Republic of the Philippines

NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE

AJUY CAMPUS
Ajuy, Iloilo

CHORCEL B. ABENIDO, MIT

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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
AJUY CAMPUS
Ajuy, Iloilo

Course Title: ART

APPRECIATION
Course Description: Art Appreciation is a three-unit course that develops student’s ability to appreciate,
analyze and critique works of art. Through interdisciplinary and multimodal
approaches, this course equips the students with a broad knowledge of the practical,
historical, philosophical and social relevance of the arts in order to hone students’
ability to articulate their understanding of the arts. The course also develops
students’ competency in researching and curating art as well as conceptualizing,
mounting and evaluating art productions. The course aims to develop students’
genuine appreciation for Philippine arts by providing them opportunities to explore
the diversity and richness and their rootedness in Filipino Culture.
Credit hours: 3 hours
Pre-Requisite: NONE
Program Objectives: At the end of the course, the students should be able to:

Knowledge

 Demonstrate an understanding and appreciation of arts in general, including

their function, value, and historical significance
 Define and demonstrate the elements and principles of design
 Explain and evaluate different theories of art
 Situate Philippine arts in a global context

Skills

 Analyze and appraise works of art based on aesthetic value, historical

context, tradition, and social relevance
 Mount an art exhibit(concept development, production and postproduction,
marketing, documentation, critiquing)
 Create their own works of art and curate their own production of exhibit
 Utilize art for self-expression and for promoting advocacies

Values

 Deepen their sensitivity to self, community, and society

 Discover and deepen their identity through art with respect to their
nationality, culture, and religion
 Develop an appreciation of the local arts

Dear Learners,

Our courseware is specially designed to equip you with the necessary knowledge and skills to further
develop your understanding in different disciplines, and expose you to new and engaging topics in arts. Consider
this module as a guide to strengthening human productivity and a tool for exploring the twenty-first century.

This will be use throughout the semester. This will serve your medium in teaching-learning process
wherein you will be assessed each lesson how much you have learned from the subject matter. You are required
to submit this module at the end of this semester or else you are mark incomplete.

Table of Contents
Preliminary Period

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NORTHERN ILOILO POLYTECHNIC STATE COLLEGE
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Module 1. Embracing the Humanities

Difference Between the
Humanities and Sciences

Module 2. Understanding the Arts

Different Definitions of Art
Assumptions about Art

Module 3. Distinguishing Artist from Artisan

Who is an artist?
Who is an artisan?

Module 4: Recognizing GAMABA and the National Artists

GAMBABA
National Artists

Module 5. Classifying the Arts

Module 6: Functions of Arts
Module 7. Knowing the Subject in the Art
Subject and Content
Module 8. Effectively Presenting Art Subjects

Midterm Period
Module 9: Mediums of Arts
Module 10: Elements of Arts
Module 11: Principles of Arts
Module 12: Glancing Art History
Pre-Historic Art/Cave Art

A. Asian
1. Philippine pre-historic art
2. Egyptian Art
3. China
B. Western
4. Greek Art
5. Roman Art

Final Examination
Module 13: Appreciating Visual Arts)

Module 14: Appreciating Literary Arts

Module 15: Appreciating Music
Module 16: Appreciating Installation Art
Module 17: Appreciating Indigenous Arts
Module 18: Appreciating Philippine Contemporary

Module 4
GAMABA AND THE NATIONAL ARTISTS

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Introduction

Recognizing one’s contribution to the development of the Philippine arts simply shows how we
treasure and value our Filipino culture. To give honor for the artists’ efforts, two major awards (Order
ng Pambansang Alagad ng Sining or Order of National Artists and Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or
National Living Treasures Award) are given.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, you are expected to:

a. discuss the background of the GAMABA;

b. distinguish the Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Award from National Artists Award;
c. express appreciation on their contribution in the Philippine arts.

Discussion

Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Awards or GAMABA is an award that acknowledges folk and
indigenous artists who, despite the modern times, remain true to their traditions. It is administered by
the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) through Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan
Committee.
GAMABA began as a project of the Philippine Rotary Club Makati-Ayala. In 1992, it was
adopted by the government and institutionalized Republic Act No. 7355. This award aims to support
and motivate these artists to preserve their artistic heritage for the present and future generations. These
artists are also recognized as the country’s National Living Treasures.
The GAWAD sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or the National Living Treasures Award
gives recognition to Filipino traditional craftsmen or artisans whose skills have reached a high level of
technical and artistic excellence and who are tasked to pass on to the present generation knowledge
threatened with extinction.
NCCA chairman Felipe M. de Leon , Jr. spearheaded the institutionalization of the award. The
law was authored by senators Edgardo J. Angara, Heherson Alvarez, Leticia ramos-Shahani, SOtero
Laurel and congresswoman Kate Gordon.
On April 3, 1992, President Corazon C. Aquino signed Republic Act No. 7355, providing for
the recognition of the national living treasures, otherwise known as the Manlilikha ng Bayan, and the
promotion and development of traditional folk arts.
On December 17, 1993, the first awarding ceremony for Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan was
held at the Malacaňan Palace.
How does one become a Manlilikha ng Bayan?
To become a Manlilikha ng Bayan”, the candidate must possess the following:
1. He/She is an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional cultural community anywhere in the
Philippines that has preserved indigenous customs, beliefs, rituals and traditions and/or has
syncretized whatever external elements that have influenced it.
2. He/She must have engaged in a folk art tradition that has been in existence and documented for
at least fifty(50)years.
3. He/She must have consistently performed or produced over significant period, works of
superior and distinctive quality.
4. He/She must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must have an
established reputation in the arts as master and maker of works of extraordinary technical
quality.
5. He/She must have passed on and/or will pass on to other members of the community their
skills in the folk art for which the community is traditionally known.

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AJUY CAMPUS
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A traditional artist who possesses

all the qualities of a Manlilikha ng Bayan candidate, but due to age or infirmity has left him/her
incapable of teaching further hi/her craft, may still be recognized if:
1. He/She has created a significant body of works and/or has consistently displayed excellence in
the practice of his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its development.
2. He/She has been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community’s artistic tradition.
3. He/She has passed on to the other members of the community skills in the folk art for which
the community is traditionally known.
4. His/Her community has recognized him/her as master and teacher of his/her craft.

What are the incentives received by the awardee?

A Manlilika ng Bayan awardee receives a specially designed medallion, an initial grant of P100,000
and P10.0000 monthly stipend for life. In consonance with the provision of Republic Act No. 7355,
which states that “the monetary grant may be increased whenever circumstances so warrant, “the
NCCA board approved monthly personal allowance of P14,000 for the awardees as well as a
maximum cumulative amount of P750,000 medical and hospitalization benefit annually similar to that
received by the National Artists and funeral assistance /tribute fit for a National Living Treasure.

GAMABA Awardees
LANG DULAY (+2015) , Textile Weaver, T’boli,
Lake Sebu, South Cotabato , 1998
 A T’boli of Lake Sebu, South Cotabato, was
awarded for weaving the abaca ikat cloth
called t’nalak.
 She has produced creations which remain
faithful to the T’boli tradition as manifested in
the complexity of her design, fineness of
workmanship and quality of finish.

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GINAW BILOG
(+ 2003), Poet, Hanunuo Mangyan, Panaytayan,
Oriental Mindoro, 1993
 Awarded for faithfully preserving the
Hanunuo Mangyan script and ambalan poetry.
 He has promoted the local script and poetry so
that the art will not be lost but preserved for
posterity.

SAMAON SULAIMAN (+ 2011), Musician,

Magindanao, Mama sa Pano, Maguindanao, 1993

 He was awarded for his outstanding artistry

and dedication to his chosen instrument, the
Magindanao kutyapi.
 Kutyapi is a two-stringed plucked lute,
regarded as one of the most technically
demanding and difficult to master among
Filipino traditional instrument.

MASINO INTARAY (+ 2013), Musician and

Storyteller, Pala’wan , Brookes Point, Palawan, 1993

 He was awarded for his exemplary skills in

basal or gong music ensemble.
 He was also recognized for his versatility as
musician, poet, epic chanter and storyteller of
the kulilal and bagit traditions of Pala’wan.

SALINTA MONON (+ 2009), Textile Weaver,

Tagabawa, Bagobo, Bansalan, Davao del Sur, 1998
 She was awarded for fully demonstrating the
creative and expressive aspects of the Bagobo
abaca ikat weaving called inabal at a time
when such art is threatened with extinction.

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ALONZO
SACLAG, Musician and Dancer, Kalinga
for Lubuagan, Kalinga, 2000

 A Kalinga of Lubuagan, Kalinga was

awarded for his mastery of the Kalinga
dance and the performing arts.
 He was also recognized for his persistence
to create and nurture a greater
consciousness and appreciation of Kalinga
culture among the Kalinga themselves and
beyond their borders.

FEDERICO CABALLERO, Epic Chanter, Sulod-

Bukidnon, Calinog, Iloilo, 2000

 He has worked hard to document the oral

literature of his people.
 He preserved the epics that use a language
that has long been dead by working
together with scholars, artists, and
advocates of culture.

UWANG AHADAS, Musician, Yakan , Lamitan,

Basilan, 2000

 A Yakan of Lamitan, Basilan was awared for

his dexterity in playing Yakan musical
instruments such as the kwintagan, gabbang,
agung, kwintagang kayu, tuntungan among
others.
 He has a deep knowledge of the aesthetic
possibilities and social contexts of those
instruments.
 In spite of the dimming of his eyesight, he has
developed devoted his life to the teaching of
Yakan musical traditions.

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EDUARDO
MUTUC, Metalsmith, Kapampangan , Apalit,
Pampanga , 2004

 A Kapampangan from Central Luzon is

recognized for reviving the Spanish colonial-
era craft of Plateria.
 This self-taught master craftsman found his
calling in producing religious and secular art
in silver, bronze and wood.
 In doing so, and in his pursuit of perfection for
himself and his apprentices, he assures the
continuity of this rich tradition.

DARHATA SAWABI (+ 2005), Textile Weaver,

Tausug, Parang, Sulu, 2004

 She is one of the master weavers in the

island of Jolo.
 Like most women in their tribe, she has
learned the art of weaving the pis syabit,
the traditional cloth tapestry worn as head
cover by the Tausu of Jolo, from her
mother.

HAJA AMINA APPI (+ 2013), Mat Weaver, Sama,

Tandubas, Tawi-Tawi , 2004

 She is recognized as the master mat

weaver among the Sama indigenous
community of Ungos Matata. Her mats are
known for their complex geometric
patterns, proportion, and unique
combination of colors.

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TEOFILO
GARCIA, Casque Maker, Ilocano, San Quintin, Abra,
2012

 He learned how to make gourd casques

and weave baskets from his grandfather at
the age of 16.
 Since he learned the craft, he never
stopped experimenting with other designs.
 He previously used nito(vine trimmings)
to decorate the headgear and then used
with other materials such as bamboo after
his supplier from Cagayan passed away.

MAGDALENA GAMAYO, Textile Weaver, Ilocano,

Pinili, Ilocos Norte, 2012
 She has taught herself the traditional patterns
of binakol, inuritan(geometric design),
kusikos(spiral forms similar to oranges), and
sinan-sabong (flowers).
 She has learned the art of weaving from her
aunt and started harnessing her innate skills at
the age of 16. She may be in her late 80s but
she still manages to arrange threads on the
loom, which is the hardest task in textile
weaving.

National Artists

If you’re given the title of National Artist, you can consider yourself one of the best. By being given
the title, it means you have given significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts and
letters. The recognition is given to those who excel in the fields of Music, Dance, Theatre, Visual Arts,
Literature, Film and Broadcast, and Architecture or Allied Arts.

The very first recipient of this award was painter Fernando Amorsolo, who was touted as the “Grand
Old Man of Philippine Art.” He was the sole awardee in the year 1972, a National Artist for Visual
Arts.

A person who receives this title gets the following honors and privileges:

1. Rank and title of National Artist, as proclaimed by the President of the Philippines;

2. Insignia of a National Artist and a citation;

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3. Cash awards, monthly life pension, medical, and hospitalization benefits, life insurance coverage,
state funeral and burial at the Libingan ng mga Bayani (Heroes’ Cemetery), and a place of honor at
national state functions along with recognition at cultural events

There are 66 recognized National Artists to date, with the fields of Visual Arts, Literature, and Music
having the most number of recognized National Artists.

Here are some of the more well-known National Artists of the Philippines:

AMBALANG AUSALIN, Textile Weaver, Yakan of

Basilan, 2016, (born 4 March 1943)

 Her skill is deemed incomparable: she is able

to bring forth all designs and actualize all
textile categories typical to the Yakan.
 She can execute the suwah bekkat(cross-stitch-
like embellishment and suwah
pendan(embroidery-like embellishment)
techniques of the bunga sama category.

ESTELITA BANTILAN, Mat Weaver, Sarangani,

2016, (born 17 October 1940)

 The child Labnai, already precocious in mat

weaving, took on the name Estelita in the
1960s.
 When she married, becoming Mrs. Bantilan,
she raised a family in the foreign faith. But she
kept to her mat weaving. She persisted where
other women could not because her husband
Tuwada was atypically supportive.

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YABING
MASALON DULO, Ikat Weaver, 2016, (born 8
August 1914)

 She believes herself older than ninety. Her

identity card marks that age, however, and
date of birth, the fourteenth of August
supposedly 1910.
 Since the venerable ikat-dyer has a memory
sharper than blades, it seems always best to
follow her counsel.
 In Mindanao, Ikat is, for the most part, an
extinct form of art-making, community-
making, equilibrium- making.
 But for Dulo, Blaan ikat dyeing is an extinct
form of human endeavor in a world gone the
way of the forests.

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Leandro V. Locsin
(Architecture, 1990)

A man who believes that true Philippine Architecture

“is the product of two great streams of culture, the
oriental and the occidental… to produce a new object
of profound harmony,” Leandro V. Locsin is the man
responsible for designing everything you see at CCP
Complex – the Cultural Center of the Philippines, Folk
Arts Theatre, Philippine International Convention
Center, Philcite, and The Westin Hotel (now Sofitel
Philippine Plaza).

Lino Brocka (Cinema, 1997)

Catalino “Lino” Ortiz Brocka is known to many as one

of, if not the greatest Filipino director of all time. He
espoused “freedom of expression” throughout all his
films, injecting each and every one with a social
activist spirit. Some of his well-known works
include Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang (1974), Maynila
sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag (1975), and Insiang (1976),
the latter being the first Filipino film to be shown at
Cannes.

Levi Celerio (Literature and Music, 1997)

Levi Celerio, a prolific lyricist and composer, is

known for having effortlessly translating or rewriting
lyrics of traditional Filipino melodies like “O
Maliwanag Na Buwan” (Iloko), “Ako ay May
Singsing” (Pampango), and “Alibangbang” (Visaya).
He’s also been immortalized in the Guinness Book of
World Records as the only person to make music using
just a leaf.
Carlos “Botong” Francisco (Visual Arts, 1973)

Hailing from the Art Capital of the Philippines,

Angono native Carlos “Botong” Francisco is known
for single-handedly reviving the modern art of murals
through works that showed slices of the past. He was
such a prolific muralist that he became its most well-
known practitioner for almost 30 years

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Leonor Orosa
Goquingco

Leonor Orosa Goquingco is a pioneer Filipino

choreographer known to many as “The Trailblazer,”
“The Mother of Philippine Theater Dance,” and “Dean
of Filipino Performing Arts Critics.” She has produced
stunning choreographies during her 50-year career,
highlighted by “Filipinescas: Philippine Life, Legend,
and Love,” which elevated native folk dance to its
highest stage of development.

Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero (Theater, 1997)

Wilfrido Ma. Guerrero is a teacher and theater artist

who, in his 35 years of teaching, has mentored some of
the country’s best Filipino performing artists,
including Joy Virata and Joonee Gamboa. He is also
the founder and artistic director of the UP Mobile
Theater, leading the way for the concept of a theater
campus by bringing theater closer to students and
audiences in the countryside.
Sionil Jose (Literature, 2001)

One of the few living national artists, F. Sionil Jose is

best known for creating the five-novel masterpiece
known as the Rosales saga: Poon; Tree; My Brother,
My Executioner; The Pretenders; and Mass. Set in the
town of Rosales, Pangasinan, it talks about the five
generations of two families, the Samsons and the
Asperri, during the Spanish and American occupation.

Lucrecia R. Kasilag (Music, 1989)

If you’re a fan of Filipino artists that blend Filipino

ethnic and Western music, then you should probably
get to know Lucrecia R. Kasilag. An educator,
composer, performing artist, administrator, and
cultural entrepreneur, she is seen as the pioneering
figure for fusing Filipino ethnic and Western music,
helping elevate Filipino’s appreciation for music. Her
best work is the prize-winning Toccata for
Percussions and Winds, Divertissement and
Concertante, which incorporates indigenous Filipino
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instruments.

The 7 Newly Awarded Artists in the Philippines

The Order of National Artists is the

highest recognition given by the
government to Filipinos who have
made significant contributions to the
development of Philippine arts. The
Philippine president names them based
on the recommendations of the
National Commission for Culture and
the Arts and the Cultural Center of the
Philippines (CCP).

The country’s 7 new National Artists

are:

1. Larry Alcala, National Artist for Visual Arts

Editorial cartoonist and illustrator Alcala’s pen brought to life the cartoon series Slice of Life in the
Weekend Magazine, Mang Ambo in the Weekly Graphic, and Kalabog en Bosyo, the first comic strip
where characters spoke in Taglish. His many works portrayed the idiosyncracies of the Filipino,
especially our ability to laugh at ourselves in the face of great adversity, as personified in the character
of Mang Ambo. The two detectives in Kalabog en Bosyo were brought to the big screen and played by
comedians Dolphy and Panchito in a film by Sampaguita Pictures. Alcala died in 2002 at the age of 75.

2. Amelia Lapeña Bonifacio, National Artist for Theater

For her work in writing plays, promoting children’s theater, and puppetry, Bonifacio has been called
the “Grande Dame of Southeast Asian Children’s Theater.” She has penned 40 plays, 20 books, and 30
stories, according to panitikan.ph, and was chairperson of the University of the Philippines’ Creative
Writing Program. She founded Teatrong Mulat ng Pilipinas, a children’s theater and puppetry troupe
based in UP.

3. Ryan Cayabyab, National Artist for Music

“Mr C” is perhaps the most famous Filipino composer in recent history. He has composed musical
scores for award-winning films, 10 full-length Filipino musicals, full-length ballets, a major opera, and
a plethora of songs, including beloved classics like “Tuwing Umuulan at Kapiling Ka” and “Da
Coconut Nut.” A force for original Pilipino music, he has spearheaded the Philippine Popular Music
Festival and served as judge in talent shows, like Philippine Idol and Philippine Dream Academy. He
leads the 7-member Ryan Cayabyab Singers.

4. Francisco ‘Bobby’ Mañosa, National Artist for Architecture

If Mañosa is a name unknown to you, the same likely cannot be said of his iconic works. The architect
known for his modern interpretation of Philippine architectural design and use of indigenous materials
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is behind the Coconut Palace, world-famous Amanpulo Resort in Palawan, Pearl Farm in Samal Island,
Shangri-La Hotel in Mactan, and the San Miguel building in Mandaluyong, among others. For his
pioneering vision and promotion of indigenous Filipino architecture, Mañosa has garnered many
accolades, both locally and internationally.

5. Resil Mojares, National Artist for Literature

Mojares is a multi-awarded writer, historian, and literary critic. His works include Origins and Rise of
the Filipino Novel, The War Against the Americans, and books about eminent Filipinos, such as
Vicente Sotto, Pedro Paterno, Isabelo delos Reyes, and Trinidad Pardo de Tavera. He has won several
National Book Awards from the Manila Critics Circle and founded the Cebuano Studies Center, a
library and research center dedicated to Cebuano culture and history.

6. Ramon Muzones, National Artist for Literature

Muzones is the preeminent name in West Visayan fiction. He is best known for his Hiligaynon novel
Margosatubig: The Story of Salagunting, about a fictional Muslim state in Mindanao and the struggles
of its hero, Salagunting, to wrest it from the clutches of usurpers. A tale that combines intrigue,
romance, pre-colonial lore, fantasy, and adventure, it unfolded as a series in the Hiligaynon magazine
Yuhum. In 1989, he received the Gawad CCP para sa Sining, an award given every 3 years to artists
whose works have enriched their art form. His proclamation as National Artist is posthumous as
Muzones died in 1992.

7. Kidlat Tahimik, National Artist for Cinema

Widely regarded as the father of independent Philippine cinema, Kidlat Tahimik (real name: Eric de
Guia) is known for creating films that humorously but evocatively critique neocolonialism. A native of
Baguio City, Tahimik has garnered numerous international and local awards for his films. His first,
Perfumed Nightmare (1977), won the International Critics Award at the Berlin Film Festival. He has
gone on to inspire generations of Filipino filmmakers to forge on with their independent vision,
regardless of commercial considerations. In 2009, he received the UP Gawad Plaridel Award, the
University of the Philippines’ highest award recognizing achievements in media.

– Rappler.com

https://www.rappler.com/nation/214953-list-national-artists-philippines-for-2018(Retrieved on
February 18, 2018)

References
https://aboutphilippines.ph/files/Gamaba-Awardees.pdf(September 11, 2018)
http://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-profile/gamaba/

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