Kidapawan City National High School
Senior High School Program
Self-Learning Module in Understanding Culture, Society and Politics
Quarter 1/ Midterm Period/ Week 3 (September ______, 2020)
Name:_________________________________________ Grade & Section:_________________
Subject Teacher:_________________________________ LRN:____________ Score: ____________
I. Objective:
Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural understanding (UCSPC11DCS-Ic6,
UCSPC11/12DCSIc-7, UCSP11/12DCSIc-8 )
II. Subject Matter:
Lesson 2 Defining Culture and Society from the perspectives of anthropology and sociology:
a. Perspectives in/approaches to the study of culture and society (i.e., comparative, historical, structural
functional, interpretive, critical)
III. Learning Resources:
References 1. Teacher’s Guide Page/s:___ 2. Learner’s Materials Pages: _____ 3. Textbook Pages:_____ 4.
Additional Materials from Learning Resources (LR) portals:_____
BOOKS • Textbook – UCSP by Ederlina D. Balena, Dolores M. Lucero, Arnel M. Peralta of Educational
Resources Corporation
• Curriculum Guide/Learning Materials
• Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs Guide)
• Media at Internet Sources/Powerpoints
Other Learning TEXTBOOKS, HANDOUTS, MODULES, Smartphone, Laptop, Wifi Broadband
Resources
IV. Procedure/Learning Activities:
V.
What I know?
Review/Activating prior Knowledge:
• Pretest
Direction: Write the word True if the statement is correct and False if it is not
_______1. Man’s social interaction serves as an avenue for creating patterns of behavior.
_______2. Every human society is organized in such a way that they need to conform to government policies
_______3. Culture provides physically acceptable patterns for meeting biological and social needs.
_______4. Culture makes it possible for man to adapt and integrate himself to his environment by being
creative and resourceful in coming up with ways and means of survival.
_______5. Culture produces man-made things such as clothing, tools, instruments, machines, and etc.
_______6. A person with ithnocentric view regards one’s own culture as a benchmark standard for all other
cultures
_______7. Culture changes over time as people respond to challenges.
_______8. Geographical space determines the appropriate culture for one specific society.
_______9. Enculturation is the process by which people learn the requirements of their surrounding culture.
_______10. Culture is composed of non-material.
What’s In?
Unlocking of Terms
Directions: Identify the following terms. Write the correct answer on the space provided before the number.
Knowledge Belief Social norms Folkways Mores Society
Values Technology Social group Social stratification
________1. The practical application of knowledge in converting raw materials into finished products
________2. It is anything held to be relatively worthy, important, desirable, or valuable.
________3. The set of ethical standards and moral obligations as dictates of reason that distinguishes human acts
as right or wrong or good from bad.
________4. These are the patterns of repetitive behavior which becomes habitual and conventional part of living.
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Kidapawan City National High School
Isidro Jr. B. Andea, Jennelyn C. Clarito,
Office Address: Roxas St., Poblacion, Kidapawan City, North Cotabato, Philippines Amelita P. Estimo, & Marilyn B. Tugnao
Telephone Number: (064)521-0435, E-mail Address: ilovekcnhs@yahoo.com Grade 11 & 12 Understanding Culture, Society & Politics
_________5. It refers to any information received and perceived to be true.
_________6. The perception of accepted reality, refers to the existence of things whether material or
nonmaterial
_________7. These are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on
the requirements of the time, place, or situation.
_________8. These are two or more people who identify with and interact with one another.
_________9. A structured ranking of entire groups of people that perpetuates unequal economic rewards,
power, and prestige in a society.
_________10. It refers to a group of people sharing a common culture within territorial boundaries.
What’s New?
Activity 1: Conduct a research or study anchored on the following topics: Philippine communication, Philippine
transportation and Philippine dances. Present your findings in a form of a narrative report. Use a separate sheet for your
answers if needed. (Topics/articles will be forwarded by your teacher if you cannot found some of these)
Period Anthropology Sociology Political Science
Pre-Spanish
Spanish
American
Modern Society
Sociology Anthropology Political Science
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What is it?
A. Activity 2 Read the key concepts of Ethnocentrism and Cultural Relativism
Ethnocentrism ➔ It is a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ and each
culture defines reality differently.
➔ Judging another culture solely by the values and standards of one’s own
culture.
➔ The attempt to judge behavior according to its cultural context
➔ The principle that an individual person’s beliefs and activities should be
Cultural Relativism understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.
➔ Cultural variation refers to the differences in social behaviors that
different cultures exhibit around the world.
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What’s more
Key Concept on Aspects of Culture
Since culture is very complex, there are important aspects of culture that contribute to the development of
man’s social interaction: 1. Dynamic, flexible, and adaptive; 2. Shared and contested; 3. Learned through socialization
orDay
enculturation;
3
4. Patterned social interactions; 5. Integrated and at times unstable; 6. Transmitted through
socialization; and 7.
A. Activity requires language
1 Anticipation and other forms of communication.
- Reaction
Directions: Explain anthropological and sociological perspective on culture and society. Think of a familiar country and
fill-in the needed information on the specified areas below.
Anthropological Perspective Area of Study Sociological Perspective
Culture
Socialization
Deviance
Inequality
Health & Illness
Family Pattern
Social Change
Race
Ethnic Group
What I have learned?
Direction: Read the following key concepts
When people find cultural practices and values not their own as disturbing and threatening, that can be regarded as
ethnocentrism. A literal meaning of ethnocentrism is the regard that one’s own culture and society is the
center of everything and therefore far more superior than others (Kottak 2012: 39; Eriksen)
2001:7). It is understandable that people laud and hold importance to the cultural values that were taught them by
their parents, elders, and other institutions of their society. The problem is when a person or groups of people
regard their own society’s set of cultural values as the only agreeable, acceptable, and highly respectable set of
Ethnocentrism
convictions. Such a perspective can harden into chauvinism, a position that everything about the other
culture is wrong, unreasonable, detestable, and even wicked. From this perspective, the practices and
institutions of people from other societies are regarded as inferior, less intelligent, and even vicious. An
ethnocentric attitude can be an obstacle to understanding each other culture and foster tensions within or between
societies.
The concept of cultural relativism underscores the idea that the culture in every society should be understood
and regarded on its own terms. Societies are qualitatively different from one another, such that each one has its
Cultural own “unique inner logic” (Eriksen 2001: 14). Cultural traits can only be known and valued in the context of the
Relativism society by which they emerge and are practiced. Cultural relativism promotes the idea that a society has to be
viewed from the inside so that inner logic can be better explained. A society’s idea of a good life will not likely be
shared by another society that interprets the notion of “good” from a sharply different social perspective. In
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other words, each society has a different yardstick in appreciating the value of its own cultural trait. Cultural
relativism, however, cannot be regarded as the flip side of ethnocentrism. The concept of cultural relativism is more
analytical and methodological rather than being a moral principle. Anthropologists apply the concept of cultural
relativity in investigating and comparing societies without declaring one being better or more preferable to the other.
Moreover, appreciating and accepting the uniqueness of one society’s cultural trait does not mean that universal human moral traits of
right or wrong no longer apply. For instance, cultural traits that promote subjugation of women by hurting or killing them do not necessarily
mean that they are right by virtue of one society’s inner logic. There are underlying patterns of human cultural traits that are
common and universally acceptable to humanity. The violent subjugation and elimination of human life or traits are broadly
unacceptable to the rest of humanity. Through a relativist approach consciously balanced by a universalist understanding of what is
humanely acceptable, the dangers of ethnocentrism can be addressed.
What I can do?
Detecting Ethnocentrism and Promoting Respect for Other Cultures
Find pictures of food usually prepared and not usually prepared in your community or region. Comment on
the food in the picture you search and compare them to the food from other places. Use separate sheet of
paper .
Kinds of Strange
Bad Food Good Food Best Food Reasons
Food Food
Food 1
Food 2
Food 3
Food 4
Food 5
In choosing the pictures of food, be sensitive to religious or some other forms of cultural prohibitions on food.
A religious or cultural prohibition on food does not mean an ethnocentric rule but a cultural particularity that
underscores the idea that societies are indeed diverse.
V. ASSESSMENT : Explain the importance of cultural relativism in attaining cultural
understanding(UCSPC11DCS-Ic6, UCSPC11/12DCSIc-7, UCSP11/12DCSIc-8 ).
A. Identify the following terms. Write the correct answer on the space provided before the number.
___________1. These are the patterns of repetitive behavior which becomes habitual and conventional part of living.
a. Beliefs b. Mores c. Values d. Folkways
____________2. It refers to any information received and perceived to be true.
a. Knowledge b. Social norms c. Values d. Technology
____________3. These are established expectations of society as to how a person is supposed to act depending on the
requirements of the time, place, or situation.
a. Beliefs b. Social norms c. Values d. Folkways
____________4. It is a perception that arises from the fact that cultures differ and each culture defines reality differently
a. Cultural relativism b. ethnocentrism c. political science d. anthropology
____________5. The attempt to judge behavior according to its cultural context and a principle that an individual
person’s beliefs and activities should be understood by others in terms of that individual’s own culture.
a. Cultural relativism b. ethnocentrism c. political science d. anthropology
B. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of cultural relativism using the table below.
Advantages Disadvantages
Cultural 1. 1.
Relativism
Ethnocentrism 2. 2.
Criteria: Content – 2 points, Organization – 2 points, Style/Structure -1 point, Mechanics/Grammar –
1 point
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C. Essay: Discuss the following questions briefly. Use the back page or another sheet of paper for your answers
1. Why is culture important in our society? (6 points)
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2. How would you differentiate ethnocentrism and cultural relativism
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Criteria: Content – 3 points, Organization – 1 point, Style/Structure – 1 point, Mechanics/Grammar – 1 point
B. Agreement /Enrichment:
A. Search and write the significant contributions of the specified administrations such as Estrada, Arroyo,
Aquino, and Duterte administrations to the different sectors of the country: Education, Health,
Agriculture, Finance, Environment, Labor and Employment, Justice, Science and Technology, Tourism
and Transportation using a graphic organizer or table form.
Noted By: ________________________________________
Name and Signature of Parent/Guardian
Date: __________________________
Knowledge: Pretest – True
Review/Activating prior
Answer key:
3. False
6. False
7. False
10. False
1. True
2. True
4. True
5. True
8. True
9. True
or False
7. Social norms
stratification
8. Social group
1. Technology
5. Knowledge
Unlocking of Terms –
4. Folkways
What’ s in activity:
Answer key:
10. Society
2. Values
6. Beliefs
3. Mores
9. Social
Identification
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Grade 11 & 12 Understanding Culture, Society, and Politics
Week 3
Answer key for evaluation
Part A Multiple Choice
Answer key:
1. D
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. A
Part B Advantages and Disadvantages
Answer may vary
Part C Essay
Answer may vary
Criteria:
Content – 3 points ,
Organization – 1 point,
Style/Structure – 1 point, Mechanics/Grammar
– 1 point
Total = 6 points
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