INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE AND ITS COMPONENTS
SUBJECT/COURSE NSTP 1: LTS/CWTS/ROTC
DEVELOPER AND HIS EDDIE ARANETA PIGAR
BACKGROUND -Master of Arts concentration in Theology
-Master of Arts in Education major in Guidance and
Counseling
-48 hours in Ed.D. major in EDMA
COURSE INTRODUCTION Peace education is currently considered to be both a
philosophy and a process involving skills, including
listening, reflection, problem-solving, cooperation and
conflict resolution. The process involves empowering people
with the skills, attitudes and knowledge to create a safe
world and build a sustainable environment.
COURSE OUTLINE I. Introduction
A. Definition of Peace Education
B. Peace Building
II. Discussion
A. A Holistic Understanding of Peace
1. Defining Peace
a. Negative
b. Positive
2. Levels of Peace
B. Types of Violence
1. Direct/Physical
2. Structural
C. Peace Education as Transformative Education
D. The Peaceable Teaching-Learning Process
1. Cognitive Phase
2. Active Phase
3. Affective Phase
E. Why Educate for Peace?
1. Peace Education is a Practical Imperative
2. Peace Education is an Ethical Imperative
F. Peace Education’s Schema of Knowledge,
Skills, Attitudes/Values
1. Knowledge/Content
2. Skills
3. Attitudes/Values
G. Spiritual and Faith Traditions as Sources for
Peace
H. UDHR
CHAPTER 8
TITLE PEACE EDUCATION
OVERVIEW Through a culture of peace lens, peace educators explore cultures
of violence more deeply and aim to transition cultures of violence
to cultures of peace. To realize this aspiration, programs
purposefully educate for critical awareness, cultural solidarity,
empowerment, and transformation toward a culture of peace.
Source: google.com
INSTRUCTION TO THE The user of this module is directed to take the assessment
USERS quiz to determine how much prior knowledge one possesses
about Peace Education. Then the user should carefully read
everything written in this module in order to gain knowledge
essential in the promotion of world peace. The user should
take the self-test and evaluation at the end of the module and
is expected to comply the output required in this module.
PRE-TEST 1. Define Peace Education – Essay 5 pts.
2. How to build peace in your life and in the world around
you? – Essay 5 pts.
3. Explain the importance of peace education? Essay 5 pts.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES After studying this module, the students will be able to:
1. Define the concept of peace in a holistic way;
2. Explain the contribution or importance of peace
education in the quest for positive social change or
transformation; and
3. Identify and explain the key themes of peace
education.
DISCUSSION OF TOPICS I. Introduction
War, chaos, killings, conflicts, crimes and violence are inevitable
as it turns our society into this as part of our culture. To preserve
human kind we must act and be an advocate of peace to resolve
war, to lessen or eradicate killings and crimes and act as non-
violent member of the society.
A. Definition of Peace Education
Peace education is the process of acquiring the values, the
knowledge and developing the attitudes, skills, and behaviors to
live in harmony with oneself, with others, and with the natural
environment. It is a participatory holistic process that includes
teaching for and about the democracy and human rights,
nonviolence, social and economic justice, gender equally,
environmental peace practices, international law, and human
security. It is a participatory holistic process that includes teaching
for and about the democracy and human rights, nonviolence,
social and economic justice, gender equally, environmental peace
practices, international law, and human security.
B. Peace Building
How to build peace in your life and the world around you
Based on my personal experiences collaborating with
peacebuilders around the world, here is a list of the ten things you
can do to build a more peaceful and just world.
1. Calm your mind
Whether a seasoned advocate for peace or a young person aspiring
to make a change, it’s always good to start with yourself. Calming
your mind will help you be more patient. It will help you be
present for those who need you the most. It will help you engage
with challenging people. It will hone your intuition. It will allow
you to moderate feelings of anger and other strong emotions when
they arise. It will give you more insight to analyze complex issues
associated with conflict and inequality. It will help you be more
focused and creative in your efforts to build peace.
Here are some things you can do to calm your mind. Learn simple
mindfulness practices. Embrace quiet time. Observe your
emotions. Spend time in nature. Be mindful of your media
consumption. Breathe. Find and use contemplative practices that
work for you.
2. Simplify your life
Living a simple life will help clear your mind. You’ll have fewer
distractions and be more able to focus on finding ways to address
an issue (or issues) you care about. It will help you live your life
with intention. And with a minimalist lifestyle you will reduce
your carbon footprint. That’s a bonus!
Here are some ideas you can consider. Minimize your
possessions. Don’t take on too many work commitments. Let go
of social engagements that are not meaningful to you. Enjoy the
simple things in life. Detach yourself from the idea that you have
to be ‘busy.’ Reduce physical and mental clutter, let the
distractions fall away, and focus on what is important to you.
3. Educate yourself (and teach others) about injustice and
inequality, and about peace.
Systems that produce injustice and inequality rely on their ability
to remain invisible to the general public. Those not directly
harmed by injustice and inequality often have a difficult time
understanding these things, let alone acknowledge their existence.
To truly build a more just and equal society we need to bring these
issues to the mainstream.
Educate yourself about the structures that produce injustice and
inequality, and their historical legacy. Learn about historic
struggles for justice and equality, about social movements, about
critical events where progress was made, and of the real heroes
that made it happen. Use this knowledge to generate creative and
strategic ideas for action. Teach others and inspire change.
4. Orient your professional life towards peace
Are you a teacher? Are you teaching your students to critically
analyze war, conflict, and inequality? Are you a healthcare
worker? What are you doing to make the healthcare system more
just? Are you a police officer? How is your department addressing
the harmful effects of common policing practices? Are you an
entrepreneur? Are you applying your skills to address a social
cause? Are you working in the global aid industry? What are you
doing to decolonize aid?
Consider the ways your work contributes to injustice and
inequality, or the potential for it to contribute to peace and justice.
Clarify what social issues you care about the most. Spend time to
reflect and find ways to address these issues in your work and
professional life. Seek opportunities to make change, or create
new ones. Practical actions will be unique to each profession type.
5. Transform interpersonal conflicts
If you are working to build peace, you must become adept at
transforming interpersonal conflicts. On principle, transforming
conflict in relationships allows everyone to live happier, more
fulfilling (thus peaceful) lives. At the same time, working to make
change can be stressful, and you will likely encounter conflict
with persons on your team who have different ideas about how to
move forward. Also, when rattling the foundations of injustice and
inequality, you will certainly come into conflict with persons who
benefit from these. You must then be well prepared to engage
constructively to transform these relationships, to mitigate
opposition to your efforts to build peace.
When you encounter interpersonal conflicts, whether you are
directly involved or if you are a third party, take them as an
opportunity to develop your capacity to manage conflict. Develop
techniques to transform these relationships, to make opponents
your allies, and to build strong, cohesive teams working together
on issues of shared concern. Develop and practice listening and
communication skills. Learn techniques to open constructive
dialogue. Mediate a conflict. Find ways to build trust. Search for
common ground. Create opportunities for forgiveness, healing,
and reconciliation.
6. Transform community spaces; or use them for peace
learning and action
Transforming community spaces is a unique, often overlooked
way to build peace and justice. We often neglect how community
spaces contribute to inequality and promote war culture. How are
people divided in your city? Does your city have a history of
segregating minority communities? Do some communities have
better schools or health facilities? Who has access to parks and
natural spaces? In which neighborhoods are the waste facilities,
power plants, and factories? Where are the museums and cultural
sites? What about public monuments? Do they glorify war
‘heroes’ or do they inspire peace?
Here are some ideas you can use to transform spaces in your
community or use them for peace learning and action. Preserve,
protect, and promote diverse cultural and historic sites. Make
community spaces accessible, inclusive, and family-friendly.
Reclaim parks, plazas, and walkways. Create shared spaces. Use
community spaces for peace learning. Do a community art project.
Remove monuments to war ‘heroes’ and bigots. Build monuments
to peace heroes.
7. Transform structures tied to the dynamics of war, violence,
injustice, and inequality, or withdraw resources and support for
war.
Warfare is not possible without a high degree of organization and
immense amounts of resources. If we are to abolish war, the
structures and institutions of the State that create war abroad and
state violence at home must be transformed. Money and resources
that feed war must be removed. Likewise, inequality and injustice
are a product of government institutions, public policies, and
economic systems. To create a more just and equal society
requires substantial structural and policy change that strikes to the
core of how our societies operate.
Here are some ideas to transform the structures tied to the
dynamics of war, violence, injustice, and inequality. Depending
on your position and level of influence, your actions may range
from voting, to advocacy, to direct policy/institution reform.
Demilitarize defense and policing. Use military and police for
peaceful purposes. Mobilize for incisive criminal justice reform.
Divert funds for war and allocate them for education, health care,
social services, diplomacy, peace, arts, and culture. Create laws
that regulate the production and sale of weaponry at the national
and international levels. Divest from companies, governments,
individuals, and institutions that promote/profit from war. Resist
paying taxes for war.
8. Disrupt narratives that justify war and rationalize
inequality
As children, we learn a history littered with stories glorifying war.
We learn that violence is justified, even dignified. We are inspired
by war heroes we read about in history books. Our religious
leaders provide the military with their blessings. Political leaders
craft lies that justify war, and media outlets provide an echo
chamber. Likewise, these institutions produce countless
rationalizations of inequality. Historic injustice and inequality are
whitewashed in schools. We create the illusion that people
become rich and successful only from their own volition. We
obscure the vast inequalities that provide easy pathways to success
for some while constructing barriers to advancement for others.
Poor people are blamed for their condition.
These narratives must be disrupted. People must be educated
about the reality of war and of systems that produce inequality.
Here are some ideas for action. Transform the teaching of history
in schools. Discredit war propaganda and myths that justify
violence. Demystify threats. Promote an understanding that
violence is not innate; war not inevitable. Expose motivations and
deceptive tactics of corrupt leaders who rationalize violence.
Deconstruct nationalist ideologies and the politics of division.
Combat hate speech and humanize marginalized groups. Speak
out against the misuse of religion for discriminatory purposes,
especially within your own faith group.
9. Leverage the power of music, art, and culture for peace
Music, art, and culture can be powerful tools to make change.
They can inspire us. They can unite people. They can heal. They
can change hearts and minds. They can help us see things in
different ways. There is infinite potential in art and music, and in
the use of culture to make positive change. And with social media,
messages spread fast, and can reach far and wide.
Here are just some ideas for leveraging the power of art and
culture for peace and justice. Use music, performance, poetry,
comedy, or storytelling to raise awareness of issues or imagine
peaceful futures. Dance or craft for a cause. Build characters and
storylines that break stereotypes. Use sports to bring people in
conflict together. Celebrate days of peace, human rights, and
social justice. Involve cultural icons in peace actions. Join or
create public prayer, meditation, or vigils for peace. Create peace
imagery or re-imagine symbols. Create or use rituals to promote
peace and tolerance. And don’t forget to amplify your message on
social media.
10. Create (or support) structures for peace and justice
When so much of our time is spent struggling to change systemic
problems, sometimes the best approach we can take is to create
structures for peace (or support existing ones). This can be
refreshing because it shifts the focus from the problem to the
solution. It creates new potential for peace because a structure for
peace by its nature is creating something new. It is not chasing the
problem. It is exploring new solutions.
There are many types of groups or structures that you can create
or support. Here are some ideas. Start or support a community
organization, non-profit, or social enterprise working on issues
important to you. Create or support mechanisms to report, prevent,
or respond to violence. Support the creation (or existing work) of
government departments dedicated to promoting peace and
justice. Create or join platforms, forums, or networks for peace.
Launch a podcast, a blog, a vlog, or other online platforms for
peace, or specific to an issue that is important for you.
II. Discussion
A. A Holistic Understanding of Peace
1. Defining Peace
Peace is both the absence of personal/direct violence, and the
presence of social justice. The meaning of peace can be captured
by the idea of a negative peace and the idea of a positive peace.
Negative peace refers to the absence of war or physical/direct
violence, while positive peace refers to the presence of just and
non-exploitative relationships, as well as human and ecological
well-being, such that the root cause of conflict are diminished.
2. Levels of Peace
There is a three-level theoretical framework to define peace:
a. Individual peace - within the human person;
b. Social peace - relationships between people and social groups;
and
c. Political peace - ethical values, political infrastructures and
accountability of actors and institutions in charge of peace and
security
B. Types of Violence
1. Direct/Physical
Direct violence as 'physical harming other humans with intention'
and structural violence as 'harm to humans as a result of injustices
in our societies’.
2. Structural
Structural violence refers to any scenario in which a social
structure perpetuates inequity, thus causing preventable suffering.
When studying structural violence, we examine the ways that
social structures (economic, political, medical, and legal systems)
can have a disproportionately negative impact on particular groups
and communities.
C. Peace Education as Transformative Education
1. It promotes the culture of peace that is essential in transforming
peaceful society.
2. The role of the school is to promote peace and teach them
knowledge base, skills, attitudes and behaviors that can help
transform our society into peaceful one.
D. The Peaceable Teaching-Learning Process
1. Cognitive Phase. Students must be aware and understand
2. Active Phase. Students must take practical action
3. Affective Phase. Students must be concerned, respond and
value
E. Why Educate for Peace?
1. Peace Education is a practical imperative.
Our world is so chaotic because of war, social injustice and
violence in all forms. Do you want to live and give your children
with this kind of society?
The main purposes of Peace Education are the elimination of
social injustice, rejection of violence and the abolition of war to
transform our society to a peaceful one.
Education is the best way to promote peace in teaching the
students (the society of tomorrow) non-violent, humane and
ecological alternatives in dealing and eradicating violence.
We know that war has given birth to the horrendous phenomena
such as war-time, rape and sex slavery, ethnic cleansing and
genocide (systematic killing of a racial or cultural group).
War is accepted as a legitimate means to pursue the so-called
national interest.
War carries with a host of the other elements: amassing
armaments, increasing military forces, inventing sophisticated and
destructive weapons, developing espionages (spy) skills and
technology, willingness to subordinate human rights and use of
torture on enemies.
2. Peace Education is an ethical imperative.
Education can be a vehicle of transformation through teaching
Ethical principles.
There are principles of ethics wherein it values life, not one
human but also other life forms in nature, respect for human
dignity, non-violence, justice, unity and love as a social ethic.
They are highly encouraged for actualization because it brings us
to the common good.
F. Peace Education’s Schema of Knowledge, Skills,
attitudes/Values
This is the list of key knowledge areas, skills, attitudes and values
that a student must learn and possess to achieve the transformation
of peaceful society.
The list is based on a survey of the Center for Peace Education of
Miriam College.
1. Knowledge/Content
a. Holistic Concepts of Peace
It is very important that the students understand the meaning and
the concept of peace and it is not just absence of war or physical
violence but also the presence of well-being, cooperation and just
relationship in all living forms.
b. Conflict and Violence
Let them understand that conflicts are a natural part of person’s
social life, but they become problems of violence depending on
the methods of conflict resolution used.
2. Attitudes/Values: self-respect, respect for others, respect for
life/non-violence, gender equality, compassion, global concern,
ecological concern, cooperation, openness/tolerance, justice/
social responsibility, and positive vision
3. Skills: reflection, critical thinking & analysis, decision-making,
imagination, communication, conflict resolution, empathy, and
group building
G. Spiritual and Faith Traditions as Sources for Peace
The world’s major spiritual and faith traditions inspire and
motivate people to embrace peace as a mission.
Some religious believers have gone to war and committed acts of
violence in the name of their faith but their teachings indicate
resources for peace.
Some common Peace teachings of different Religions are: the
rejection of violence, love and compassion for other humans, love
and compassion for other life forms in nature, respect human
dignity, and justice or fairness
H. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
The recognition of human rights as a significant international
concern came at the close of World War II, with the founding of
United Nations and the adoption of UDHR by UN General
Assembly in 1948.
SUMMARY AND/OR KEY The ultimate goal of education for peace, human rights and
IDEAS democracy is the development in every individual of a sense of
universal values and types of behavior on which a culture of peace
is predicated. It is possible to identify even in different socio-
cultural contexts values that are likely to be universally
recognized…Education must develop the ability of non-violent
conflict-resolution. It should therefore promote also the
development of inner peace in the minds of students so that they
can establish more firmly the qualities of tolerance, compassion,
sharing and caring. Source: https://journals.sfu.ca
SELF-CHECK TEST AND 1. Define Peace Education – Essay 5 pts.
EVALUATION 2. How to build peace in your life and in the world around
you? – Essay 5 pts.
3. Explain the importance of peace education? Essay 5 pts.
REFERENCES https://peacelearner.files.wordpress.com/2010/01/ian-harris-what-
is-peace-education11.pdf
https://journals.sfu.ca/jgcee/index.php/jgcee/article/viewFile
google.com/slideshare
OUTPUT Output: video presentation in promoting peace in the world
to be uploaded on YouTube (this is a collaborative work)
