WEEK 2 country’s political, economic, and

social resources for development.

Governance • Manner in which power is exercised
• Comprises all of the processes of in the management of a country’s
governing social and economic resources for
• Exercise of power or authority by development.
political leaders for the development • Process whereby societies or
and welfare of the state and its organizations make important
people decisions, determine whom they
• Government is not the only actor of involve and how they render account
the government but also Civil
Societies. 6 Actors of Good governance
• Came from the latin verb “gubernare” 1. Government
originally from the Greek word 2. citizens
“kubernaein” which means to steer. 3. International group
(steering, governing, controlling, 4. civil society
maneuvering a state, a group of 5. NGO's
people and organization) 6. Institutions

Key player Bad Governance - governance on the

negative side
• shareholder
Example:
• director
• Organized Crime Syndicates
• officer
• Powerful and Influential Families
• Corrupt Government
Three sectors:
• Inefficient Government
• Public - are the state actors and
institutions
Corporate Governance - system of rules
• Private - private companies,
and practices in which a firm is directed and
enterprises and households
controlled
• Civil Society - non-governmental
Corporate Good Governance - balancing
organizations.
the interests of company's many
stakeholders
3 Actors of Governance
Stakeholders - contributes to businesses
1. State
(concern with overall company performance)
Create favourable political, legal, and
economic environment • These are the Shareholders, senior
2. Market management, executives, customers,
Creates opportunity for people suppliers, financiers, government,
3. Civil Society and community
Mobilizing people's participation
Shareholders - own atleast 1 company
Good Governance share (concern with profit)
• positive aspect of governance
Sphere of Management:
• complete set of principles or
1. Action Plan
guidelines to achieve with the
2. Internal Control
duration of time to interact with new
3. Performance measurement
challenges
4. Corporate Disclosure
• Method through which power is
exercised in the management of
Level of Good Governance: • Judicial Reforms
1. International level of governance - Justice should set peace
The relationships between • Curbing Corruption
governments and markets, Corruption slow down the result of
governments and people, productivity
governments and the private sector • Developing A National Outlook
and civil society organizations can be Develop national unity
studied and evaluated
2. National level governance - This is Elements of Good Governance
where the national government • Transparency
conducts its programs and strategies Implies that individuals are open to
for the people and for the state's awareness of decision-making
progress processes and how they are
3. Local governance - The city implemented.
government has a very important • Accountable
position on how to make its society Implies ownership or accountability
participative for one's actions.
4. Corporate governance - Corporate • Rule of law
and government cultures are not Demands that citizens and civil
completely different. In reality, the society comply with the law on a
organization has an established regular basis.
system/ bureaucracy and even • Responsive
corruption is present Easily convey the will or desire of the
people in a genuine way
WEEK 3 • Equitable and inclusive
Governance - is all about the values of a Means that all members of society
community of people or a state's must be taken into account in policy-
administration, oversight, direction or making
governance. • Consensus oriented
Good governance - is a process or system Taking the diverse perspectives of
that regulates in a good way a certain the participants of society into
community or state. account.
Importance of Good Governance • Participatory
1. Promotes transparency in a Active involvement of all affected and
community or company and interested parties in the decision-
accountability making process
2. Helping to eliminate or minimize • Effective and efficient
corruption is an obstacle to the Enhancing and standardizing the
growth of a society. quality of public service delivery
3. With people's engagement and
government action, effective services
and policies for society can be
developed.

Criteria for Good Governance

• Administrative Reforms
Beurocracy, government officials
• Electoral Reforms
Democracy move to electoralism,
right to vote
 2. Government Effectiveness
WEEK 4
• Perceptions of the quality of public
1. Accountability services, the quality of the civil
service and the degree of its freedom
• Innovation in the Bank’s sphere of from political constraints,
action, “the heart of governance”
where it is “holding public officials Regulatory Quality - Capturing
responsible for their actions.” expectations of the government's ability to
• Horizontal (internal) accountability formulate and enforce sound policies and
• Vertical (external) accountability regulations that permit and facilitate the
• This is about the government's duty growth of the private sector.
to the public for their actions.
4. Rule of Law
2. Predictability and Legal Framework for • Perceptions of the degree to which
development agents trust and comply with the laws
• Significant contribution to a fair and of society.
just society • Control of Corruption
• Emphasis on judicial reform, WEEK 5
legislative reforms, and legal • One of the policies in the Philippines
education and training development. to recognize the good works of LGUs
in terms of transparency and
• The rule of law is the legal component accountability is The Seal of Good
of a country's good governance. Local Governance Act of 2019
• These are the collection of guidelines implemented.
and procedures for policies to be
followed. Government Agencies Promoting Good
Governance:
3. Transparency and Information
• Economic Efficiency The Development Academy of the
• Prevention of Corruption Philippines (DAP)
• Analysis, articulation and acceptance • is a government owned and
of governmental policy choices controlled
• It must provide accountability and • seeks to help the Philippines by
credible information in order for the serving as a catalyst for reform and
government to gain the public's as a capacity-builder in its
sympathy. development efforts.

Six Dimensional Framework (World Awardees of DAP:

Governance Indicators) • Philippine Heart Center: Philippine
Heart Center Partnership with
1. Voice and Accountability PhilHealth in Z Benefits
• Cardiac Surgery Impacts on Hospital
• Public opinion to which citizens of a Governance
country can engage the government, • Philippine Health Insurance
as well as freedom of speech, Corporation: PhilHealth CARES
freedom of association and free Project
media.

WEEK 6
 Programs for Sustainable Education
Department of Interior and Local • Education improvements and
Government (SGLG): The Seal of Good services that would provide fair
Local Governance Act of 2019 access to quality education must be
• It is an award, incentive, honor and implemented by the LGU.
recognition-based program for all
LGUs and an ongoing effort for LGUs
to advance, strengthen and improve
their success in the provision of Business Friendliness and
public services Competitiveness
• is the response of departments to
people's clamor for dignity and • Refers to the LGUs initiative to
results in public service. promote investment and encourage
SGLG areas for improvement of local business enterprises.
performance:
• Maintain transparency and Safety, Peace and Order
accountability practices in the use of • this aspect is all about establishing
funds good and respectable performance.
• Preparing for problems posed by
unexpected natural calamities Environmental Management
• Showing willingness to assist and • It is the initiative of the LGUs to
attention to the needs of develop a policy and program focused
disadvantaged and oppressed on solid waste management and
segments of society ecological balance that will preserve
and protect the environment.
Good Fiscal or Financial Administration
• Fiscal discipline and procedure must Tourism, Heritage Development, Culture
be complied with as must and Arts
transparency and accountability and • This refers to the protection and
full disclosure policy promotion, through local culture,
heritage and national Identity of
Disaster Preparedness LGUs.

• By developing plans and steps that Youth Development

are required, it refers to the readiness • The capacity of LGUs to promote and
and alertness for any catastrophe, develop effective, responsive
natural or man-made calamity. mechanisms to promote the
• Creation of Disaster Risk participation of young people in local
Management Plan governance and nation-building.

Social Protection and Sensitivity Program

• This applies to the social needs of its
people and the protection of their
interests.
WEEK 7
Health Compliance and Responsiveness
A. Personnel policy towards
• This is the ability of the LGU to
employee involvement
successfully enforce and provide
public health programs within its
authority.
 -Only the companies, able to gain a 3. Normative Commitment
high level of employee involvement It results from the belief that
can survive in the dynamic and working for an organization is
competitive market. morally justified
Corporate social responsibility
involve the HRM process both at the WEEK 8
stage of recruitment and during the
work and are directed towards In the range of CSR initiatives, an
creating employee involvement. organization can take numerous
actions, classified into two
B. Healthy employees, who feel well, dimensions:
provide essential 1. Internal dimension (embracing
preconditions of companies’ relationships with
success and viability employees)
-The techniques of human resource 2. External dimension (embracing
management which relationships with stakeholders
managers should use, affect outside the organization, e.g. with
employees’ well-being. suppliers, customers, competitors,
and community)
C. Employers may affect employees
well being with: These key aspects hold equal
importance:
1. Pension schemes 1. Societal influence This refers to
2. Access to medical assistance how society impacts the
3. Healthy and safe work corporation, including the influence
environments on stakeholders.
4. Assistance in the long-term sick 2. Environmental impact This refers
leaves to the impact of the
5. Support to family matters such as corporation on the geophysical
bereavement, kindergarten, ensuring environment, such as
maternity leave for mothers, water waste, paper waste and energy
restaurants and social recreational waste.
facilities for staff, preparation for 3. Organizational culture This
one’s retirement refers to the relationship between the
6. Advisory policies for solving corporation, including its managers,
contemporary problems of and its internal stakeholders,
welfare and others particularly employees, and all that
those relationships entail.
Three kinds of engagement which 4. Finance This refers to the impact
can appear simultaneously: of the corporation’s
1. Affective Commitment financial return in relation to the
Employee’s emotional potential for risk and
relationship to the organization the level of risk.
based on passion and
satisfaction.
WEEK 9 MIDTERM EXAMINATION

2. Continuance Commitment
It is the result of cost and benefit
calculation connected with
staying in the organization.
WEEK 10 B. Employee Volunteering as a Social
Tool of Building Engagement

● According to Archie B. Carrol employee

volunteering creates the highest level of
corporate social responsibility.
● The core of employee volunteering is self-
imposed work for pro-social initiatives,
Inherently the character of those activities
is gratuitous.

C. Institutional Perspective of Managing

the
Commons

Hierarchical Levels of The Companies’

Governance and Management Process. Based
On the Concepts of Integral Governance and
● The pyramid of corporate social responsibility Management, These Levels Are:
is a theoretical concept that implies that
corporate social responsibility is presented by 1. Political or Normative (Shareholders)
four dimensions: economic, legal, ethical, and 2. Strategic (Top Management) And
philanthropic responsibility. 3. Tactical/Operative (Or Operational)

1. ECONOMIC RESPONSIBILITY COMMUNITY RELATIONS

The lowest level of the pyramid represents a ● Various methods companies use to
business’s first responsibility, which is to be establish and maintain a mutually beneficial
profitable. relationship with the communities in which they
operate.
2. LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY

The second level of the pyramid is the business’s WHY IS THERE A NEED TO BE INVOLVE?
legal obligation to obey the law.
● No longer are buyers acting as mindless or
3. ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY passive consumers, but as meticulous judges of a
company.
The ethical layer of the pyramid is described as
doing the right thing, being fair in all STRATEGIES FOR COMMUNITY RELATIONS
situations and also avoiding harm.
1. CREATE SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY
4. Philanthropic Responsibility
LINKS
At the top of the pyramid, occupying the smallest 2. KNOW THE NEEDS OF THE PEOPLE
space is philanthropy. 3. AIM TO IMPROVE COMMUNITY
 WEEK 10

TWO MARKETING STRATEGIES THAT What is Social Responsibility?

RAISED THE GOOD IN EACH COMPANY It is an ethical concept that implies that an
individual, whether an entity or a person, has a
duty to act for the good of society as a whole.
CAUSE MARKETING
Government's Role in Social
● works by highlighting the causes that Responsibilities
companies support through tri-media, such as The government's demonstration of social
print, television, radio, and internet. responsibility is to ensure full conformity with the
law, which is, in turn, the primary corporate
SOCIAL MARKETING expectation of the government.

● targets consumer behavior indirectly by tying Nature & History

the cause to the purchase of the product or the - The origins of social responsibility in a modern
service. sense can be traced back to the now
controversial article written in 1970 by Milton
Friedman.
TYPES OF COMMUNITIES
AROUND THE CORPORATION - He wrote that social responsibility is a
"fundamentally disruptive concept in a free
1. FENCELINE COMMUNITY - One of the first society."
people to be impacted by the operations of the
Triple Bottom Line
company, and should be one of the priorities of the Introduced by John Elkington
company.
• People
2. SITE COMMUNITY - This is the town or city • Planet
• Profit
the company is operating in and they are one of the
most important pillars around the company.
W. Edwards Deming
One of the Founding Fathers of Total Quality
3. INTEREST COMMUNITY - These are Management.
communities that are made up of individuals that
share a common intent or goal. Deming's 14 Points on TQM (Total
Quality Management)
4. IMPACT COMMUNITY - This describes the
communities that are outside the geographic location 1. Create constancy of purpose for
of the company, but are also affected by its improving products and services.
operations. 2. Adopt the new philosophy.
3. Cease dependence on inspection to
5. EMPLOYEE COMMUNITY - It pertains to the achieve quality.
communities of the employees. 4. End the practice of rewarding business
on price alone.
5. Improve constantly and forever every
6. CYBER COMMUNITY - One of the fastest
process for planning, production and
growing communities, cyber community is a virtual service.
community. 6. Institute training on the job.
7. Adopt and institute leadership.
8. Drive out fear.
9. Break down barriers between staff areas.
 10. Eliminate slogans, exhortations and targets for food, the right to health and the right to
the workforce. education and to social security.
11. Eliminate numerical quotas for the workforce
ISO 26000 provides guidance for companies
and numerical goals for management.
to support human rights, particularly by:
12. Remove barriers that rob people of pride of
workmanship, and eliminate the annual rating • Allowing free organization and collective
or merit system. negotiations
13. Institute a vigorous program of education and • Providing equal employment opportunities
self-improvement for everyone. • Preventing all forms of discrimination
14. Put everybody in the company to work • Resolving grievances
accomplishing the transformation. • Seeking ways to prevent or mitigate adverse
human rights impacts, including child labor.
ISO 26000
- is an international standard developed to help 3. Labor practices
organizations to assess and address their social • A company's labor policies must be
responsibilities. consistent with its policies and operations,
including those carried out on the basis of their
7 Key Principles of ISO 26000 activities, by subcontracting research.
1. Accountability
2. Transparency Responsible labor practices should
3. Ethical Behavior encompass the following areas:
4. Respect for Stakeholders' Interest • Working conditions and social protection
5. Respect for the Rule of Law • Social dialogue
6. Respect for International Norms of Behavior • Health and safety at work
7. Respect for Human Rights • Human development and training in the
workplace
7 Core Subjects of ISO 26000 4. Environment
1. Organizational Governance • Its policies and actions will inevitably have an
2. Human Rights effect on the environment wherever the
3. Labour Practices organization is located, especially when it
4. The Environment comes to resource use, pollution and waste
5. Fair Operating Practices generation, the location of operations and the
6. Consumer Issues impact of these activities on natural
7. Community Involvement and Develop environments.

1. Organizational Governance
The governance of organizations is the mechanism by Among other things, organizations are urged
which organizations make decisions and take steps to to embrace initiatives to:
achieve their goals.
• Prevent Pollution
• Use Resources Sustainably
2. Human rights
• Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change
Human rights are the civil rights to which all human
beings are entitled. • Protect the Environment, Biodiversity, and the
Restoration of Natural Habitats
Aims to protect people from abuse, discrimination, and
exploitation. 5. Fair Operating Practices
• In their relationships with other
Those rights are broken down into two types: organizations, fair business standards apply to
the ethical behavior of organizations. As viewed
• The first concerns political and civil rights such as the through the corporate social responsibility lens,
right to life, democracy and equality; these activities refer to how an organization uses
its interactions with other organizations to bring
• The second concerns economic, social and cultural positive results.
rights such as the right to work, the right to
 WEEK 11
Fair Operating Practices include:
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
• Anti- corruption
Allows businesses large and small to enact
• Responsible Political Involvement
positive change. It’s when companies choose
• Fair Competition
to do what’s right not only for their bottom line
• Promoting Social Responsibility in the Value
but also to build customer trust.
Chain
• Respecting Property Rights
1. Johnson & Johnson – their initiatives
6. Consumer issues from leveraging the power of the wind to
• Organizations that provide products and services providing safe water to communities
have certain responsibilities to consumers. around the world. Its purchase of a
privately-owned energy supplier in the
ISO 26000 allows businesses to take a more Texas Panhandle allowed the company to
responsible position on such consumer issues reduce pollution while providing a
by integrating the following into their practices.: renewable, economical alternative to
electricity. The company continues to seek
• Fair Marketing
out renewable energy options with the goal
• Factual and Unbiased Information
to procure 35% of their energy needs from
• Fair Contractual Processes
renewable sources.
• Protection of Consumer Health and Safety
• Sustainable Consumption
2. Google – 50% less energy than others in
• Consumer Service, Support, and Complaint and
the world. They also have committed over
Dispute Resolution
$1 billion to renewable energy projects
• Consumer Data Protection and Privacy.
• Access to Essential Services and enable other business to reduce their
• Education and Awareness environmental impact through services
such as Gmail.
7. Community involvement and development
• Both companies have partnerships and impacts, 3. Coca-cola – they have made changes to
whether they handle it proactively or not, on the their supply chain practices including
societies in which they work. investing in new alternatively fueled trucks.

• This relationship should be focused on community 4. Ford Company – plans to reduce their
involvement to contribute to its growth. In both greenhouse gas emissions using their
community engagement and growth, sustainable ECO boost engine to increase fuel
development is implicit. efficiency. It also plans to introduce 40
electrified vehicles (electric hybrid) by
ISO 26000 encourages organizations to 2022, in an investment of $11 billion.
integrate community involvement and According to Ford “We’re all in on this and
development into their practices by offering
we are electrifying them. In addition,
guidance on:
American Ford dealerships rely on wind
• Education and Culture sail and solar PV systems to power their
• Employment Creation and Skills Development location greatly reducing their use of
• Technology Development and Access electricity.
• Wealth and Income Creation
• Health
• Social Investment
 5. Pfizer – reduction in price of their Pevenar 13 up the company’s support and efforts to
vaccine (for pneumonia, ear and blood reach refugee candidates to hire 10,000
infections) for those in need, and in situations refugees by 2022.
such as refugees and emergency settings.
11. New Belgium Brewing Company – the
6. Wells Fargo – donates up to 15% of its brewing company owned by its employees
revenue to charitable causes each year, which through a stock ownership plan is focused
has $286.5 million in 2017 alone to more than on sustainability. Its Fort Collins brewery
14,500 non-profits through philanthropy such as produces 18% of its own electricity through
food banks and incubators to hasten the speed solar panels and wastewater. It also
to market for start-ups. They also provide contributes to bicycle and eco-focused
employees two paid days off per year to organizations.
volunteer and give back to the charity of their
choice. 12. The Walt Disney Company – is committed
to reducing their carbon footprint with goals
7. TOMS – donate a pair of shoes for every pair for zero net greenhouse gas emissions, zero
they sell and has resulted in the donation of over waste and commitment to conserve water.
60 million pair of shoes to children in need. Profits They are actively ensuring that they set strict
are used to assist the visually- impaired by international labor policies to protect the
providing prescription glasses and medical safety and rights of their employees. They
treatments, provide safe drinking water and build are also active in the community and
businesses in developing countries to create jobs. encourage employees to do the same. They
They are also strong anti-bullying advocates and also have healthy living initiatives to promote
work several non- governmental organizations healthy eating habits among employees.
and non-profits to set examples of ethical
behavior.
WEEK 12
1. San Miguel Corporation - is a Filipino
8. Bosch – half of Bosch’s research and multinational publicly listed conglomerate
development budget is invested in creating holding company.
environmental protection technology. By 2021 the 2. Philippine Long Distance Company -
company will have invested $50 million to support PLDT was established on November 28,
universities and research programs that are 1928 by the Philippine
focused on the environment, energy and mobility Government Act No. 3436. Philippine
in Germany, India, U.S. and China through Bosch legislature approved by the Governor
Energy Research Network otherwise known as General Henry L. Stimson by means of
BERN. merger of four telephone companies under
operation of the American telephone
9. General Electric (GE) – has manufactured its company.
Evolution Series Tier 4 locomotive, which will reduce 3. UNILEVER – In 1885, William Lever
established a soap manufacturing
emissions by more than 70% and launched the Digital
company in the United Kingdom with his
Wind Farm which can boost a wind farm’s energy brothers and named the company Lever
production by 20%. Brothers.

10. Starbucks - by 2025 it has pledged to hire 25,000 WEEK 13

veterans as part of their socially responsible
efforts. This hiring initiative will also look to hire Innovation and transformation are often used
more younger people with the aim of “helping synonymously, but they are different in the
jump-start careers by giving them first job.” While digital world. In some instances,
globally the company has joined with UN Refugee transformation can lead to innovation.
Agency to scale
 In the concept of Social Responsibility, private
corporations have responsibilities to society
beyond making their profit.
Values
means a person’s principles or standards of
behavior, ones judgment of what is important in
life.
Culture
means the customs, arts, social institutions and
achievements of a particular nation, people or
other social group.
Norms
means a standard or pattern, especially of social
behavior, that is typical or expected of a group
Holism
is the theory that parts of a whole are in intimate
interconnection, such that they cannot exist
independently of the whole or cannot be
understood without reference to the whole, which
is thus regarded as greater than the sum of its
parts.
Interdependence
the state of being dependent upon one another
Consequences
a result or effect of an action or condition
Ecological
concerned with the relation of living organisms to
one another and to their physical surroundings
Self-esteem
confidence in one’s own worth or abilities; self
respect
Emotionally resilience
one’s ability to adapt to stressful
situations or crises.

Complying with the CSR principles contributes to

the growth of a company’s competitiveness
in six important areas, influencing the
organization’s success:

1. Company’s cost structure

2. Available human resources
3. The customers’ perception of it
4. Its innovativeness
5. Its risk management
6. Its financial efficiency