasty - adjective - very unpleasant to taste, smell, see, or fee

That is a cheap and nasty red wine!
The weather is terrible with a nasty cold wind.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Night - noun - the part of each 24-hour period when it is dark
It was a lovely starlit night.
The parties usually take place at night.

Notebook - noun - a book or digital document with empty pages which you use for
writing notes, also a small flat computer that is easy to carry
I always keep my notebook with me.
Recently I bought a brand new notebook with a great LCD display.

Obviously - adverb - in a way that is clear for almost anyone to see or understand
Richards was obviously disappointed at being left out of the team.
Obviously I’ll have to think about your offer carefully.

Original - adjective - existing at the beginning of a period or process, before any changes
have been made
Do you know who the car’s original owner was?
Our original plan was to go to Spain, but it was too expensive.

Owner - noun - someone who owns something

I am the owner of three antique cars.
The previous owners had made the garage into an extra bedroom.

Painful - adjective - making you feel upset, ashamed, or unhappy

He sobbed as he relived the painful memory.
His autobiography recounts the unique and painful experience of imprisonment.

Path - noun - a way from one place to another that people can walk along
A short path through the woods leads to the village.
Amy walked up the path to the house.

Pause - verb - to stop moving or stop what you are doing for a short time before starting
again
She paused at the door and then left.
As we crossed the bridge, we paused to look at the boats.

Plain - adjective - easily seen or understood

Hugh’s message was short, but the meaning was plain enough.
It was plain that they knew each other already.

Pleasant - adjective - enjoyable or attractive in a way that makes you feel pleased and
satisfied
Well, this is a pleasant surprise!
They spent a pleasant evening together.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Qualification - noun - something such as a degree or a diploma that you get when you
successfully finish a course of study.
Simon left school with no qualifications.
The number of people obtaining basic craft qualifications has fallen.

Quick - adjective - "able to move fast or do something fast or able to understand things
very easily, a quick learner"
He’s surprisingly quick for such a big man.
That student is a quick learner

Quiz - noun - "a competition in which you answer questions"

I love quizzes and actually I am really good at them.
That quiz is too hard for me.

Raise - verb - to put something in a higher place or position

A number of children raised their hands
With a shaky hand, he slowly raised the cup to his lips.

Rarely - adverb - not often

That was a performance using rarely heard instruments from around the world
My mother very rarely wears jewellery.

Rather - adverb - to a fairly large degree

He was rather a handsome boy.
I realize that I’ve been rather stupid and selfish.

Real - adjective - existing in the physical world, not just in someone’s imagination or in
stories
Children believe that these characters are real.
She had many illnesses, both real and imaginary.

Rich - adjective - "owning a lot of money, property, or valuable possessions"

His invention has made him a rich man.
A lot of people thought they could get rich by investing in Internet companies.

Screen - noun - the flat surface on a computer, television, or piece of electronic

equipment where words and pictures are shown
A new icon will appear on your screen.
Suddenly the screen went blank.

Secondary - adjective - relating to the education of children between the ages of 11 and
16 or 18 or less important than something else
His feelings in the matter are of secondary importance.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

He only played a secondary role.

Select - verb - to choose someone or something from a group

We’re going to select two students to represent the school.
The group had been carefully selected for the study because of their lifestyles.

Sensible - adjective - "reasonable and practical"

This seems to be a sensible way of dealing with the problem.
I don’t see how any sensible person could agree with him.

Serve - verb - to provide food and drink for someone to eat at a meal
All dishes are served with a salad.
Dinner is served between 7 and 10 pm.

Takeaway - noun - a meal that you buy in a restaurant or shop and take home to eat, also
a shop that sells meals that you take home to eat
Let’s get a takeaway.
We often go to a Chinese takeaway near our house.

Terrible - adjective - "making you feel very upset or afraid"

Her mother’s sudden death came as a terrible shock.
He’s been through a terrible ordeal.

Teach - verb - to help students to learn something in a school, college, university etc by
giving lessons
How long have you been teaching here?
I teach English at the local comprehensive.

Tight - adjective - clothes that are tight are close against your body when you wear them,
or used about clothes that are uncomfortable because they are so close against your
body
The first hat was a bit tight.
She had twisted her hair into a tight knot.

Trust - verb - a feeling of confidence in someone that shows you believe they are honest,
fair, and reliable
Trust is an important issue between teenagers and their parents.
Sumner placed considerable trust in his lawyer.

Umbrella - noun - an object that you hold over your head when it is raining
Remember to take an umbrella with you, it is raining today!
An umbrella is what you need during a day with bad weather.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Uncomfortable - adjective - "if you are uncomfortable, you have an unpleasant or slightly
painful feeling in part of your body"
You’ll be uncomfortable for a few days after the surgery.
They were sitting in a very uncomfortable position.

Unfortunately - adjective - used for saying that something is sad or disappointing

Unfortunately, Jack is leaving the company.
Effective treatments do exist, but unfortunately they are very expensive.

Unknown - adjective - "if something is unknown, people do not know about it or do not
know what it is"
Several hundred people were affected by the previously unknown virus.
Most of her friends are unknown to me.

Unpack - verb - to take things out of a suitcase or other container that you were carrying
them in
I haven’t had time to unpack yet.
Can you please unpack the shopping?

Weather - noun - "the conditions that exist in the atmosphere relating to temperature,
precipitation (rain, snow, hail), and other features"
Unsettled weather will continue through the weekend.
We couldn’t paint the outside because of the weather.

Wedding - noun - a ceremony in which two people get married

They are planning a summer wedding.
We wanted a quiet wedding.

Winner - noun - "someone who wins a race, competition, or prize"

The winner of the tournament gets £50,000.
She was a gold medal winner at the last Olympics.

Wooden - adjective - "made of wood or an actor who is wooden does not express enough
emotion in their performance"
What a terrible actor and his wooden delivery of the lines.
That table is wooden.

Write - verb - "to use a pen to make words, numbers, or symbols"

Emily is just learning to write.
Write your full name in Box A.

Yesterday - adverb - "on the day before today"

Yesterday, we went to the zoo.
I saw her yesterday afternoon.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Abroad - adverb - "in or to a foreign country"
We try to go abroad at least once a year.
There are special arrangements for voters living abroad.

Accident - noun - a crash involving a car, train, plane, or other vehicle, also a sudden
event that results in damage, injury, or death
The accident was caused by ice on the road.
Seven men were killed in a serious mining accident yesterday.

Afraid - adjective - "worried that something bad might happen"

I was afraid that you’d miss the flight.
I was afraid of getting lost.

Ambition - noun - something that you very much want to do, usually something that is
difficult to achieve
I had no idea about Jack’s political ambitions.
His ambition was to become a successful writer.

Annoy - verb - to make someone feel slightly angry or impatient

I don’t dislike her, but she just annoys me sometimes.
It annoyed her to think that she had trusted him.

Background - noun - "the type of family, social position, or culture that someone comes
from, also the type of career, training, or education that someone has had"
His musical background helps him a lot in his job.
Here we have students from very different backgrounds.

Bald - adjective - with little or no hair on your head

I saw a bald spot on the top of his head.
I started going bald in my twenties.

Battle - noun - a fight between two armies in a war or between people

It was one of the bloodiest battles of the Second World War
He was wounded in a gun battle with the police.

Become - verb - "to start to be somethingor to change and start to be something

different, or to start to have a different quality"
The sky became dark.
Christine decided to become a writer.

Borrow - verb - to receive and use something that belongs to someone else, and promise
to give it back to them later
Can I borrow your phone?
I borrowed a camera from Mike.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Carpet - noun - a thick soft cover for a floor
There was a green fitted carpet in the hall.
I wish I could fly on a magic carpet.

Challenging - adjective - "difficult to deal with or achieve, but interesting and enjoyable"
That is a challenging and rewarding job.
It was quite a demanding and challenging task to do.

Cheat - verb - "to behave dishonestly, or to not obey rules, for example in order to win a
game or do well in an examination”
Kids have always found ways of cheating in school exams.
You can’t do that – it’s cheating.

Climb - verb - to use your hands and feet to move up, over, down, or across something
He climbed onto the roof to check the TV aerial.
We escaped by climbing through a window.

Confused - adjective - "unable to understand something or think clearly about it"

She was starting to feel a bit confused.
I’m still a little confused about what happened.

Crowded - adjective - containing a lot of people, especially too many

Was the pool crowded?
My schedule is so crowded.

Curious - adjective - someone who is curious wants to find out about something
Children are curious about animals and how they live.
People were curious to know why the accident happened.

Currency - noun - the system of money used in a particular country

You can use credit cards but it’s best to take some currency as well.
He specializes in buying and selling of foreign currencies.

Dislike - verb - to not like someone or something

Thomas thoroughly disliked her.
He is widely disliked at every level of politics.

Driver - noun - someone who drives a vehicle, especially as their job, also software that
controls a piece of equipment connected to a computer
Most of his life he worked as a taxi driver.
Did you download those printer drivers?

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Duty-free - adjective / noun - duty-free goods are cheaper than the usual price because
you do not pay any tax on them
You can buy as much beer as you want duty-free.
Are those cigarettes duty-free?

Eat - verb - to put food into your mouth and swallow it

We sat on the grass and ate our sandwiches.
Finish your lunch – you’ve hardly eaten anything.

Election - noun - an occasion when people vote for someone to represent them,
especially in a government
Only about 20% of the people voted in the local government elections.
Is it really necessary to hold an election every three years?

Encourage - verb - to suggest that someone does something that you believe would be
good
We encourage student participation in our classes.
Mom always encouraged us to discuss our problems.

Enjoy - verb - to get pleasure from something

Do you enjoy cooking or do you just see it as a chore?
I don’t enjoy going on holiday as much as I used to.

Everybody - pronoun - "everyone"

Has everybody remembered to bring a pen and notebook?
Jill had the courage to say out loud what everybody else in the room was thinking.

Face to face - adverb - in a situation where you are meeting and talking to another person
directly
It would be better if we talked face to face.
I came face to face with his mother.

Fat - adjective - a person or animal that is fat has too much flesh on their body and
weighs too much
He’s got a rather fat face.
She can eat whatever she likes and she never gets fat.

Follow - verb - to walk, drive etc behind someone, when you are going in the same
direction as them
Tim set off down the hill, and I followed.
Jim opened the door and followed me down the corridor.

Furniture - noun - the chairs, tables, beds, cupboards etc that you put in a room or house
so that you can live in it

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

I love wooden furniture, it reminds me of my childhood!
I like that furniture you got in the kitchen!

Furthest - adjective - at the greatest distance from something

Which planet is furthest from the sun?
My car is parked in the space furthest away from the building.

Garden - noun - an area of land next to a house that belongs to the house, usually with
grass and plants growing in it.
The house has a large garden with fruit trees.
A stream ran through Florence’s garden.

Gate - noun - a door in a fence or wall that you go through to enter or leave a place
He walked through a wooden gate into the field.
Be sure to close the gate to the drive when you leave.

Get down - phrasal verb - "to make someone feel sad or lose hope or to start feeling sad
or losing hope"
Doing the same thing every day can get you down.
She gets down from time to time, but mostly she copes very well.

Get up - phrasal verb - " to get out of bed after sleeping, to wake someone and tell them
to get out of bed"
He never gets up before nine.
Will you get me up at six tomorrow?

Girlfriend - noun - a woman who you are having a romantic or sexual relationship with
Have you got a girlfriend?
I’d had lots of girlfriends, but never one like her.

Glove - noun - a piece of clothing that covers your fingers and hands
Wear rubber gloves when washing dishes.
What a lovely pair of gloves!

Handsome - adjective - a handsome man or boy has a very attractive face

Joe was tall, dark, and handsome.
He is such a handsome young man!

Hang out - phrasal verb - to lean out of a window so that the top part of your body is
outside, or to visit certain places very often
Two students were hanging out of the second floor window.
She knew all the clubs where he usually hung out.

Heavy - adjective - a heavy object weighs a lot

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

She was struggling with a heavy suitcase.
You should soon be able to train with the heavier weights.

Hide - verb - to put something in a place so that no one can find or see it
She hid the key in the drawer.
I wanted to hide his present from him until his birthday.

Happy - adjective - feeling pleased and satisfied

The children seem very happy at school.
Sarah felt happy for the first time in her life.

Immediately - adverb - very quickly and without delay

She decided to leave immediately.
I did not immediately realize how serious the situation was.

Improve - verb - to make something better

Our main objective is to improve educational standards.
A light airy sun lounge greatly improves the quality of life for residents.

Indoors - adverb - in or into a building

I stayed indoors all day.
Whatever are you doing indoors on such a lovely afternoon?

Injure - verb - to hurt someone and cause damage to their body

Eight people died and 52 were injured in the accident.
They were treated for shock but no one was seriously injured.

Jet - noun - a plane that can fly very fast and gets its power from a jet engine
He owns a mansion in Oxfordshire and has a private jet.
This is the fastest jet fighter I have ever seen in my life.

Keep - verb - to stay in a state, position, or place without changing or moving

Keep still while I brush your hair.
People kept quiet because they were afraid.

Kid - noun - a child

There was a group of kids playing football in the street.
I hate kids, they are always so loud!

Knife - noun - an object with a sharp blade for cutting food or used as a weapon
You need a sharp knife for the steak.
Could you please bring knives and forks?

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Lay - verb - to put someone or something down in a careful way, especially so that they
are lying flat
Lay the baby on her back.
He laid his coat across the arm of the chair.

Lend - verb - to give someone something for a short time, expecting that they will give it
back to you later. If you lend someone something, they borrow it from you
The local library will lend books for a month without charge.
She lent me her very expensive coat.

Limited - adjective - not allowed to go above a particular number, amount, or level

Building in the National Park area is strictly limited.
We offer a limited number of free places on the course.

Litter - noun - things such as pieces of paper that people have dropped on the ground in
a public place, making it untidy
The park and river are full of litter.
There is a litter of old newspapers on his desk.

Manage - verb - to succeed in doing something, especially something that needs a lot of
effort or skill
I don’t know how you manage.
I don’t think I can manage a long walk today.

Modern - adjective - relating to or belonging to the present time

The programme examines the role of women in modern society.
There is a huge pressure of living in the modern world.

Multiply - verb - to increase by a large amount

Within the last 10 years, both sales and profits have multiplied.
He has multiplied his fortune many times.

Nearly - adverb - almost, or near to a particular amount of time, money, people, or things
It took nearly six hours to download this software.
They’ve spent nearly four million pounds.

Necklace - noun - a piece of jewellery that hangs around your neck

This gold necklace is worth a fortune!
Put on your necklace, you will look even more beautiful!

Noisy - adjective - "making a lot of noise"

My neighbours are so noisy! I hate them!
Steam engines are noisy and dirty.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Nowadays - adverb - "at the present time, not in the past"
Lots of people get divorced nowadays.
Nowadays it is very easy to travel all around the world.

Occasion - noun - a time at which something happens

On one occasion we had to walk all the way home.
I’ll let you off on this occasion.

Old-fashioned - adjective - no longer modern or fashionable

Blake was carrying an old-fashioned leather briefcase.
They have very old-fashioned ideas about raising children.

Oven - noun - a large piece of equipment in a kitchen that you heat, usually with
electricity or gas, to cook food in.
Return the dish to the oven to heat through before serving.
Bake for 25 minutes, then reduce the oven temperature.

Pack - verb - to put your possessions into a bag, case, or box so that you can take or
send them somewhere
It didn’t take her long to pack the few clothes she would need.
Haven’t you packed yet?

Palace - noun - a very large building, especially one used as the official home of a royal
family, president, or important religious leader
Right there we can see the presidential palace.
Wow, that palace looks so absolutely amazing!

Partly - adverb - to some degree, but not completely

I’ll admit I was partly to blame.
Inflation has remained low, partly as a result of cheaper imports.

Pattern - noun - a series of actions or events that together show how things normally
happen or are done
Patterns of employment in urban areas are different from those in the countryside.
With such limited data no clear pattern emerges.

Quickly - adverb - at a fast speed

She went quickly out of the room.
We have to work quickly.

Quit - verb - to leave a job or school permanently

His decision to quit international football has shocked everyone.
She quit after only six months in the job.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Quite - adverb - fairly but not very
I was feeling quite tired after our walk.
They said the dog was quite badly injured.

Railway - noun - the metal track that trains travel on

The path continues along a disused railway.
I think that railway was not used for over a decade!

Reach - verb - to arrive somewhere or if something reaches someone, they receive it after
it has been sent to them
We hoped to reach the camp before dark.
The money should reach your bank account within three working days.

Recent - adjective - "happening or starting a short time ago"

It was the highest election turnout in recent memory.
Business has boomed in recent years.

Remember - verb - to have an image in your mind of a person, a place, or something that
happened or was said in the past
I can still remember every word of our conversation.
That was a beautiful summer, as I remember.

Safely - adverb - in a way that is not likely to cause damage, injury, or harm
Remember to drive safely.
Keep plastic bags safely out of the reach of children.

Security - noun - safety from attack, harm, or damage

Every precaution has been taken to ensure the personal security of the delegates.
The information received is highly confidential and relates to internal security.

Serious - adjective - "bad or dangerous enough to make you worried"

The sale of the company will have serious implications for people’s jobs.
An accident like this poses a serious threat to the environment.

Shake - verb - to make lots of quick small movements up and down, or side to side
Houses shook as a bomb exploded in the neighbourhood.
She was literally shaking with fear.

Small - adjective - in a way that produces something that is not large

Write small so that everything will fit on one page.
It is so small I can barely see it.

Talent - noun - a natural ability for being good at a particular activity

She had an obvious talent for music.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Billy shows a remarkable talent for upsetting his sister.

Technique - noun - a method of doing something using a special skill that you have
developed
This is a useful technique for dealing with difficult customers
Those are modern techniques of business management.

Throw - verb - to use your hand to send an object through the air
Some kids were throwing stones at the windows.
Each child throws a ball to their partner.

Together - adverb - if you put two or more things together, you combine them to form a
single thing
Now add the numbers together.
Mix the flour together with the milk.

Traffic jam - noun - a line of vehicles waiting behind something that is blocking the road
We were stuck in a traffic jam.
That is a huge traffic jam!

True - adjective - "based on facts or things that really happen, and not made up"
The film is based on a true story.
They used to guarantee housing for all workers, but that’s no longer true.

Underline - verb - to show clearly that something is important or true

The upsurge in violence merely underlines the need for continuing peace talks.
Recent job losses underline the continued weakness of the economy.

Unemployed - adjective - without a job

Have you been unemployed for a year or more?
Up to 60% of the unemployed were women.

Universe - noun - space and everything that exists in it, including the Earth and all the
other planets
The origins of the universe are still a mystery.
Do you think we are the only form of intelligent life in the universe?

Volume - noun - an amount of something

The total volume of trade has reached £800 million.
Some students cannot cope with the huge volume of work.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Accompany - verb - "to go with someone to a place or event or to happen or exist while
something else is happening"
Children must be accompanied by an adult.
A sore throat may be accompanied by fever.

Active - adjective - someone who is active does a lot of different activities and has a lot of
energy and interests
People are remaining active into later life.
These meditation techniques to keep the mind active and alert.

Allow - verb - to give someone permission to do or have something

I’m sorry, sir, but smoking is not allowed.
She only allows the children to watch television on weekends.

Ambulance - noun - a vehicle for taking people to hospital

Call the ambulance, he was hit by a car!
He works in the hospital as an ambulance driver.

Basic - adjective - "forming the main or most important part of something, without which
it cannot really exist"
Rice is the basic ingredient of the dish.
We have the basic framework for an agreement.

Believe - verb - "to think that a fact is true"

Astronomers knew the Earth was round, but few people believed it.
I don’t believe that she’s ever been to Hong Kong.

Bleed - verb - to have blood flowing from your body, for example from a cut
I cut my finger and it’s bleeding.
He was bleeding from a wound in his shoulder.

Bored - adjective - feeling impatient or dissatisfied, because you are not interested in
something or because you have nothing to do
Beth ordered a coffee from a bored-looking waiter.
Steve was getting bored with the game.

Carry - verb - to hold someone or something using your hands, arms, or body and take
them somewhere
Do you mind carrying this box for me?
Luke was carrying a bag over his shoulder.

Chain - noun - a series of metal rings connected to each other, used for fastening,
pulling, or lifting things
There was a rusty iron chain hanging from the gate.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

The crate was secured with a strong chain.

Charming - adjective - very attractive and pleasant

What a great children’s book with charming illustrations!
There are lots of charming little restaurants along the river.

Complain - verb - to say that you are not satisfied with something
What are you complaining about?
She complained that she never had any time to herself.

Cultural - adjective - "relating to the culture of a particular group, country, or society"

That was an improved understanding of ethnic and cultural diversity
I think it is a misunderstanding that was cultural rather than intellectual

Dead - adjective - "no longer alive"

The police don’t know whether she’s alive or dead.
He is grieving for his dead father.

Deaf - adjective - not able to hear anything, or not able to hear very well.
She’s been totally deaf since birth.
He has specialist training in working with profoundly deaf students.

Dig - verb - to make a hole in earth or sand using your hands, a machine, or a tool,
especially a spade
The children like to dig in the sand.
We dug a hole and planted the tree.

Disagree - verb - to have an opinion that is different from the opinion that another person
has
Teenagers and their parents often disagree.
Bob disagreed entirely, arguing that it was a risk worth taking.

Distance - noun - the amount of space between two people or things

It is important to consider distance from public transport when buying a house.
They started to walk the short distance to the camp.

Embarrassing - adjective - making you feel nervous, ashamed, or stupid

The situation was most embarrassing.
I wish he wouldn’t ask such embarrassing questions.

Enormous - adjective - very large in size or quantity

The enormous birthday cake dwarfed everything else on the table.
The stress they’re under is enormous.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Event - noun - something that happens, especially something that involves several
people
Police questioned witnesses about the events surrounding his death.
The investigation uncovered a chain of events that could have been prevented.

Explode - verb - to burst with a lot of force and a loud noise or to make something burst
with a lot of force and a loud noise
Bombs were exploding all over the city.
Terrorists have exploded bombs across the country.

Fairly - adverb - to some degree, but not completely or extremely

His statement explains the situation fairly well.
We went to the theatre fairly often.

Fasten - verb - to close something such as a piece of clothing or a bag using the buttons,
zip, clip etc on it
Please keep your seat belts fastened while the seat belt light is on.
It was fastened with buttons down the front.

Fever - noun - a medical condition in which the temperature of your body is very high and
you feel ill
Use paracetamol syrup to reduce fever in infants.
Tom had a high fever all week.

Friendly - adjective - someone who is friendly is always pleasant and helpful towards
other people
I enjoy working there – everyone is so friendly.
He will be remembered as a kind, friendly person.

Frozen - adjective - preserved by being made extremely cold and stored at a very low
temperature
Her fingers were frozen stiff.
What do you think about frozen food? I prefer fresh!

Glance - verb - "to look somewhere quickly and then look away"
He glanced over his shoulder nervously.
I glanced up to see Guido watching me from the window.

Grateful - adjective - "feeling that you want to thank someone because they have given
you something or have done something for you"
I’m very grateful for all your help with the party.
She was grateful to them for letting her stay at their house.

Guilty - adjective - "ashamed and sorry because you have done something wrong"

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

You shouldn’t feel guilty all the time – you’ve done nothing to be ashamed of.
I still feel guilty about things I said to my mother when I was a teenager.

Hardly - adverb - "used for saying that something is almost not true or almost does not
happen at all"
He hardly spoke except to say hello.
Alice was so busy she hardly noticed the days pass by.

Hike - verb - a long walk in the countryside.

We went for a hike through the woods on Sunday.
When I have a lot of free time I love to go for a long hike.

Here - adverb - in or to the place where you are

We’ve lived here for over 20 years.
I want to get out of here as soon as I can.

Hidden - adjective - if something is hidden, most people do not know about it or

understand it
Jones has recently revealed hidden talents as an actor.
What are the hidden costs of being in hospital?

Imagine - verb - to form a picture of something or someone in your mind

She tried to imagine the scene.
Imagine that you are lying on a beach.

Incredible - adjective - "surprising, or difficult to believe"

They all have incredible stories to tell.
It was built in a year, which seems absolutely incredible.

Insist - verb - to say very firmly that something must happen or must be done
You must see a doctor immediately – I insist.
She insisted that we stay at her house instead of a hotel.

Interesting - adjective - something that is interesting makes you want to know about it or
take part in it
She’s an interesting new writer.
That brings up an interesting point that we haven’t talked about yet.

Inspire - verb - to give someone the enthusiasm to do or create something

Inspired by her example, other zoologists have begun working with apes in the wild.
Stewart did his best to inspire his team to greater efforts.

Jazz - noun - a type of music that developed in the late 19th century in which there is a
strong lively beat and the players often improvise

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

I love that jazz band, they are one of my favourites!
Do you like to listen to jazz? It is my favourite genre of music.

Jumper - noun - a warm piece of clothing, usually made of wool, that you pull over your
head and that covers your upper body and arms or a person or animal that jumps
The pony was fast and a good jumper.
I like to wear a jumper when it is cold outside.

Kitchen - noun - a room where you prepare and cook food, and wash dishes
Please, put the knife on the kitchen table.
Can I go to the kitchen and cook some food?

Knit - verb - to make something such as a piece of clothing using wool and sticks called
knitting needles
She reads and knits to pass the time.
I’m knitting him a sweater for Christmas.

Lack - noun - a situation in which you do not have any, or enough, of something that you
need or want
The match was cancelled because of lack of support.
Most of his problems stem from a lack of confidence.

Leave - verb - to go away from a place

We left London at three in the afternoon.
Your plane leaves in ten minutes.

Length - noun - a measurement of how long something is in size

Cut the cloth to the required length.
This beautiful bird is small, with a total length of about three inches.

Listen - verb - to pay attention to a sound, or to try to hear a sound

When he speaks, everybody listens.
She was listening for the sound of his key in the lock.

Location - noun - the place or position where someone or something is or where

something happens
We have not found a suitable location for the new offices.
Have they managed to pinpoint the location of the boat yet?

Make - verb - to create or produce something by working

Jane made coffee while the guests were finishing their dessert.
She makes all her own clothes.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Mend - verb - "to repair a tear or hole in a piece of clothing or to repair something that is
broken or damaged so that it can be used again"
These socks need to be mended.
The gate needs to be mended so it closes properly.

Miserable - adjective - extremely unhappy or uncomfortable

He looked cold and miserable in the rain.
Their evening together had been a miserable failure.

Messy - adjective - very untidy or dirty

Your kitchen looks messy, clean it up!
One of the most messy bedrooms I have ever seen in my life!

Mouth - noun - the part of your face below your nose that you use to eat and speak
She opened her mouth to speak.
I’ve got a funny taste in my mouth.

Mystery - noun - something that you are not able to understand, explain, or get
information about
I just can’t think who she could have been – it’s a mystery.
The exact origin of the universe remains a mystery.

National - adjective - relating to one particular nation and not including other nations
Now let’s take a look at the main national and international news.
It is in the national interest to expose this scandal.

Necessary - adjective - "essential or needed in order to do something, provide

something, or make something happen"
I don’t want to be disturbed unless it’s absolutely necessary.
What type of clothing is necessary for survival at these altitudes?

Normal - adjective - something that is normal is how you expect it to be, and is not
unusual or surprising in any way
He didn’t like anything to interrupt his normal daily routine.
You can telephone during normal working hours.

Nothing - pronoun - "not anything"

There was nothing in the room except for a mattress.
She waited and watched, but nothing happened.

Now - adverb - at the present time

She’s been very ill, but she’s much better now.
I’ve never been to a formal dinner party before now, and I’m not quite sure how to behave.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Occasionally - adverb - sometimes, but not frequently or regularly
Simmer the sauce for ten minutes, stirring occasionally.
We go to the theatre only very occasionally.

Organise - verb - "to prepare or arrange an activity or event"

Who’s organizing the conference?
The rally was organized by a pro-government group.

Owe - verb - if you owe someone money, you have to give them a particular amount of
money because you have bought something from them or have borrowed money from
them.
Tell me how much I owe, and I’ll give it to you.
The companies owe as much as £200 billion to foreign lenders.

Pale - adjective - light and not bright in colour

When he returned, he looked pale and weary.
He’s become a pale shadow of his former self.

Particular - adjective - used for emphasizing that you are talking about one specific
person or thing and not anyone or anything else
Are there any particular topics that you would like me to explain further?
I remember one particular incident when he almost drove his car off a cliff.

Peaceful - adjective - not involving war or violence

Our two nations have enjoyed several decades of peaceful coexistence.
The protests were mostly peaceful.

Pity - noun - a strong feeling of sympathy that you have for someone because they are
very unhappy or in a bad situation
She looked at him with a mixture of pity and disgust.
There was pity in her voice.

Pleased - adjective - happy and satisfied

It took a long time to complete the work, but I’m very pleased with the results.
Are you pleased with the way things went yesterday?

Range - noun - a number of different things that are of the same general type
The speaker will deal with a broad range of issues affecting professional women.
Our training programme covers all ranges of ability.

Recommend - verb - to advise someone that they should do something

I recommend that you buy a more powerful computer.
We strongly recommend you insure your luggage when you travel.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Relation - noun - the relationship between countries, people, or organizations
The visit is an important step in improving relations between Japan and China.
We have very good relations with the local police.

Relieved - adjective - "happy and relaxed because something bad has not happened or
because a bad situation has ended"
I wasn’t angry when he finally turned up – just very relieved.
Irene seemed relieved to find out the truth.

Remain - verb - "to continue to be in a particular situation or condition"

The dictator has remained in power for over 20 years.
The economy remains fragile.

Repeat - verb - "to do something again, or to make something happen again"

If you don’t pass this exam you’ll have to repeat a year.
Repeat the exercise eight times with each leg.

Review - noun - the process of studying or examining a situation, policy, or idea again in
order to decide whether it is suitable or satisfactory
A review of all government policy affecting the environment was announced.
The committee has agreed to undertake a review of the way in which public funds are being
used.

Romantic - adjective - "making you have feelings of love and excitement"

We had a romantic dinner in an expensive restaurant.
What could be more romantic than a wedding on a tropical island?

Rude - adjective - "not polite"

I don’t want to seem rude, but I’d rather be alone.
It’s rude to keep people waiting.

Run out - phrasal verb - to use all of something and not have any left
He ran out of time and didn’t finish
Many hospitals are running out of money.

Seriously - adverb - in a way that is bad or dangerous enough to make you worried or
that shows that you think something is important
Was anyone in the car seriously hurt?
We have to think seriously about what we do next.

Session - noun - a period of time used for a particular activity

A question-and-answer session will be held after the lecture.
There was an issue dealt with during the last session of Parliament

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Shadow - noun - an area of darkness that is created when something blocks light
The kids jumped out of the shadows, trying to scare us.
Even on a bright day, the room was in shadow.

Shine - verb - "if the sun shines, it produces a bright light and the weather is usually
warm, also used about the moon, stars, lights, and other things that produce light"
The sun was shining brightly.
The headlights of oncoming cars were shining through the mist.

Short - adjective - "measuring a small height, length, or distance"

She’s short and slim, with light brown hair and blue eyes.
You’ll need three short boards for the shelves.

Stand - verb - to have your body in an upright position supported by your feet
The train was full and we had to stand all the way to Edinburgh.
Mrs Jackson was standing by the open window.

Tall - adjective - a tall person or object has greater height than the average person or
object
He was much taller than I expected.
This tree can grow very tall in the right conditions.

Temporary - adjective - "existing, done, or used for only a limited period of time"
These measures are only temporary.
This is a temporary job, I will look for something more serious in the near future.

Tasty - adjective - "tasty food has a nice flavour"

I love to eat a few tasty snacks.
This is a tasty burger!

Terribly - adverb - very, or extremely"

We’re terribly fortunate the storm didn’t start earlier.
Something is terribly wrong.

Unhealthy - adjective - ill, or not physically fit

Your skin looks pale and unhealthy.
This food is so unhealthy! Don't eat it!

Used to - verb - "used for saying what was true or what happened regularly in the past,
especially when you want to emphasize that this is not true or does not happen now"
I used to enjoy gardening, but I don’t have time for it now.
They always used to ring me and say what they were doing.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Wonder - verb - to think about something because you want to know more facts or details
about it‘
How did they find out?’ she wondered.
I wonder what we can do to help Sylvia.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Attack - verb -​ ​To use violence to harm a person, animal, or place, also to strongly
criticize someone or something for their ideas or actions
She attacked the government's new education policy.
It was shortly before midnight when the terrorists attacked.

Authority - noun - Someone who is considered an expert in a particular subject.

Charles was an authority on antique musical instruments.
The book is widely acknowledged to be the authority on regional English expressions.

Avenue - noun - A wide straight road, especially one with trees on each side.
They live at 27 Shaftesbury Avenue.
We’ve been left with no other avenue but to go to court.

Bacteria - noun - Microorganisms that consist of a single cell.

This place is so dirty, I am sure it is full of bacteria.
He bought a microscope to observe the behaviour of bacterias.

Bankrupt - adjective - A person or business that is bankrupt has officially admitted that
they have no money and cannot pay what they owe.
Many of the companies that they had invested in went bankrupt​.
He declared himself bankrupt in 1994.

Beat - verb - To defeat someone in a game, competition, election, or battle, also to hit
someone violently several times​.
They were arrested for beating their children.
England needed to beat Germany to get to the final.

Before - adverb - "Earlier than a particular time, event, or action".

I went for a run before breakfast.
The others had got there before us.

Bet - verb - To risk an amount of money by saying what you think will happen, especially
in a race or game​.
Thousands of people bet on the result of the match.
I bet £10 on each of the horses.

Cancellation - noun - A decision to stop something that has been arranged from taking
place.
To begin with, there was a general disappointment due to the cancellation of the opening
speech.
The hospital will let you know if there are any cancellations.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Capability - noun - "The ability to do something".
She could win the competition, she certainly has the capability.
The firm wants to increase its manufacturing capability.
Capture - verb - To catch someone so that they become your prisoner.
Most of the men had been either killed or captured.
Police officers finally cornered and captured the dog.

central - adjective - The central part of a place is the area in the middle of it.
They live in central London.
Our offices are very central.

Clarification - noun - "An explanation that makes something clearer and easier to
understand."
Please contact us if you require clarification of any of these .
We are seeking clarification from the judge.

Dare - verb - If you dare to do something, you are not afraid to do it, even though it may
be dangerous or shocking or may cause trouble for you​.
Larry argues with the boss? He wouldn’t dare.
I drove as fast as I dared.

Daycare - noun - Care provided during the day for people who cannot look after
themselves, especially young children or old people​.
They simply didn't quit after they had a baby, but continued working as before and put their
children in daycare.
It would be better for you if you considered daycare.

Dedicate - verb - To spend your time and effort doing something​.

Andy wants to dedicate more time to his hobbies.
This woman has dedicated her whole life to helping others.

Deficit - noun - The difference between the amount of money or goods that a country or
business has and the amount that it has spent or that it owes.
It is a country with trade deficits of £90 billion.
Critics of the European Union accuse it of suffering from a democratic deficit.

Emerge - verb - To come out of something or out from behind something​.

After a few weeks, the caterpillar emerges from its cocoon.
The doors opened and people began to emerge into the street.

Employ - verb - To pay someone regularly to do a job for you or to work as a member of
your organization.
Jean was employed by the company as a computer programmer.
We should employ someone to manage production.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Enforc - verb - To make sure that a law or rule is obeyed by people.
The main role of the police is to uphold and enforce the law.
Troops were sent into the area to enforce the treaty.

Enterprise - noun - A large or important project, especially one that is new or different,
also the ability to think of new ideas and make them succeed.
They are involved in an exciting scientific enterprise.
Carlson showed extraordinary enterprise for such an inexperienced manager.

Fabulous - adjective - Extremely good.

You look fabulous.
This was a fabulous opportunity!

Fall - verb - To move quickly downwards from a higher position, usually by accident​.
Ann’s just fallen downstairs and hurt her back.
I keep falling off my bike.

Fascinate - verb - To attract and interest you very strongly.

It’s a subject that has always fascinated me.
He was fascinated by her gorgeous look!

Feed - verb - To give food to a person or an animal.

The dogs were fed on raw meat.
We’ve been feeding the ducks on the river.

Feminine - adjective - "Having qualities that are traditionally considered to be typical of

women, for example being gentle and delicate".
The look this year is soft and feminine.
Fresh flowers gave a feminine touch to the table.

Gather - verb - If people gather, or if someone gathers them, they come together in one
place to see or do something.
Football fans gathered around the TV in the corner of the bar.
She gathered her children and ran for shelter.

Genuine - adjective - "Real, rather than pretended or false".

Morley looked at her with genuine concern.
We are doing everything we can to help people to work towards genuine democracy.

Gesture - noun - A movement that communicates a feeling or instruction.

Ellen rose from the table, and they made the gesture of rising too.
Maxham held up two fingers in an obscene gesture.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Grade - noun - A level of quality or importance, also a letter or number that shows the
quality of a student’s work.
Their wool is suitable for finer grades of cloth.
You need to improve your grades.

Hazard - noun - Something that could be dangerous or could cause damage or accidents.
One of the most widespread natural hazards is flooding.
We know the hazards of modern warfare.

Heavenly - adjective - Relating to heaven or extremely pleasant, enjoyable, or beautiful.

When you cook I can always smell a heavenly aroma.
I could listen to heavenly choirs of angels all day long.

Hilarious - adjective - Extremely funny.

For some reason, she finds his jokes hilarious.
It was a hilariously funny situation.

Hold - verb - To carry something using your hands or arms,

Can you hold my bag for a moment?
She was holding the catalogue under her arm.

Horizontal - adjective - Straight and parallel to the ground.

Draw a horizontal line across the page.
His sweater is blue with horizontal stripes.

Idea - noun - A thought that you have about how to do something or how to deal with
something.
Where do you get the ideas for your stories?
How did you get the idea to remove the window from the outside?

Immediate - adjective - Happening or done now, without any delay.

Our government must take immediate action. T
The rebels demanded the immediate release of the prisoners.

Impact - verb - An effect, or an influence.

Her paper discusses the likely impact of global warming on climate change.
Tougher environmental laws could have negative impacts on economic growth.

Improvement - noun - The state of being better than before, or the process of making
something better than it was before.
The school is performing well, but we recognize the need for further improvement.
There has been an improvement in relations between the two countries.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Incapable - adjective - Unable to do something.
I think professors at our university seem incapable of any original thought.
The army was badly equipped, and incapable of offering serious resistance.

Join - verb - To become a member of an organization, club etc.

I’m thinking of joining a choir.
He wants to join the army.

Joke - noun - Something you say or do that is intended to make people laugh.
Is this some kind of stupid joke?
Greg sprayed her with water as a joke.

Justified - adjective - If you are justified in doing something, you have a good reason for
doing it and it is right that you should do it.
Were they morally justified in lying to Mrs Keech?
Our fears proved to be justified.

Juvenile - adjective - Relating to young people who have committed a crime or who are
accused of committing a crime or relating to young people.
Each year there are more juvenile criminals.
He is acting so juvenile! I can't believe it!

Keen - adjective - Wanting to do something, or wanting other people to do something.

The government is keen to avoid further conflict with the unions.
We are very keen to encourage more local employers to work with us.

Kick - verb - To hit someone or something with your foot.

Some children will bite and kick when they get angry.
He kicked the bottle towards the bin and missed.

Known - adjective - Used for describing something that people know about or have
discovered​.
He was a violent man and a known drug user.
Known pollutants had been tipped into the water.

Labour - noun - The workers in a particular country, industry, or company considered as

a group.
The demand for skilled labour in the building industry is high.
Hotel managers need skilled staff and can’t afford to rely on casual labour.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Lack - noun - A situation in which you do not have any, or enough, of something that you
need or want​.
The match was cancelled because of lack of support.
Most of his problems stem from a lack of confidence
.
Landmark - noun - "A famous building or object that you can see and recognize easily."
The Statue of Liberty is a very famous landmark.
This book has become a landmark in art criticism.

Launch - verb - To send a missile, space vehicle, satellite, or other object into the air or
into space.
The agency will launch a new weather satellite next month.
The missiles are set to launch at any time.

Law - noun - An official rule that people must obey.

The new law will be passed by Parliament in the spring.
Several traffic laws had been broken.

Magnetic - adjective - A magnetic piece of metal can make iron or steel objects come to it
so that they seem to stick to it or relate to or use magnetism.
I have a magnetic screwdriver in my workshop.
I can feel a strong magnetic force.

Mammal - noun - An animal that is born from its mother’s body, not from an egg, and
drinks its mother’s milk as a baby.
Humans, dogs, and cows are all mammals.
I am sure this animal is a mammal.

March - noun - An organized walk by a group to show that they disagree with something.
She's going on a march on Saturday in protest over the closure of the hospital.
There were protest marches and doctors, nurses, and the population forced the government to
find a solution to the problem.

Mass - noun - A large quantity or number or a large crowd of people.

A mass of people followed the procession.
We need to turn this mass of evidence into a coherent argument.

Mild - adjective - A mild illness or injury is one that is not serious.

They were both suffering from a mild bout of flu.
There are brain injuries ranging from mild to severe.

Naive - adjective - A naive person lacks experience of life and tends to trust other people
and believe things too easily.
Are you kidding? It was such a naive question.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

He is a young, naive 17-year-old.

Namely - adverb - "Used for introducing more detailed information about a subject that
you are discussing."
Some groups, namely students and pensioners, will benefit from the new tax.
She learned an important lesson from failing that exam, namely that nothing is ever certain.

Negotiation - noun - Formal discussions in which people or groups try to reach an

agreement, especially in a business or political situation.
The union said that everything is open to negotiation.
We’ve reached a broad agreement, but the details are subject to negotiation.

Nervously - adjective - Feeling excited and worried, or slightly afraid.

Driving on mountain roads always makes me nervous.
I got very nervous waiting for my turn to be called.

Noble - adjective - "Behaving in an honest and brave way that other people admire."
He was a noble and courageous leader
Jack’s offered to look after the kids. ‘How noble of him!’

Obese - adjective - Too fat, in a way that is dangerous for your health.
He should not eat so much food, he is obese!.
The government is concerned about childhood obesity.

Obsolete - adjective - No longer used because of being replaced by something newer and
more effective​.
Most computer hardware rapidly becomes obsolete.
Will books become obsolete because of computers?

Odds - noun - The chances of something happening.

The odds of getting hit by a falling satellite are very small.
The odds are they won’t succeed.

Omit - verb - To fail to include someone or something, either deliberately or because you
forget.
Important details had been omitted from the article.
She was omitted from the list of contributors to the report.

Opening - noun - An occasion when a new shop, public building etc starts working and
being available for people to use or visit.
Lots of stars were invited to the Gallery’s grand opening.
Finally there was the opening of a new section of ring-road.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Opposed - adjective - Someone who is opposed to something thinks it should not
happen or should not be done​.
He was bitterly opposed to the war.
Some residents were opposed to naming the high school after Martin Luther King.

Paradise - noun - Heaven, the place where some people believe you go when you die if
you have lived a good life or a perfect place or situation.
The Seychelles are what most people think of as an island paradise.
Compared to where I used to work, this place is paradise.

Perfection - noun - A state in which someone or something is perfect or as good as they

can be.
Dennis always seeks perfection in his girlfriends.
The view from our hotel room was simply perfection.

Personnel - noun - The people who work for a company or organization, or who are
members of a military force.
I think there should be a change of personnel on the management team.
We also employ 10,000 workers in 10 factories across the country and additional administrative
personnel.

Phenomenon - noun - An event or situation that can be seen to happen or exist.

Violence in society is not a new phenomenon.
Her new book is a publishing phenomenon.

Pointless - adjective - Lacking any purpose or use.

It’s pointless just waiting here, he’s obviously not coming.
It would be pointless to try and stop him.

Poorly - adverb - Badly.

That was a poorly paid job.
The hospital is poorly equipped.

Qualification - noun - Something such as a degree or a diploma that you get when you
successfully finish a course of study​.
Simon left school with no qualifications.
The number of people obtaining basic craft qualifications has fallen.

Radiation - noun - A form of energy produced during a nuclear reaction that is used for
making electrical power but can also kill or harm humans who receive too much of it.
There is a clear link between exposure to radiation and some forms of cancer.
Some workers at the power station were exposed to high levels of radiation.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Radical - adjective - A radical change or way of doing something is new and very
different from the usual way.
We will have radical cuts in the defence budget.
He surprised us all with his radical views.

Rarity - noun - something that does not happen often.

Visits by presidential candidates are a rarity here.
Hot meals were a rarity.

Readjust - verb - To become capable of dealing with a new situation or environment or

feeling comfortable in it.
He readjusted his tie.
Because the air conditioning was not working properly or because your unfriendly coach driver
refused to readjust it, I got a cold that day.

Receive - verb - To get something that someone gives or sends to you.

Fewer people receive state benefits now.
She received a camera as a twenty-fifth birthday present.

Sacred - adjective - Connected with religion.

Jerusalem is sacred to Christians, Muslims, and Jews.
This is a sacred ground, remember to respect that!

Self-esteem - noun - The feeling that you are as important as other people and that you
deserve to be treated well.
She suffers from low self-esteem.
I think that the lack of self-esteem among men underlies the whole situation.

Shade - noun - A slightly dark area where the light from the sun does not reach because
it is blocked by something .
He pulled a wicker chair into the shade.
I spent the afternoon reading under the shade of an umbrella.

Takeover - noun - A situation in which one company takes control of another company by
buying a majority of its shares.
Shareholders have accepted a takeover bid.
The business is vulnerable to a hostile takeover.

Teamwork - noun - Work that you do together with other people.

We won't achieve anything without good teamwork.
Nowadays teamwork is a skill that is highly demanded by employers.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Threaten - verb - To tell someone that you might or you will cause them harm, especially
in order to make them do something.
He’s been threatening me for months.
The terrorists are threatening to kill the hostages.

Tip - noun - A narrow or pointed end, especially of something long or thin, also a small
amount of money that you give to someone in addition to what you owe for a service​.
Shall we leave a tip for the waiter?
It is located in the southern tip of the island.

Transaction - noun - "The action or process of buying or selling something".

She had been involved in several suspicious transactions.
The sale of goods is the most common form of commercial transaction.

Ultimate - adjective - "Happening at the end of a process or activity".

The incident affected the ultimate outcome of the war.
Independence remains their ultimate political goal.

Upward - adjective - "Moving or turned towards a higher position or a higher level or

amount."
The dollar is still on an upward trend, despite pressure from exporters.
There was an upward trend in sales.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Abandon - verb - To leave someone when you should stay with them and look after them.
His mother abandoned him when he was five days old.
I’m sorry I abandoned you like that.

Absolutely - adverb - Completely: used for emphasis.

Are you absolutely certain you saw him?
The food was absolutely fantastic.

Abuse - noun - Cruel, violent, or unfair treatment, especially of someone who does not
have the power to prevent it​.
The regime had been responsible for serious human rights abuses.
Physical abuse and neglect of children is too common.

Accepted - adjective - "considered by most people to be reasonable, right, or normal"

The accepted wisdom is that public services are best run by governments.
Corruption was an accepted part of the political culture.

Accomplish - verb - to succeed in doing something, especially something that you have
been trying to do for a period of time
His job was to achieve the release of the hostages, a task he successfully accomplished.

Action - noun - the process of doing something, especially in order to stop a bad
situation from developing or continuing
Officials are not planning any drastic action.
We urge the authorities to take action.

Back - adverb - "in the direction that is behind you"

Don’t look back, but there’s a man following you.
He asked us to move back a few yards.

Balance - noun - "the ability to remain steady in an upright position"

An ear infection is affecting his balance.
He lost his balance and tipped backwards in the chair.

Beak - noun - the hard curved or pointed part of a bird’s mouth

It carried a huge stick in its beak.
It is an elegant bird, about 2 ft tall, with grey feathers, a black tail and a yellow beak.

Beware - verb - "used to warn someone of danger or difficulty"

Beware, buying a house is full of problems.
You should beware of using too many colours together.

Birth - noun - the occasion of a baby being born

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

We are happy to announce the birth of our son Andrew.
John wanted to be present at the birth.

Campaign - noun - a series of actions intended to produce political or social change

Local people have launched a campaign against the hospital’s closure.
There’s been a campaign by local fishermen to ban imported cod.

Care - noun - effort and attention

I can see that a lot of care has gone into your work.
the label on the box said ‘Handle with care’.

Catch - verb - to stop and hold something that is moving through the air, especially an
object that someone throws
She tossed the packet of crisps to Kate, who caught it with one hand.
‘Can I borrow your pen?’ ‘Here, catch!’

Certain - adjective - having no doubts that something is true

I’m not absolutely certain, but I think I’m right.
You can be pretty certain she’s not going to like it.

Chaotic - adjective - "happening in a confused way and without any order or

organization"
The situation at the border was chaotic, with thousands of refugees arriving every day.
Consequently, in order to improve the chaotic traffic situation it is advisable to choose other
means of transport as mentioned above.

Dawn - noun - the beginning of the day, when it begins to get light
I don’t think he went to sleep until dawn.
They had decided to leave at dawn.

Decisive - adjective - making the final result of a situation completely certain

Gettysburg, site of the final, decisive battle of the Civil War.
Cleveland’s reputation for reliability was the decisive factor in winning the contract.

Deepen - verb - if a bad situation deepens, it becomes worse

The economic crisis has deepened.
There was a deepening conflict between the political rivals.

Deliver - verb - to take something, especially goods or letters, to a place

The package was delivered this morning.
Would you like to have the latest fashions delivered to your door?

Dependent - adjective - if you are dependent on someone or something, you need them in
order to live or succeed

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

They are a married couple with dependent children.
They hate being dependent on their parents.

Easy - adjective - not difficult to do, or not needing much work

Finding somewhere to live in London isn’t easy.
This cake is very easy to make.

Effect - noun - a change that is produced in one person or thing by another

Scientists are studying the chemical’s effect on the environment.
Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.

Eliminate - verb - "to get rid of something that is not wanted or needed"
Many infectious diseases have been virtually eliminated.
He has had to eliminate dairy products from his diet.

Emperor - noun - a man who rules an empire

I would certainly go, because it fascinates me how more or less 2,000 years ago, the Roman
emperors could build up such a big empire.
He is such a powerful emperor.

Faculty - noun - a department or group of departments in a university

He works in the law faculty.
I graduated from Warsaw University, where I studied the faculties of applied linguistics and
journalism.

Fairness - noun - "behaviour that is reasonable and right"

He believes in fairness and decency.
I think you have not treated us with fairness and truthfulness.

Far - adjective - used for talking about distance

You can go outside and play, but don’t go far.
The main post office is not far from the library.

Feasible - adjective - possible or likely to succeed

There seems to be only one feasible solution.
It is financially feasible to use coal as an energy source.

Gain - verb - to get or achieve something, usually as a result of a lot of effort or usually
as a result of a gradual process
Her theories have only recently gained acceptance.
She hopes to gain experience by working abroad for a year.

Garden - noun - an area of land next to a house that belongs to the house, usually with
grass and plants growing in it

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

The house has a large garden with fruit trees.
A stream ran through Florence’s garden.

Generous - adjective - giving people more of your time or money than is usual or
expected
Merton is clearly a warm and generous person.
Billy was very generous to people who had less than he did.

Giant - noun - a very large and successful company or a man who is much taller and
stronger than most men
The story is about a friendly giant.
People have always seen him as a "big friendly giant", always ready to help those who are in
need.

Happen - verb - to take place, usually without being planned

The accident happened at 4.30 pm yesterday.
He seemed to be unaware of what was happening around him.

Harm - noun - injury, damage, or problems caused by something that you do

Eating sweets occasionally doesn’t do children any harm.
The new law is likely to do irreparable harm in urban areas.

Hate - verb - to dislike someone or something very much

Go away! I hate you!
I hate the smell of cigarettes.

Health care - noun - the services that look after people’s health
Homeless people need better access to health care.
A large proportion of these taxes go towards providing health care.

Iceberg - noun - a very large piece of ice floating in the sea with only a small amount of it
above the surface of the water
The ship hit an iceberg.
Another animal you cannot miss is the Humboldt penguin - you can see thousands of them over
an iceberg

Idealistic - adjective - "believing very firmly in something which is good but probably
impossible to achieve"
We were young and idealistic.
Carolina has conquered the world, not only through her impressive results but through her
appearance in front of the cameras, her idealistic ideas and her constantly happy mood.

Illustration - noun - a picture, drawing, or photograph used for decorating a book or

explaining something

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

This was a children’s book with beautiful illustrations!
The illustration shows the correct grip to use.

Immediately - adverb - very quickly and without delay

She decided to leave immediately.
I did not immediately realize how serious the situation was.

Jury - noun - a group of people, usually 12, who judge a court case or a competition
The jury returned its verdict after five hours’ deliberation.
The jury found him guilty of murdering three people.

Keep - verb - to stay in a state, position, or place without changing or moving

Keep still while I brush your hair.
People kept quiet because they were afraid.

Know - verb - to have learned or found out about something

If you don’t know the answer, just guess.
How do you know my name?

Land - noun - an area of ground, especially one that is used for a particular purpose such
as farming or building
The land around here is quite flat.
He has acres of agricultural land.

Lay - verb - to put someone or something down in a careful way, especially so that they
are lying flat
Lay the baby on her back.
We lay flowers on her grave once a week.

Leader - noun - someone who is responsible for or in control of a group, organization,

country etc
He's fallen two laps behind the leaders.
Microsoft is a world leader in software design.

Least - adjective / adverb - used for referring to a smaller amount than any other amount,
or the smallest amount possible
The President seemed to be the one who knew least about the crisis.
He wonders why his most popular songs are always the ones he spends the least time on.

Like - adjective / adverb - "similar or in a similar way or used for emphasizing a quality in
the way that someone does something or in the way that something happens"
I think she was like me, she didn’t really want to get involved.
The news spread like wildfire.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Machinery - noun - "machines"
You should not drive or operate machinery after taking the medicine.
They bought brand new industrial machinery.

Magnificently - adjective - very impressive and beautiful, good, or skilful

It was so exciting to see these magnificent animals in the wild.
She gave a magnificent performance.

Make - verb - to create or produce something by working

Jane made coffee while the guests were finishing their dessert.
She makes all her own clothes.

Mansion - noun - "a large house, especially a beautiful one"

The street is lined with enormous mansions where the rich and famous live.
Do you want to live in a grand mansion, an expensive flat or even a castle?

Masculine - adjective - "with qualities thought to be typical of men"

He has such an amazing masculine voice!
Firefighter is a traditionally masculine role.

Naked - adjective - "not wearing any clothes"

She stood there stark naked.
The half-naked body was found on the river bank.

Narrow - adjective - small in width, especially when compared to how high or long
something is.
The road has been narrowed to one lane.
His eyes narrowed angrily.

Neck - noun - the part of the body that joins the head to the rest of the body
The three winners had medals placed round their necks.
The tight collar pinched his neck.

Network - noun - a set of computers that are connected to each other so that each
computer can send and receive information to and from the other computers
All staff have access to a computer network.
They have an information network linked to more than 16,000 libraries.

Objectively - adverb - using facts and not influenced by personal feelings or beliefs
This test assesses all candidates objectively.
The articles are objectively written and what is more they are comprehensible to the majority of
people.

Oblige - verb - to force someone to do something because it is the law, a rule, or a duty

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Employers are legally obliged to pay the minimum wage.
They felt obliged to offer him hospitality.

Observation - noun - "the process of watching someone or something carefully, in order

to find something out"
She’s been admitted to hospital for observation.
He made an interesting observation.

Obstacle - noun - a difficulty or problem that prevents you from achieving something.
Disabled people succeed in overcoming many obstacles in everyday life.
Tiredness was the biggest obstacle in the way of their attempt to rescue the climbers.

Pace - noun - the speed at which something happens or is done

The pace of technological change increased steadily during the 20th century.
The pace of life in the village is slow and easy.

Partially - adverb - "not completely"

There was a partially clothed body discovered in the woods.
The airline is partially owned by British Airways.

Particular - adjective - used for emphasizing that you are talking about one specific
person or thing and not anyone or anything else
Are there any particular topics that you would like me to explain further?
I remember one particular incident when he almost drove his car off a cliff.

Pastry - noun - a food made by mixing flour, fat, and water.

The mixture is rolled flat and used for making pies and other food.I made some pastry for the
pie.
I love to eat a small cake that is made with pastry.

Position - noun - the way that someone’s body or object is placed

I dragged myself into a sitting position.
Raise the lever to the up position to get the water to flow.

Question - noun - something that someone asks you when they want information
Why won’t you answer my question?
I regretted asking the question as soon as the words were out.

Radically - adverb - if something changes radically, it changes completely or in a way

that is very noticeable
Computers have radically changed our lives.
We need a radically different approach to the problem.

Rank - noun - someone’s official position in the armed forces, police, fire service etc

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Her rank when she retired was captain.
He joined in 1998, and quickly rose to the rank of inspector.

Rating - noun - a measurement of how good or popular someone or something is

The university consistently receives a high rating for the quality of its research.
Labour’s popularity rating fell for the first time since the election.

Read - verb - to look at and understand words in a letter, book, newspaper etc
I read a few chapters of a book every night.
He was sitting reading in the waiting room.

Sacrifice - verb - to give up something important or valuable so that you or other people
can do or have something else
She sacrificed her career to bring up the children.
Would you sacrifice some of your salary for more holiday time?

Safe - adjective - protected from being hurt, damaged, lost, stolen etc
Will my car be safe if I park it in the street?
It’s difficult to make airports safe from terrorist attacks.

Safety - noun - the fact that a thing is safe to do or use

Do we know enough about the safety of these vaccines?
Their cars have a reputation for safety and reliability.

Satisfied - adjective - pleased with what has happened or with what you have achieved.
Honestly, some people are never satisfied!
The President declared himself satisfied with the progress of the talks.

Take - verb - To move something or someone from one place to another.

Don’t forget to take an extra pair of shoes.
Remember to take a pen with you.

Talkative - adjective - A talkative person talks a lot.

A talkative person talks a lot.
My son is very talkative.

Target - noun - An object that you have to hit in a game or a sport or a person, building,
or area that someone intends to attack.
Few players managed to get their shots on target.
Foreigners have become targets for attack by terrorists.

Tasteless - adjective - "having no flavour"

I hate that place, they serve a tasteless chicken!
The meat was dry and tasteless.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Unaffordable - adjective - Too expensive for people to be able to buy.
Such clothes are unaffordable for most people.
£5 per session is obviously unaffordable for students.

Uncertainty - noun - A nervous feeling that you have because you think bad things might
happen.
Minimize uncertainty about the future by taking expert advice.
There was a lot of uncertainty about whether or not he would attend the event.

Uncomfortable - adjective - "If you are uncomfortable, you have an unpleasant or slightly
painful feeling in part of your body."
You’ll be uncomfortable for a few days after the surgery.
She felt cold and uncomfortable.

Uncover - verb - To find out about something that has been hidden or kept secret.
The initial investigation failed to uncover a number of important facts.
Troops uncovered a terrorist training camp.

Undergo - verb - To experience something, especially something that is unpleasant but

necessary.
She underwent emergency surgery for suspected appendicitis.
The country is currently undergoing major political change.

Understand - verb - To know what someone or something means.

If you don’t understand, just put your hand up.
The instructions were difficult to understand.

Vacancy - noun - A job that is available for someone to do.

We have several vacancies to fill in the Sales Department.
There are always plenty of vacancies for bar staff.

Value - noun - The amount that something is worth, measured especially in money.
You can’t put a value on a human life.
The value of the painting is not known.

Verify - verb - To check or to prove that something is true or correct.

There was no way to verify his claims.
His story has been verified by other witnesses.

Vest - noun - A piece of underwear for the top half of your body.
You'll need a vest in this weather.
That policeman is wearing a bulletproof vest.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Abnormal - adjective - not usual or typical, especially in a way that is worrying or that
shows there may be something wrong or harmful.
They found abnormal levels of lead in the water.
The cost of it for the Chinese population is an abnormal level of pollution, that causes many
deaths every year.

Aboard - adverb - in or on a ship, bus, train, or plane

It’s time to get aboard.
He travelled aboard the space shuttle Discovery.

Absorb - verb - to take in a gas, liquid, or other substance.

The timber expands as it absorbs moisture.
Caffeine is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream.

Accelerate - verb - to happen or make something happen at a faster rate.

The increased capital could greatly accelerate economic development.
The decline of her health seemed to suddenly accelerate.

Bad - adjective - not pleasant or enjoyable

She was feeling stressed after a bad day at work.
The weather was really bad – it rained all week.

Basically - adverb - used for saying that you are talking about the most important aspects
of something and not mentioning the specific detail.
The book is basically a love story.
Basically, their goal is to promote healthier eating habits.

Behind - adverb - at the back of someone or something

The teacher was standing behind me, looking over my shoulder.
Some papers had fallen behind the cupboard.

Board - noun - a long thin flat piece of wood, used especially for making floors and other
parts of buildings
There’s a loose board on the bedroom floor.
Boards had been nailed across the broken window.

Bribe - verb - to give money or presents to someone so that they will help you by doing
something dishonest or illegal.
They were found guilty of trying to bribe officials.
They tried to bribe the judge to find their brother not guilty.

Cabin - noun - a private room on a ship for a passenger or one of the people working on
the ship.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

For many years, the visitor could only stay in one of the few cabins near the lake, enjoying a
breathtaking view.
This was a beautiful log cabin made of heban wood.

Call - verb - "to use a particular name or title for someone or to telephone someone"
He called her from the station.
Her name’s Elizabeth, but we call her Liz.

Capacity - noun - "the amount of something that can be put in a container, or the number
of people that a place has room for.".
There are plans to increase the capacity of the stadium.
The fuel tanks have a capacity of 25,000 litres.

Carry - verb - to hold someone or something using your hands, arms, or body and take
them somewhere.
Do you mind carrying this box for me?
Luke was carrying a bag over his shoulder.

Cause - noun - an event, thing, or person that makes something happen.

The major cause of these accidents is drivers going too fast.
Write an essay on the causes of the First World War.

Caution - noun - careful thought and lack of hurry in order to try to avoid risks or danger.
He was instructed to act with extreme caution.
Politicians should exercise caution in their expenditure of taxpayers’ money.

Certainly - adverb - "used for emphasizing that something is definitely true or will
definitely happen"
I certainly hope you’re right.
There certainly wasn’t any point in doing it now.

Dark - adjective - lacking light

By this time it was ten o’clock and completely dark.
When they left, it was already starting to get dark.

Daydream - verb - to spend time thinking about something pleasant, especially when you
should be doing something more serious.
Stop daydreaming and get back to work!
She just sits in class daydreaming about her horses.

Deal - verb - "to give cards to the people playing a game of cards"
"Whose turn is it to deal?"
Each player is dealt three cards.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Defect - noun - "a fault in someone or something"
There are a few minor design defects.
A mechanical defect caused the plane to crash.

Earth - noun - "the planet on which we live"

The Moon goes round the Earth.
They studied life on Earth in all its forms.

Ecology - noun - the study of the environment and the way that plants, animals, and
humans live together and affect each other.
The oil spill caused terrible damage to the fragile ecology of the coast.
This solution supports business - well, then it's up to the residents to choose either business or
ecology.

Effectiveness - noun - the degree to which something works well and produces the result
that was intended.
The effectiveness of this drug was checked through clinical trials.
These recommendations are aimed at improving effectiveness and efficiency.

Empire - noun - a number of countries ruled by one person or government’

I would certainly go, because it fascinates me how more or less 2,000 years ago, the Roman
emperors could build up such a big empire.
Tell me more about the collapse of the Soviet empire.

Facilitate - verb - to make it possible or easier for something to happen

The counsellor may be able to facilitate communication between the couple.
I will do everything in my power to facilitate the process.

Fake - adjective - made to look like something real in order to trick people
He was using a fake passport and got caught.
On the walls there are paintings which are very artistic - one of them is a fake Picasso.

Feast - noun - a large meal

Finally, they have a feast with a lot of food and wine.
What a feast! I feel so stuffed!

Feeling - noun - an emotional state, for example anger or happiness

Parents often experience deep feelings of guilt if their children fail.
I don't want to cause any bad feeling between us.

Flee - verb - to escape from a dangerous situation or place very quickly

Earthquake victims have been forced to flee their homes.
Police caught up with one of the gang, but the other three fled.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Gadget - noun - a small tool or piece of equipment that does something useful or
impressive
I believe that robots and hi-tech gadgets will definitely invade our private and professional life.
I love all the new gadgets that are released each year!

Gathering - noun - a group of people meeting together

Easter is one of the best times for a family gathering.
There was the greatest ever gathering of world leaders in one place at one time.

Geology - noun - the scientific study of the structure of the Earth, the way in which it was
formed, and how it has changed over time.
I have graduated from school and I am now studying geology at the University of Greece.
I bought a book about geology.

get - verb - to obtain, receive, or be given something

Ross’s father got a new job.
You get ten points for each correct answer.

Gifted - adjective - with an impressive natural ability

She’s exceptionally gifted in music.
She is such a gifted child.

Glamour - noun - "a special quality that makes a person, place, or situation seem very
exciting, attractive, or fashionable"
Most other cities cannot rival Hollywood for glamour.
Her presence adds a touch of glamour to the government team.

Good - adjective - "of a high quality or standard"

We saw a really good film last night
They were all dressed in their best clothes.

Grab - verb - to take hold of something in a rough or rude way

He grabbed the knife before I could get to it.
One of the men was grabbed and bundled into a car.

Habitat - noun - the type of place that a particular animal usually lives in or a particular
plant usually grows in, for example a desert, forest, or lak .
This is a rare bird that is in danger of losing its natural habitat.
We want to see lions in their natural habitat.

Happily - adverb - "used when you are pleased about something"

Happily, she wasn’t injured in the crash.
He and his wife are happily settled in their new home.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Hatred - noun - a very strong feeling that you dislike someone or something very much
Some people have a hatred of anything new.
The three former Army buddies shared a common hatred for the government.

Heart - noun - the organ in your chest that makes blood flow around your bod
I could hear his heart beating.
Did you know he had a weak heart?

Hostile - adjective - behaving in a very unfriendly or threatening way towards someone

The minister found himself in the middle of a hostile crowd.
She was openly hostile to him.

Idol - noun - someone that you admire very much

He had a chance to play against his former idol.
As they are children's heroes, we can be pretty sure children will be demanding the same things
their idols wear.

Imaginative - adjective - "involving new, different, or exciting ideas"

They suggested some very imaginative ways of reducing costs.
I think those are problems that may require more imaginative solutions.

Imitate - verb - to copy someone’s actions, words, or behaviour, often in order to make
people laugh
Stop that, now!’ he said, imitating his father.
She tried to imitate the way the models walked.

Impersonal - adjective - not showing any friendly feelings or interest in someone

His manner was cold and impersonal.
The council was accused of being too remote and impersonal.

Imprison - verb - to put someone in a prison

Their leaders were arrested and imprisoned.
Taylor was imprisoned in 2005 for burglary.

Jam - verb - something that is stuck in a machinę or that prevents the parts of a machinę
from moving
The machine keeps jamming.
Dirt has jammed the engine.

Judge - noun - someone whose job is to make decisions in a court of law

The judge sentenced her to ninety days in prison.
She was to go before a judge the next morning.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Journal - noun - a magazine containing articles relating to a particular subject or
profession
What I miss, however, in our library are the books and journals devoted to science.
Have you read the British Medical Journal?

Kill - verb - to make a person or other living thing die

Each year thousands of people are killed and injured on the roads.
Many people believe that killing animals for sport is morally wrong.

Knowledgeable - adjective - "knowing a lot about many different subjects or about one
particular subject"
He’s extremely knowledgeable about business and finance.
He's very knowledgeable about art.

Language - noun - the method of human communication using spoken or written words
Linguistics is the study of language and how people use it.
They have no money, no home, no food, and no language skills.

Lawn - noun - an area of grass that is cut short, especially in someone’s garden
Let’s have lunch on the lawn.
The lawn needs mowing again.

Leadership - noun - the position of being the leader or being in charge of an organization,
country etc
They invaded the Roman Empire under the leadership of Alaric I.
The leadership struggle in the party grew more intense yesterday.

Legendary - adjective - mentioned or described in a legend

There was a real Arthur on whom the legendary king was based.
Look! It is the legendary bad boy of rock, Mick Jagger.

Magistrate - noun - a judge in a court for minor crimes

In public life women have reached positions as magistrates, coun[cillo]rs and ministers.
The case will be heard by a magistrate.

Manage - verb - to succeed in doing something, especially something that needs a lot of
effort or skill
I don’t know how you manage.
I don’t think I can manage a long walk today.

Mark - noun - an area of an unpleasant substance such as dirt or oil on the surface of
something that is different in colour from the rest or a symbol which is used for giving
information
I've put a mark on the map where I think we should go for a picnic.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

The sauce has left a mark on the cloth.

Matter - noun - something that you are discussing, considering, or dealing with
Teachers feel this is a matter for discussion with parents.
Babies were tested for the disease as a matter of course.

Natural - adjective - existing in nature and not produced or caused by people

This cloth is made from natural fibres.
All the ingredients we use are completely natural.

Near - adjective / adverb - "close to someone or something"

A group of students were standing near the entrance.
The tornado destroyed two houses near Tulsa.

Nerve - noun - "one of the groups of fibres in your body that carry messages between
your brain and the rest of your body, communicating pain, pressure, feelings of heat and
cold etc"
A pinched nerve is causing her a lot of pain.
I sometimes suffer from nerves when I'm speaking in public.

Newsletter - noun - written information sent regularly to members of an organization,

containing news about events, activities etc
And if you decide to use our newsletter service, you'll always be up-to-date.
Have you read the newspaper today?

Night - noun - the part of each 24-hour period when it is dark.

It was a lovely starlit night.
I woke up in the middle of the night.

Nomination - noun - an official suggestion that someone should get a job or a prize, or
the decision to give them a job or a prize.
The film received an Oscar nomination for best foreign language film.
We need nominations for her successor.

Obesity - noun - a condition in which someone is too fat in a way that is dangerous for
their health
Currently, 15% of the population are classified as obese.
Less physical activity and [a] poor diet can lead to being overweight or even obese.

Obligatory - adjective - something that is obligatory must be done in order to obey a law
or rule
It is obligatory for members to be insured.
I think this is a very good way of encouraging people to learn to like exercise without them
having to do it because it is obligatory.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Occupation - noun - a job. This word is used especially on forms and in formal writing
Approximately half the people interviewed were in manual occupations.
Please give your name, address, and occupation.

Occupy - verb - if someone occupies a room, building, area of land, seat, bed, or other
place during a period of time, they use it
The Smith family have occupied this farm for over a hundred years.
All the seats on the bus were occupied.

Pain - noun - a feeling that you have in a part of your body when you are hurt or ill
Harry has been enduring considerable back pain for a number of years.
The fresh air had done nothing to ease the pain Kelly felt in her head.

Part - noun - one of the pieces, sections, aspects etc that something consists of.
It was a pretty boring class, but the part about using spreadsheets was quite useful.
I didn’t mind the written paper – that’s the easy part.

Payable - adjective - an amount of money that is payable must be paid.

A supplement is payable for a single room.
Rent is payable monthly.

Perceive - verb - to understand or think about something in a particular way.

School heads perceive their roles in different ways.
Computers were often perceived as a threat.
Race - noun - a competition that decides who is the fastest at doing something,
especially running.
Marlene needs to win the last race to retain her title.
There are three main candidates in the race for the presidency.

Random - adjective - "chosen or happening without any particular method, pattern, or

purpose"
They performed random drug testing of Olympic athletes.
The rooms suggested to be filmed have not been chosen at random.

React - verb - to behave in a particular way because of something that is happening

around you or something that someone is doing to you
I wasn’t sure how you would react.
The financial markets reacted badly to the latest news on inflation.

Sack - noun - to tell someone that they can no longer work at their job.
Hundreds of workers are to be sacked at the factory.
The club has sacked their manager.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Saint - noun - someone who the Christian church officially honours after their death
because they have lived an especially holy life.
It was a holy place, the shrine of a saint.
Catherine of Siena was made a saint in 1461.

Satisfactorily - adjective - "good enough to be accepted in a particular situation"

I have still not received a satisfactory answer to my question.
The patient was said to be in a satisfactory condition.

Say - verb - to express something using words.

She said that she liked dancing.
I’ve already said sorry for hurting his feelings.

Tactic - noun - a particular method or plan for achieving something

The governor’s tactics involved accusing his opponent of being too liberal.
She had often used the tactic of threatening to resign.

Takeover - noun - a situation in which one company takes control of another company by
buying a majority of its shares.
Shareholders have accepted a takeover bid.
The business is vulnerable to a hostile takeover.

Unattractive - adjective - with an ugly appearance or unpleasant​.

I now faced the unattractive prospect of a 12-hour bus journey.
That was a very unattractive building.

Unforeseen - adjective - an unforeseen situation, especially a problem, is one that you

did not expect.
The show was cancelled due to unforeseen circumstances.
I don't know what happened, everything was so unforeseen.

Vague - adjective - not clearly or fully explained.

Some aspects of the law were somewhat vague and ill-defined.
Witnesses gave only a vague description of the driver.

Wait - verb - to stay in one place because you expect or hope that something will happen.
He was attacked while he was waiting for a bus.
The airport was full of anxious relatives, waiting nervously for news of the missing plane.

Walk - verb - to move forwards by putting one foot in front of the other.
Has your little boy learned to walk yet?
I like to walk around the lake at sunset.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Wardrobe - noun - a large piece of furniture like a large cupboard where you can hang
your clothes.
Ted was putting his clean clothes away in the wardrobe.
She has an extensive wardrobe.

Wave - verb - a line of water that rises up on the surface of a sea, lake, or river.
The boat was smashed by a huge wave.
Children swam and played in the waves.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Abortion - noun - A medical operation in which a developing baby is removed from a
woman’s body so that it is not born alive​.
The number of abortions performed each year is dropping.
She had an abortion when she was 15 years old.

Acceptance - noun - General agreement that something is true, reasonable, or cannot be

changed.
There is widespread acceptance of these principles.
Anti-racist policies were gradually gaining acceptance at that time.

Accumulate - verb - To get more and more of something over a period of time.
Over the years, I had accumulated hundreds of books.
Medical evidence for the benefits of the procedure has been accumulating.

Accustomed - adjective - If you are accustomed to something, you have experienced it

often enough for it to seem normal to you.
I've worked nights for years now so I've grown accustomed to it.
She isn't accustomed to dealing with so much media attention.

Ball - verb - To be quick to understand and react to things.

She's over ninety, but she's still on the ball.
When you're at Sants station, you'll need to be on the ball to find the tube.

Basis - noun - A particular method or system used for doing or organizing something.
Tickets will be sold on a first-come, first-served basis.
There is no scientific basis for these claims.

Best - adjective - "Used for referring to the person or thing that is the most satisfactory,
suitable, pleasant, effective, of the highest quality etc."
Coaching football is the next best thing to playing.
Negotiation is always the best way of settling a dispute.

Beyond - adverb / preposition - Past a place or outside an area.

The empire extended to the River Danube and beyond.
He could see a line of cypress trees and, beyond it, a landscape of red hills.

Cater - verb - To provide food and drinks at an event.

How many are we catering for at the wedding reception?
I can understand why you shortlisted these three proposals as all of them seem good enough to
cater for our canteen.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Cereal - noun - "A food made from grain, for example wheat, oats, or corn, mainly eaten
with milk for breakfast."
I like to eat a bowl of cereal for breakfast.
During this part you can see cereal crops, mainly wheat.

Changeable - adjective - "Tending to change suddenly and often."

This is a period of rather changeable weather.
I must say that summers here are a bit mild and changeable.

Chatty - adjective - Someone who is chatty enjoys talking a lot in a friendly way.
Rosie is certainly in a chatty mood today.
My sister is very chatty.

Date - noun - The name and number of a particular day or year or a particular day, month,
or year when something happens.
The date on the report is 24 October, 2005.
The precise date of the book’s publication is not yet known.

Debut - noun - The first time that a performer or sports player appears in public.
Cooper made his debut at Covent Garden in 1989.
Madonna’s film debut in Desperately Seeking Susan.

Dedicated - adjective - "Spending all your time and effort on something."

We are fortunate to have such a highly skilled and dedicated workforce.
He was very hard-working and dedicated to his research.

Deduction - noun - "An amount or number taken from a total."

Italian workers pay far more in tax and other deductions.
Interest will be paid without deduction of tax.

Defence - noun - "Actions that you take to protect someone or something that is being
attacked."
Two of his friends came to his defence.
Huge amounts of government money are spent on defence.

Edible - adjective - "Food that is edible is safe or good enough to eat."

The food in the cafeteria is barely edible.
Part of your journey can be made through the forests where you can pick up some edible
berries.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Elite - noun - A small group of people who have a lot of advantages and keep the most
power and influence​.
Only a small elite among mountaineers can climb these routes.
But before you decide to become one of the elite, you should think about all the freedom you
would be giving up and all the freedom you would get.

Enclose - verb - To surround someone or something.

The swimming pool was enclosed by a high fence.
Her arms enclosed him.

Engage - verb - To attract and keep someone’s interest or attention.

A good radio script should be able to engage the listener.
The debate about food safety has engaged the whole nation.

Envisage - verb - To have something as a plan or an intention.

We envisage charging a small sum for the use of our services.
It was initially envisaged that the work would last for about a month.

Fascination - noun - The power to interest or attract people very strongly.

The place had held a strange fascination for her ever since.
The idealism of the 1960s continues to exert a fascination.

Feel - verb - To be in a particular state as a result of an emotion or a physical feeling.

I was feeling quite cheerful when we set out.
Sam felt cold and utterly miserable.

Fiction - noun - Books and stories about imaginary events and people.
Hardy wrote poetry as well as fiction.
It is sometimes difficult to distinguish fact from fiction in the book
.
Finish - verb - to do the last part of something so that it is complete.
I wish you’d let me finish my sentence!
She had just finished dressing the children when the phone rang.

Garment - noun - A piece of clothing. This word is used especially when talking about the
production and sale of clothes.
The garment workers were being paid very low wages.
They were luxurious garments, made of silk and velvet.

Generalization - noun - A statement that is true in most situations

We can draw some interesting generalizations from this data.
It’s unfair to make generalizations about teenagers being lazy and untidy.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Genetic - adjective - "relating to genes, or to the study of genes"
Doctors believe the condition is caused by a genetic defect.
Mendel thought that basically it is the genetic materiał which is responsible for the future
development of a child.

Germ - noun - "A form of bacteria that spreads disease among people or animals"
It’s a germ that causes sore throats.
Wash your hands before cooking so that you don't spread germs.

Hand - noun - The part of your body at the end of each arm that you use for picking up
and holding things.
Mrs Bennet put her hands over her ears to shut out the noise.
He was holding a mug of coffee in his left hand.

Hardship - noun - A situation in which life is very difficult, usually because you do not
have enough money​.
Even slight rent increases would cause considerable hardship.
Many students are facing financial hardship.

Hectic - adjective - "Full of busy activity"

This week has been really hectic.
Alongside today's hectic life we need to adapt fashion to our lives and interests.

Hesitation - noun - A pause before doing something, or a feeling that you should not do
it, especially because you are nervous, embarrassed, or worried.
After a brief hesitation, he answered ‘Yes’.
I would have no hesitation in recommending him for the job.

Historian - noun - Someone who studies or writes about events in history.

His father was a famous historian.
I would be very willing to help historians solve the enigma about the origin of Thailand.

Immensely - adverb - Very, or very much: used for emphasizing what you are saying.
The visitors had enjoyed the game immensely.
He is such an immensely talented singer.

Implication - noun - A possible effect or result.

We believe that GM crops will have serious implications for the environment.
We need to consider the financial implications of these changes.

Import - noun - A product from another country, that is bought with money from your
country.
China must produce more food to reduce its reliance on imports.
American import cheap products from Asia.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Inappropriately - adjective - Not suitable in a particular situation.
Clearly the punishment is inappropriate for the crime.
It is perhaps inappropriate to talk of ‘rights’ in this context.

Jargon - noun - "Special words and phrases that are only understood by people who do
the same kind of work."
I studied computer science and I am familiar with computer jargon.
I don't understand any word, is this some kind of jargon?

Jealousy - noun - An unhappy feeling because someone has something that you would
like or can do something that you would like to do.
Professional jealousy can cause problems at work.
Jealousy can ruin relationships.

Jointly - adverb - In a way that involves two or more people or groups sharing or doing
something together.
The seminar is being organized jointly by the Canadian and Chilean governments.
A jointly owned property does not have to be owned equally.

Junk - noun - Old, broken, or useless things.

You should get rid of all that junk in your garage.
His car is just a heap of junk.

King - noun - A man who rules a country and is the senior male member of the royal
family.
William was crowned King of England on Christmas Day, 1066.
Oswald became king in 634.

Knob - noun - A round handle on a door or drawer.

Turn the black knob to switch on the radio.
It's so obvious that when we turn a knob on or when we switch on something [and] there is no
electricity, we are at a loss!

Layout - noun - "The way in which the different parts of something are arranged."
The user gradually becomes familiar with the layout of the keyboard.
The layout of your house and garden can deter crime.

Leave - verb - "To go away from a place"

We left London at three in the afternoon.
Your plane leaves in ten minutes.

Legal - adjective - "Relating to the law or lawyers"

You may wish to seek legal advice before signing the contract.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Johnson’s legal fees amounted to over £2.5 million.

Legend - noun - An old story about famous people and events in the past. Legends are
not usually true.
Here, according to legend, Robin Hood lies buried.
This is the Hollywood legend, Elizabeth Taylor!

Length - noun - A measurement of how long something is in size.

Cut the cloth to the required length.
This beautiful bird is small, with a total length of about three inches.

Many - pronoun - A large number of people, things, places etc.

Did you get many responses to your advertisement?
I haven’t told many people that I am pregnant.

Master - noun - "A man who is very good at something."

O’Sullivan is an absolute master at this type of shot.
He’s a master of the clever remark.

Material - noun - Cloth or a substance, especially one used for a particular purpose.
Brick was used as the main building material for local churches.
Her dress was made of a thin lacy material.

Measure - noun - An action that is intended to achieve or deal with something.

This is a temporary measure to stop the problem from getting any worse.
Stronger measures will have to be taken to bring down unemployment.

Nap - verb - To sleep for a short period of time, usually during the day.
He likes to take a nap after lunch.
He usually takes a nap after lunch and at night goes to bed about 10:00 PM.

Naturally - adverb - "as most people would expect or understand"

Naturally, I was very keen to make a good first impression.
His death has naturally come as a shock to us all.

Nature - noun - The physical world including all living things as well as the land and the
seas.
Barone’s interest was in nature, wildlife, and birds.
There was an opportunity to enjoy the beauty of nature in Alaska.

Neatly - adjective - "Carefully arranged and looking nice​"

His hair was pulled back into a neat ponytail.
She arranged the papers into three neat piles on her desk.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Observe - verb - To notice someone doing something, or to notice something happening.
Similar trends may be observed in most modern societies.
James had already observed that she was not listening.

Office - noun - A room or building where the people in an organization or department

work.
I work in the company’s Los Angeles office.
Our offices are on the third floor.

Officially - adverb - "Publicly and formally"

The school won’t be officially opened until next month.
The new hospital was officially opened yesterday.

Oneself - pronoun - "Used for showing that people in general, including yourself, are
affected by or involved in the results of something that they do".
"One has to think of oneself in these matters."
It’s awful having to defend oneself all the time.

Palm - noun - The inside part of your hand, between your fingers and your wrist.
"She sat waiting, resting her chin in the palm of her hand."
The captain slapped his palm on the desk.

Panel - noun - "A group of people who make decisions or judgments, also one of the
pictures in a comic or a flat piece of wood, glass, or other material that forms part of
something such as a door or wall".
This comic strip has four panels.
We can justify our opinion about the quality by referring to the extremely varied and constructive
social programme, which is also organised by a panel of experts, sociologists and psychologists
.
Participant - noun - "Someone who takes part in something
"It was argued that he was a willing participant in the crime.
Have you seen those participants in a televised debate?

Passion - noun - A powerful emotion such as love or anger.

She spoke with great passion about the plight of the refugees.
Passions run high when marriages break up and children are involved.

Rare - adjective - "not happening very often"

In a rare moment of honesty, he told her what he had done.
It’s extremely rare for her to lose her temper.

Rate - noun - The number of times something happens, or the number of examples of
something within a particular period of time.
The animals were dying at a rate of three an hour.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Their success rate in recruiting new staff is very high.

Readiness - noun - A state of being ready and able to deal with what might or will
happen.
We prepared a room and meal in readiness for their arrival.
He expressed his readiness to accept the challenge.

Realistically - adverb - In a way that seems real or is like real life.

Visitors can realistically experience life at sea.
You can’t realistically expect people to pay such a high price.

Satisfy - verb - To please someone by giving them something that they want or need​.
I think this is an agreement that is unlikely to satisfy environmental campaigners.
It’s impossible to satisfy everyone.

Save - verb - To make it possible for someone or something to avoid danger, harm, injury
etc​.
A cure for lung cancer would save thousands of lives each year.
Only hard work will save this company from bankruptcy.

Scan - verb - To look at something very carefully, because you hope or expect to see a
particular person or thing.
He scanned her face but there were no signs of emotion.
Ella scanned the crowd for any sign of Geoff.

Talk - verb - To use words to communicate.

Can their baby talk yet?
Am I talking too much?

Tax - noun - An amount of money that you have to pay to the government that it uses to
provide public services and pay for government institutions.
Income tax payments are due on the 15th of April.
She owes over £50,000 in unpaid taxes.

Technically - adverb - "In a way that involves or shows skill in doing something."
She’s the most technically accomplished player in the tournament.
Technically the war was over, but not all the fighting ceased immediately.

Tendency - noun - A strong chance that something will happen in a particular way .
There’s a tendency for a new manager to make changes.
You have a tendency to avoid arguments.

Unavailable - adjective - Not able to go somewhere, meet someone, or do something.

Some witnesses were unavailable at the time of the trial.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Irving and Wallace are both unavailable for next week’s match.

Uncomfortably - adjective - If you are uncomfortable, you have an unpleasant or slightly

painful feeling in part of your body.
You’ll be uncomfortable for a few days after the surgery.
They were sitting in a very uncomfortable position.

Underestimate - verb - To think that someone has less power or ability than they really
have.
Their big mistake was to underestimate their opponents’ skill in handling the news media.
I thought it would be an easy game but I had underestimated my opponent.

Underpaid - adjective - Not earning enough money for work that you do.
Her staff felt they were underpaid.
They claim that they are overworked and underpaid!

Warrior - noun - A soldier, especially in the past or someone involved in a fight or

argument.
These warriors used spears made from iron.
It is true that the Vikings were warriors, some would say bloodthirsty as well, but that is
something I will leave to you to judge.

Way - noun - "A method for doing something."

There are so many delicious ways you can prepare chicken.
Is there any way of contacting you while you’re in Africa?

Weak - adjective - A person who is weak does not have much physical strength or
energy.
The illness had left him too weak to speak.
Weak stomach muscles can lead to back problems.

Well-being - noun - "The satisfactory state that someone or something should be in, that
involves such things as being happy, healthy, and safe, and having enough money."
Laughter is taken as a sign of well-being.
The company looks after the well-being of its employees.

Worthless - adjective - Not having any value, or not useful.

The country’s currency is nearly worthless.
He made me feel stupid and worthless.

Write - verb - To use a pen to make words, numbers, or symbols.

Emily is just learning to write.
Write your full name in Box A.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Yet - adverb / conjunction - Used for talking or asking about something that has not
happened or is not true at a particular time but will probably happen or be true in the
future.
I’m amazed that you haven’t told him anything yet.
She hasn’t yet decided if she wants to come or not.

You - pronoun - "Used for referring to the person or people that you are talking or writing
to."
Do you like oranges?
I can’t really trust you, can I?

Youngster - noun - A child, or a young person.

He talked to the youngsters about the dangers of drugs.
Youngsters learn more than their previous generations did about what is happening around the
world.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Accessory - noun - Additional objects, equipment, decorations etc that make something
more useful or attractive or someone who helps a criminal, for example by hiding them
from the police.
The book offers advice on choosing fabrics, furniture, and accessories.
He was sentenced for being an accessory to the murder.

Acclaimed - adjective - Publicly written and talked about in an admiring way.

This was her internationally acclaimed production of West Side Story.
This was such an acclaimed book! No wonder he sold so many copies.

Acquaintance - noun - "Someone you know a little, who is not a close friend".
He recognized Mr Hunter as an old business acquaintance from his years in banking.
He's just a business acquaintance.

Active - adjective - Someone who is active does a lot of different activities and has a lot
of energy and interests
People are remaining active into later life.
I use meditation techniques to keep the mind active and alert.

Adaptation - noun - A film, TV programme etc that has been made from a book or play.
The television adaptation of the stage play was very successful.
They specialize in the adaptation of industrial buildings for housing.

Addictive - adjective - Something that is addictive is so enjoyable that you want to do it

or have it as often as possible.
Jogging can become addictive.
These sleeping pills are not addictive.

Bear - verb - If you cannot bear something, you cannot accept or do it because it makes
you very unhappy.
Sue can’t bear to be parted from her baby daughter.
I can’t bear seeing food thrown away.

Between - adverb - With someone/something on each side or end.

Hold the needle between your finger and thumb.
Gatwick is about halfway between London and Brighton.

Biased - adjective - "Preferring one person, thing, or idea to another in a way that is
unfair."
The salary structure was biased against women returning to work later in life.
The course was heavily biased towards the sciences.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Bid - verb - To offer a particular amount of money for something, for example at an
auction.
Two people were bidding against each other for the mirror.
They bid £300 for the painting.

Bilingual - adjective - Someone who is bilingual is able to speak two languages extremely
well.
The staff also seem reluctant to help travellers with their children and it would help if the staff
were bilingual.
I hope he is bilingual and can speak both Spanish and English.

Cap - verb - To put a limit on an amount of money that can be borrowed, charged, etc.
The interest rate has been capped at 5%.
The cost should also be delinked from the international petrol prices and capped at certain fixed
rates for a fixed term.

Charge - verb - An amount of money that you have to pay, especially when you visit a
place or when someone does something for you.
You will have to pay a small admission charge.
There is a charge of £50 if you are over a week late with your payment.

Cheap - adjective - Not expensive.

People should have access to cheap, fresh food.
The local buses are cheap and reliable.

Check - verb - To examine something in order to find out whether it is how it should be.
He checked the contents of the package carefully.
The official checked our passports.

Chilly - adjective - "Cold enough to be unpleasant."

The days are still warm but the evenings are getting chilly.
Apart from everything mentioned, the worst thing was the fact that our coach broke down in the
middle of nowhere on a chilly rainy day.

Day - noun - One of the periods of time that a week is divided into, equal to 24 hours.
We’re going away for five days.
The animals are kept inside for 14 hours a day.

Declaration - noun - "An official announcement that something is true or happening."

Have you heard about a declaration of independence?
Unfortunately a declaration of war was inevitable.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Dedication - noun - "The large amount of time and effort that someone spends on
something."
The project has been a success, thanks to the dedication of all of our staff.
She thanked the staff for their dedication and enthusiasm.

Defend - verb - "To protect someone or something from attack."

Steps are being taken to defend the city against attack.
You have a right to defend yourself if you are being attacked.

Definitely - adverb - Without any doubt​.

Your dessert is definitely the best one here.
That’s definitely not the man I saw running away.

Elderly - adjective -An elderly person is old.

An elderly gentleman was standing at the reception desk.
Not all elderly people can live with their relatives.

Electrical - adjective - "Working by electricity."

They sell all kinds of electrical equipment and appliances.
The fire was caused by an electrical fault.

Elegance - adjective - Elegant places and things are attractive because they are beautiful
in a simple way.
Their solution was much more elegant than mine.
We were impressed by the elegance of his clothes.

Embrace - verb - To put your arms around someone in order to show love or friendship.
Most countries have enthusiastically embraced the concept of high-speed railways.

Empty - adjective - "Containing nothing".

His pockets were empty.
There were no empty spaces in the car park.

Fair - adjective - If a situation is fair, everyone is treated equally and in a reasonable way.
Life is not always fair.
It wouldn’t be fair to the others if she is paid more.

Favour - noun - Something that you do for someone in order to help them.
Could you do me a favour?
I’ll ask Steve. He owes me a favour.

Fill - verb - To make something full.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Crowds of spectators are expected to fill the streets tonight.
The hut was filled with thick smoke.

First - adverb / pronoun - Before any others or before everything else​.

He has two daughters from his first marriage and a son from his second.
Julia got there first, but Susan arrived just a few minutes later.

Fit - verb - If someone or something fits somewhere, they are small enough or the right
size and shape to go there.
I don’t think that box will fit.
The book is small enough to fit in your pocket.

Fix - verb - To fasten something somewhere so that it cannot move.

Andrew is fixing some shelves in the bedroom.
Smoke detectors should be fixed to the ceiling.

Generalize - verb - "To make a statement or remark about a group of people or things
without going into any detail."
We can generalize and say that most of our students are middle-class.
You can’t generalize about the entire population like that.

Genius - noun - Someone who is much more intelligent or skilful than other people.
Bach’s Magnificat is clearly the work of a genius.
She was a mathematical genius.

Gerund - noun - A noun formed by adding ‘-ing’ to a verb, that describes an action, such
as ‘running’ or ‘believing​’.
We learned about gerunds today.
Topic about gerunds is quite hard for me.

Give - verb - To put something in someone’s hand, or to pass something to someone.

Could you give me that pen?
She gave the flowers to me to hold.

Glad - adjective - "Happy and pleased about something."

Maggie was glad to be home in her own bed.
She wasn’t going to leave, and he was glad about that.

Harassment - noun - Annoying or unpleasant behaviour towards someone that takes

place regularly, for example threats, offensive remarks, or physical attacks.
The UN cannot tolerate the continuing harassment of peacekeeping soldiers.
We encourage anyone who has been the subject of racial harassment to report it.

Harsh - adjective - Harsh conditions or places are unpleasant and difficult to live in.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Harsh words were spoken in the dressing room after the match.
The judge is known for his harsh sentences.

Heading - noun - The title at the top of a page or piece of writing.

Those responsibilities come under the heading of ‘general duties’.
Mention your sources at the end, under the heading ‘Bibliography’.

High - adjective - "Large in size from the top to the ground."

The boiling point of water is lower at high altitudes.
The river is so high that only small boats can pass under the bridge.

History - noun - The whole of time before the present, and all things that happened in that
time.
These temperatures are the highest in recorded history.
Attitudes to gender roles have changed throughout history.

Ill - adjective - Not healthy, because of a medical condition or an injury.

He’s been ill for a couple of weeks.
Her husband is seriously ill in hospital.

Illustrate - verb - To show what something is like, or to show that something is true.
The following examples illustrate our approach to customer service.
The case of Mrs King illustrates the importance of consulting your doctor.

Imperfect - adjective - Something that is imperfect has some faults or other bad qualities.
This is the imperfect world in which we live.
Don't mind your imperfect English!

Impose - verb - To introduce something such as a new law or new system, and force
people to accept it.
They have imposed restrictions on trade with foreign companies.
Judge Werler-Gomez QC imposed a fine of £250 on each of the defendants.

Inability - noun - The fact of not being able to do something.

He was frustrated by his inability to control the ball.
It is the stomach’s inability to cope with certain foods.

Just - adverb - Used for saying when something happens.

I can’t come now. I’m just putting the children to bed.
Just then a knock at the door interrupted our conversation.

Lengthy - adjective - Long, often lasting for longer than you want or expect.
There is a lengthy and complicated application procedure.
After a lengthy period of negotiation, agreement was finally reached.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Less - adverb / preposition - Used for referring to an amount that is smaller than another
amount, smaller than before, or smaller than you expected.
You should eat less and exercise more.
The industry operates with less government control these days.

Let - verb - to allow something to happen.

I stepped back and let him pass.
There are holes between the stones that let the wind through.

Level - noun - The amount of something, especially when it can be counted or measured.
Unemployment is now at its lowest level for 15 years.
The level of inflation has continued to rise.

Liability - noun - legal responsibility for causing damage or injury, or for paying
something.
The company accepts no liability for delays caused by bad weather.
His outspoken views have made him a liability to the party.

May - modal verb - Used for showing possibility​.

There may be an easier way of solving the problem.
The injury may have caused brain damage.

Mean - verb - "To have a particular meaning."

The word means something different in French.
Everything depends on what you mean by the word ‘free’.

Mess - noun - A situation in which a place is dirty or untidy.

Your room is a mess; please pick up your toys.
Try not to make a mess because I’ve been cleaning.

Middle - noun - The middle is the part of something that is furthest from the sides, edges,
or ends.
There was a large cat sitting in the middle of the road.
Katy threw the stone into the middle of the pond.

Migration - noun - The process by which people or animals migrate to another place or
country​.
There was a mass migration of poor farmers into the cities.
The butterflies come to Mexico during their annual migration

Nap - noun - To sleep for a short period of time, usually during the day.
I often take a nap after dinner.
Take a nap, you will feel much better.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Narrow-minded - adjective - Disliking or not interested in ideas or cultures different from
your own.
My family is very narrow-minded.
He is a bit narrow-minded and at first he'll drive you crazy but once you get to know him, he'll be
good company.

Neutral - adjective - "Not supporting a particular team in a game or competition."

In this war, there’s no neutral territory.
The match was to be replayed at a neutral venue.

Never-ending - adjective - "Continuing for a very long time and likely to continue even
longer."
There was a never-ending stream of people.
The housework in this place is just never-ending.

News - noun - Information about something that has happened recently​.

I’m afraid I’ve got some bad news.
I wrote to John telling him all the latest news.

Occurrence - noun - "Something that happens, especially something unexpected and

unpleasant."
Unfortunately, computer errors are a common occurrence.
There was the widespread occurrence of gold in river deposits.

Old - adjective - "Used for talking about the age of someone or something."
He’s not old enough to see this film.
Aren’t you too old to play with dolls?

One - pronoun - "Used for referring to a single person or thing when there are others of
the same type"
I bought three T-shirts – do you want one?
One passenger said she had been waiting for 13 hours.

Openly - adverb - "In a direct or honest way that makes something obvious."
The report openly criticizes the military leadership.
They are openly hostile to the proposed changes.

Operation - noun - A planned activity involving a lot of people, especially soldiers or

police officers.
This was the biggest military operation for 20 years.
Undercover operations led to the arrest of the gang.

Peer - noun - "someone who is of the same age as another person."

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

Few players have gained as much respect from their peers as Bobby Robson.
Most teenagers want to be accepted by their peers.

Pensioner - noun - Someone who receives a pension from the government after they
reach the age when they are officially old enough to stop working.
Many pensioners are worried about rises in heating costs.
Probably the era of soap operas will end when there are no more housewives and pensioners to
watch them.

Perk - noun - An extra payment or benefit that you get in your job.
Free theatre tickets are one of the perks of this job.
At 15 I looked forward to the perks of adult life.

Personal - adjective - Used about your own opinions or feelings.

My own personal view is that boxing should be banned.
Choosing a new car is a matter of personal preference.

Perspective - noun - A way of thinking about something.

You can call it brave or foolish, depending on your perspective.
The book deals with a woman’s perspective on revolutionary change.

Racially - adverb - "In a way that is caused by someone’s race or is related to someone’s
race."
He respects people's values and rights and can easily integrate and assert himself in a multi-
cultural or racially diversified environment.
This was a racially motivated crime.

Realize - verb - To know and understand something.

Almost without realizing it, he began to sing.
It’s important to realize that this situation is only temporary.

Reassure - verb - "To make someone feel less worried about something."
I’m afraid there’s not much I can say to reassure you.
She checked the bolts to reassure herself that the door was locked.

Rebellious - adjective - "Fighting to remove a government or leader by force, or opposing

authority or accepted ways of doing things."
"It was impossible for me to become submissive - I must have been rebellious from my very
birth", she recalls.
He was such a rebellious teenager!

Saving - noun - "Money that you have saved in a bank or invested so that you can use it
later."
The money for the flight came out of my savings.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

That could mean a saving of up to £500 for a family of four.

Scarce - adjective - "If something is scarce, there is not very much of it".
Fresh water and medicines were scarce in the disaster area.
In the context of Singapore, where land is scarce and widening or building of more roads is just
not feasible, we have no choice but to choose what is best for everyone.

Scenic - adjective - "Providing beautiful views of nature."

We went on a scenic cruise down the Nile.
France is an area of great scenic beauty, famous for its excellent cooking and wine.

Scholarship - noun - An amount of money that an organization gives to someone so that

they can study at a particular school or university.
Sophie was awarded a scholarship to attend Boston University.
She won a scholarship to Oxford.

Scratch - verb - "To pull your nails along your skin, especially because you have an itch
that makes you want to do this.
Stop scratching!" "Stop scratching!"
Scratch my back for me, will you.

Tear - verb - "To pull something so that it separates into pieces or gets a hole in it, or to
become damaged in this way".
It’s made of very thin material that tears easily.
I’ve torn a hole in my sweater!

Technologically - adjective - Relating to or involving technology.

There were problems brought by technological change.
Their society was technologically advanced.

Tertiary - adjective - "In the place or position counted as number three, also relating to
colleges and universities".
Most poor families can only afford [to send] their children up to secondary education and their
eldest child up to the tertiary level.
In my humble opinion this was a tertiary institution.

Texture - noun - The way that something feels when you touch it.
Different textures and colours will increase the child’s interest.
These products will improve the texture of your skin.

Thankful - adjective - "Grateful for something, or pleased that something unpleasant is

no longer happening or did not happen".

English Speaking Complete - David Morris

I suppose I should be thankful.
We are so thankful for all the support we received.

Ultimately - adverb - After a process or activity has ended.

Her efforts were ultimately bound to fail.
Technological advances could ultimately lead to even more job losses.

Uncommon - adjective - "Unusual, rare, or not happening often".

​Doris is a very uncommon name nowadays.
Anxiety about taking tests is not uncommon.

Unconventional - adjective - Different from what most people consider to be usual or

normal.
He has a really unconventional dress sense.
This event was successful and satisfied the kids since the heroes were exhilarating, with
amazingly unconventional behaviour.

English Speaking Complete - David Morris