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Activity 8

The document provides information about the central dogma of molecular biology including definitions of key terms like DNA, RNA, transcription, translation, nucleotides, and DNA replication. It also includes questions and answers about the central dogma and DNA structure. Specifically, it defines the central dogma as the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains transcription, translation, the structure of nucleotides including the sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases. It also describes DNA replication as the process where DNA copies itself before cell division.

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Shella Mie Jamison
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46 views2 pages

Activity 8

The document provides information about the central dogma of molecular biology including definitions of key terms like DNA, RNA, transcription, translation, nucleotides, and DNA replication. It also includes questions and answers about the central dogma and DNA structure. Specifically, it defines the central dogma as the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. It explains transcription, translation, the structure of nucleotides including the sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases. It also describes DNA replication as the process where DNA copies itself before cell division.

Uploaded by

Shella Mie Jamison
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: Justine Joy Avenido Course, Year and Section: Bsed Science 3A Date:_______

Assessment in Chapter 8: Central Dogma

I. Answer the following comprehensively.

1. What is Central Dogma?

- Central dogma. The central dogma of molecular biology is a theory stating that genetic
information flows only in one direction, from DNA, to RNA, to protein, or RNA directly
to protein.

2. The central dogma states that the pattern of information that occurs most frequently in our cells
is: DNA replication, Transcription and Translation. In your own words, explain what happen during
each process.

- Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template where the code in the DNA is converted
into a complementary RNA code. Translation is the synthesis of a protein from an mRNA template
where the code in the mRNA is converted into an amino acid sequence in a protein.

3. What is a nucleotide?

- Nucleotides are organic molecules consisting of a nucleoside and a phosphate. They serve as
monomeric units of the nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, both
of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.

4. Explain the structure of nucleotides.

- A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA). A nucleotide
consists of a sugar molecule (either ribose in RNA or deoxyribose in DNA) attached to
a phosphate group and a nitrogen-containing base. The bases used in DNA are adenine
(A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).

5. Draw the different types of nitrogenous bases.

6. Describe the DNA replication.

- Definition. DNA replication is the process by which the genome's DNA is copied in
cells. Before a cell divides, it must first copy (or replicate) its entire genome so that each
resulting daughter cell ends up with its own complete genome.
Name: Justine Joy Avenido Course, Year and Section: Bsed Science 3A Date:_______

Activity in Chapter 8: Central Dogma

Activity Title: The DNA Objective: To describe the DNA Double Helix.

Procedure: Watch the video about the DNA using this link https://youtu.be/4gFF1-VHHmk , and
answer the following questions comprehensively.

1. What does double helix mean in DNA?


- Double helix, as related to genomics, is a term used to describe the physical
structure of DNA. A DNA molecule is made up of two linked strands that wind around
each other to resemble a twisted ladder in a helix-like shape. Each strand has a
backbone made of alternating sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate groups.

2. Who discovered the DNA double helix?

- Watson and Crick developed their ideas about genetic replication in a second article in Nature,
published on May 30, 1953. The two had shown that in DNA, form is function: the double-
stranded molecule could both produce exact copies of itself and carry genetic instructions.

3. What is the function of DNA?

- DNA contains the instructions needed for an organism to develop, survive and


reproduce. To carry out these functions, DNA sequences must be converted into messages
that can be used to produce proteins, which are the complex molecules that do most of the
work in our bodies.

4. Draw the DNA structure and label each parts.

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