LEARNING PACKAGE IN SCIENCE 8

The Digestive System

December 9, 2021
PROGRAM STANDARD: The learner demonstrates communicative competence
through his/her understanding while identifying the parts and function of the human
digestive system.

GRADE LEVEL STANDARD: The learner demonstrates communicative competence

through his/her understanding while identifying the parts and function of the human
digestive system and its contribution in the human body.

CONTENT STANDARD: The learner demonstrates the understanding of the digestive

system and its interaction with the circulatory, respiratory, and excretory systems in
providing the body with nutrients for energy.

Topical Content Standard: The learner demonstrates full understanding on how to

effectively and correctly identify the parts of the digestive system.

PERFORMANCE STANDARD: The learners should be able to present an analysis of the

data gathered on diseases resulting from nutrient deficiency.

Topical Performance Standard: The learner effectively identifies the complete and
accurate parts of the digestive system.

COMPETENCIES:
The learners should be able to:

• Distinguish facts from beliefs

• Explain ingestion, absorption, assimilation and excretion;
• Explain how diseases of the digestive system are prevented,
• detected and treated;
• Identify helpful practices that affect the digestive system
Makes the most of his/her
knowledge of science and
technology:

• Understands the technological principles underlying the issue

• Identifies the overall function of the digestive system and the
process
• Identifies the different components and determines their respective functions of the
elements of the digestive system
• Makes a schematic representation of the principles underlying
the construction and operation of the digestive system and the
process
Communicates in the languages
used in science and technology:

• Participates in exchanging scientific and technological

information
• Is open and listens to other points of view during group
discussions
• Validates his/her point of view or solution by comparing it with
others
• Integrates appropriate scientific and technological terms into
his/her oral and written vocabulary

GENERAL OBJECTIVES:
Be able to name the organs that make up the digestive system. Be able to describe the
major function or functions of each organ in the digestive system. Be able to describe
the microstructure of a typical cross-section of the digestive tract. Be able to describe
how intestinal smooth muscle responds to being stretched.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the learning period, learner is expected to:
1. Identify the parts and function of the digestive system
2. Internalize the importance of each organs in processing the food
3. Trace the correct pathway of food inside the digestive system

PRIOR KNOWLEDGE
1. Digestion of food is carried out by the organs and substances of the digestive
system.
2. During digestion, food is broken down to smaller parts a fraction of which is made
up of nutrients.

3. These nutrients are circulated to the different parts of the body through the
bloodstream and assimilated by cells.

NEW KNOWLEDGE
1. The digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal tract also called the GI tract or
digestive tract. The GI tract is a series of hollow organs joined in a long, twisting tube
from mouth to the anus.
2. The hollow organs that make up the GI are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
intestine, large intestine, and anus.
3. The liver, pancreas and gallbladder are the solid organs of the digestive system.

SUBJECT MATTER: The Digestive System

REFERENCE: Science 8 Learner’s Module, Grade 10 Science Learner’s Module

Grade 10 Science Teacher’s Guide, Digestive System Video
Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption and Elimination Video
pp: 291- 306

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS:
Paper, Activity sheet, pen, pencil, manila paper, marker, cartolina and ballpen

TEACHER’S ACTIVITY STUDENT’S ACTIVITY

I. INTRODUCTION

A. DAILY ROUTINE

Good morning class. Good Morning Sir,

Good Morning Classmates,
It’s nice to see you today.

Okay class. Before we start our discussion

let us bow our head and pray. Lord, we thank you for this day that you
have given. Please help us understand our
lesson and guide us in everything we do.
Thank you once again, Lord. In Jesus
name we pray, Amen.

Nice to see you too class.

But before you take your seats, kindly
pickup all pieces of paper you may find
around you or under your seats. Okay sir.

Please take your seat. Thank you sir.

You’re welcome class.

Is there any absent from the class? None, sir. Everyone is Present

Good job class.

B. DRILL

Class before you go to school you had

your break-fast right?
Please describe the breakfast you had
before the class, and try to guess what
happened to the food you ate.

What do you think is the organ system

involve in the digestion of your food? The organ system involve in the digestion
of food is the digestive system.

Now class, I have here a puzzle you are

going to loop as many words (organs)
associated with the digestive system that
you can find. Okay sir.

You may start now.

Is everybody done with the puzzle? Yes sir, we are done.

Who can give me the words that you found

associated with digestive system? Sir, the words that I found associated with
digestive system are:

Large intestine
Liver
Esophagus
Stomach
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Anus
Mouth and,
Small intestine
Wow, good job.
In this lesson you will learn the functions of
organs that compose the digestive system
and how these organs work together.

C. REVIEW/RECAP

The last time we met, I’ve presented to you

the
lesson on Muscular System. Let us have
first a short
recap on such previous lesson.
Again, who can give me the definition of
muscular system? The muscular system is composed of
specialized cells called muscle fibers.

Very well said. How about the function of

muscular system? Their predominant function
is contractibility. Muscles, attached to
bones or internal organs and blood
vessels, are responsible for movement.
Nearly all movement in the body is the
result of muscle contraction.

That is correct. Who can give me the three

types of muscle tissue? The three types of muscle tissue are
SKELETAL MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE and
SMOOTH MUSCLE

Great job.

D. MOTIVATION

Before we start our lesson, we will have

some activity. (Each student will be given 2 crackers)

Activity: CRACKER IN THE MOUTH

Step 1- Put a regular cracker into your

mouth and chew.
Step 2- Place the new cracker in your
mouth and let it sit for 2 mins
Okay class, what do you observed in our
activity?

What does it feel like initially? Sir, the cracker feels very solid in my
mouth.

What it feels after 2 minutes in your mouth Sir, the cracker feels like it’s being melted
inside my mouth.

What it feels like when you chew it? Sir, the cracker feels like it’s being rip into
small pieces and becomes powdery in
texture.
Very good class!

Our activity shows how the saliva in our

mouth lubricates and soften the food we
ate.

Class. Are you ready for the lesson? Yes sir!

II. INTERACTION

A. LESSON PROPER

I’m going to divide you into six groups,

choose one representative in your group
and proceed in front. Yes sir!

Here are six envelopes then choose one

envelope then proceed to your respective
group. (6 students will approach the front.)

Now let’s open the envelope then identify

the specific picture and discuss its function Students will return to their group with the
in 3 minutes. envelope.

Okay, Times Up! What have you noticed

about the pictures? They are parts of Digestive System.

Yes, very good! And now we will discuss

about the digestive system in detail.
Ok class, do you have any idea about the
Digestive System? The Digestive system is the one
responsible for the food we eat.
That is correct!

The Digestive System is responsible for

the breakdown and absorption of the
nutrients from the food thereby bringing
energy for the body, and it is divided into
two parts the organ of alimentary tract that
comes in contact with the food and the
accessory organ that pour out secretion to
assess in the digestive system.

What is the process by which the food is

broken into smaller components that the
body can absorb to nourish the cell? Digestion

What are the two phases of Digestion? Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

During mechanical digestion the food is

broken down into smaller pieces in the
process of chewing or mastication.
Example is the cracker in the mouth
activity.

In chemical digestion the food is acted

upon the chemical subs called enzymes.
The enzymes convert the food into their
simplest form.

Ok class, did you understand? Yes, sir.

Now class, one representative per group

will discuss their collaboration in front. Yes, sir.

Who among you here have the mouth

image? We have it!

Be the first to discuss your work. The mouth is where the digestion begins,
in the mouth the food is mechanically and
chemically digested.

Very good! You may now take your seat.

The mouth contains the following
structures.
The teeth which breaks down the food into
smaller pieces.
The tongue a muscular organ that mixes
the food with saliva aids in swallowing.
The duct of the salivary glands that
secretes saliva that lubricate the food and
the palate that forms the rooting of the
mouth.

What is the enzyme that digest the

carbohydrates in the mouth? Salivary Amylase Ptyalin

That is correct!
The food that enters the mouth is chewed
and it is now called bolus.

Let’s follow the food as it passes through

the digestive system.

Okay, from the mouth food passes through

the what? Pharynx

Yes, that’s right, and who have the picture

of the pharynx, can you share your ideas? The pharynx or throat is located posterior
to the mouth, it is the common
passageway for digestion and respiration.

Very good!
The pharynx is 5-6 inches long. During
swallowing, the sphincter muscles relaxes
and raise the epiglottis which prevents
the bolus or the food from entering in the
trachea.

What prevent the bolus or food from

entering the trachea? Epiglottis

After the food passes through the pharynx

the next is? Esophagus

Correct! Which group will discuss about

the esophagus? The esophagus is a muscular tube
through where the food s from pharynx to
the stomach.
Very good! You may return to your seat.

During swallowing, the bolus is conveyed

by the esophagus into the stomach via
wavelike contraction and relaxation of
involuntary muscle that is called
peristalsis.

What is that wavelike contraction or

rhythmic movement? Peristalsis

Through peristalsis, the food goes through

the cardiac sphincter a ring shape
muscles, where food enters from the
esophagus to the stomach to prevent food
reflux.

So again, what is the muscles that prevent

food reflux? Cardiac Sphincter

That is correct!

Now, after the food pass through the

esophagus and next is the? Stomach

Can you discuss it in front? The stomach is an expanding organ

located between the esophagus and small
intestine. The stomach stores the food and
mixes the food with gastric juice.

Yes, the stomach is a pear-shaped organ

that is about 30.5 cm long and 15.2 wide,
the bolus enters the stomach will convert
to semi fluid partially digested food, what
we called? Chyme

Very good and now next organ is the small

intestines.

Please go in front and discuss. Small intestine is considered as the

organ of complete digestion and
absorption, it is considered as the longest
organ of the digestive system.

Yes, good job.

The chyme enters to the small intestines
through the pyloric sphincter, the small
intestine signals the pancreas to produce
pancreatic juice, and the gall bladder to
release bile.
Pancreatic juices aid in the digestion of
protein and carbohydrates and the bile is
responsible to break down fats.

Okay class, what organ produces the bile? Liver

What organ stores the bile? Gall bladder

After passing through the small intestine,

the food enters to the? Large intestine

The last group will share their idea. Large intestine is divided into 3 parts:
ascending colon, transverse colon and the
descending colon. The large intestine
stores the fecal materials, absorbs the
vitamins, and reabsorbs the water from the
undigested residue.

Very good. The appendix is also located

in the proximal end of the ascending colon.

The undigested residue or the feces it will

be stored in the RECTUM then excrete to
the ANUS.

So, in summary class, the digestive

system is composed of the? Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach,
Small intestine, Large intestine, Rectum
and the Anus.

What are the accessory organ of

digestion? Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Salivary
glands.

All are which function to do what? They are responsible for breakdown and
absorption of nutrients from food thereby
bringing energy to the body.

Okay class, do you understand? Yes, sir.

 B. EXERCISES

This time, we are going to have a sort of a

short
exercises just to further check your
understanding of the lesson.

We will going to have a guessing game. I

will erase those words that tell the parts of
the digestive system and you have to
guess it correctly.

Are you ready class? Yes sir!

Okay you may start now.

Good job class all your answers are
correct.

III. INTEGRATION

A. APPLICATION

To further understand the lesson, let’s do

some demonstration.

We called this BREAD IN THE BAG

Materials needed are Zip lock bag, ½
sliced bread and water.

Procedures:
1. Take ½ piece of bread per group

2. Obtain the zip lock bag.

3. Tear your ½ sliced of bread into smaller

pieces and placed it into the bag. What
does this represent? Food broken into smaller pieces by the
teeth. Mechanical digestion in the mouth.
 4. Pour smaller amount of water into
the bag. What does this represent? Food is mixed with gastric juice of the
stomach. Chemical Digestion in the
stomach.

5. Close the bag and squish the bread

with your finger until all pieces are
small. What does this represent? Represent the peristalsis and mechanical
digestion in the stomach.

6. Drain the liquid contents down to

the sink by creating a small gap
which prevent by escaping. What
does this represent? Large intestine reabsorbs the water of
undigested residue.

7. Put all the content of the bag into

the garbage. What does this Waste or the feces is temporary stored in
represent? the rectum and it was excreted in the anus.

Okay class. Did you understand our

lesson for today? Yes sir.

B. GENERALIZATION

Before we proceed with your short

evaluation,
let us have a quick generalization of what
was
discussed.

What is the importance of Digestive

system? It allows wastes to be eliminated from the
body

What are the pats of the digestive system? Mouth, salivary glands, esophagus, liver,
gall bladder, small intestine, large
intestine, stomach, pancreas, rectum and
anus.
Why does digestive system called as a Because the process of food is continuous
continuous pathway? everytime we eat food from mouth to anus
where we eliminate the wastes.

Very good!

C. EVALUATION/ASESSMENT

Direction: Choose the best answer and

write the letter on the space provided. Students will be given 5 minutes to
answer.

______ 1. Digestion is ___________.

a) The breakdown of food into
smaller substance that can be
absorbed by the body
b) The breakdown of food in the
mouth which contains salivary
amylase
c) The breakdown of starches into
simple sugars to be easily
swallowed in the esophagus
d) The breakdown of protein into
smaller peptides.
______ 2. It is where the process of
digestion begins.
a) Tongue
b) Teeth
c) Mouth
d) Esophagus
______ 3. The enzyme which is
responsible for protein digestion.
a) Chyme
b) Salivary amylase
c) Pepsin
d) Hydrochloric acid
______ 4. A ring-shaped muscle where
food enters from esophagus to stomach.
a) Pyloric sphincter
b) Cardiac sphincter
c) Epiglottis
d) Pyloric valve
______ 5. Where does the absorption of
water occur?
 a) Stomach
b) Liver
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine

CHECKING THE QUIZ

Exchange papers with your seatmates.
Who wants to read and answer number
1? Sir.

1. Digestion is ___________.
a) The breakdown of food into
smaller substance that can be
absorbed by the body
b) The breakdown of food in the
mouth which contains salivary
amylase
c) The breakdown of starches into
simple sugars to be easily
swallowed in the esophagus
d) The breakdown of protein into
smaller peptides.

What’s the answer?

The answer is A.
Correct!

Alright number 2.
(Teacher calls another student)
Sir (another student raises his/her hand)
2. It is where the process of digestion
begins.
a) Tongue
b) Teeth
c) Mouth
d) Esophagus

The answer is C.

Okay! Great! Next let’s have number 3.

(Teacher calls a student) Sir (another student raises his/her hand)
3. The enzyme which is responsible for
protein digestion.
a) Chyme
 b) Salivary amylase
c) Pepsin
d) Hydrochloric acid

The answer is C.

That is Right! It’s C.

Let’s continue with number 4.

(Teacher calls another student) Sir (students raise hands)
4. A ring-shaped muscle where food
enters from esophagus to stomach.
a) Pyloric sphincter
b) Cardiac sphincter
c) Epiglottis
d) Pyloric valve

The answer is B.

Okay! Correct!

Let’s have the last number.

(Teacher calls another student) Sir (Students raise hands)
5. Where does the absorption of water
occur?
a) Stomach
b) Liver
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine
The answer is D.

Definitely right.

That’s all. Anyone has a question? None sir.

Okay pass your papers.

“Pass your papers according to your
scores.”
“5”
“4”
“3”
“2”
“1”
“0”
 D. ASSIGNMENT

Your assignment for tomorrow.

List down three (3) digestive system
disorders.

1. Write down the causes and the ways

on how to treat them.

2. Bring the following: cotton balls, ice

candy plastic, two pieces of straw, rubber
bands

Did you understand your assignment? Yes sir.

If that is so, may I request everyone to

stand.

Goodbye class! Good bye sir,

Thank you for teaching us today.

God bless you

.

Prepared by:
Fegalan, Ryan D.
Acosta, Niel Algrin
Gabayno, Nicko Jay Y.