Tariffs and Economic Considerations 2007

(i) the kVA rating of the capacitor bank,

(ii) the capacitance of each limb of the capacitor bank connected in delta,
(iii) the capacitance of each capacitor, if each one of the limbs of the delta-connected capacitor
bank is formed by using 6 similar 3300-V capacitors.
[(i) 183.33 kVAR (ii) 17,86 µF (iii) 2.977 µF] (Util. of Elect. Power, AMIE)
13. A system is working at its maximum kVA capacity with a lagging power factor of 0.71. An antici-
pated increase of load could be met by
(i) raising the power factor of the system to 0.87 by the installation of phase advancers,
(ii) installing extra generating plant, cables etc. to meet the increased power demand.
Estimate the limiting cost per kVA of phase advancing plant which would justify its use if the cost
for generating plant is Rs. 60 per kVA. Interest and depreciation charges may be assumed to be 1%
in each case. [Rs. 36.5] (Util. of Elect. Power, AMIE)
14. A consumer requires an induction motor of 36.775 kW. He is offered two motors of the following
specifications :
Motor A : efficiency 88% and p.f. = 0.9 Motor B : efficiency 90% and p.f. = 0.81
The consumer is being charged on a two-part tariff of Rs. 70 per kVA of the maximum demand plus
5 paise per unit. The motor (B) power factor is raised to 0.89 by installing capacitors. The motor B
costs Rs. 150 less than A .
The cost of capacitor is Rs.60 per kVAR. Determine which motor is more economical and by how
much. Assume rate of interest and depreciation as 10% and working hours of motors as 2400 hours
in a year. [Motor B, Rs. 111.10] (Power Systems-II, AMIE)
15. A 250-V, 7.46 kW motor is to be selected for a workshop from two motors A and B. The cost of
each motor is same but the losses at full load are different as given below :
Motor A Motor B
Stray loss 1000 W 900 W
Shunt field loss 250 W 200 W
Armature copper loss 300 W 450 W
The motor has to work on full-load for 8 hours, half-load for 4 hours and quarter load for 4 hours
each day. Which motor should be selected ? [Motor B] (Util. of Elect. Power AMIE)
16. What is load duration curve? (Anna University, April 2002)
17. How will you classify loads? (Anna University, April 2002)
18. Why should there be diversity? (Anna University, April 2002)
19. Define load factor. (Anna University, April 2002)
20. What is M.D.? (Anna University, April 2002)
21. Distinguish between a base load plant and a peak load plant. (Anna University, April 2002)

OBJECTIVE TESTS – 50

1. While calculating the cost of electric power gen- (c) average maximum demand over a definite
eration, which of the following is NOT consid- interval of time during a certain period.
ered a fixed cost ? (d) average power demand during an interval
(a) interest on capital investment of 1-minute.
(b) taxes and insurance 3. A diversity factor of 2.5 gives a saving of
(c) most of the salaries and wages ............. percent in the generating equipment.
(d) repair and maintenance. (a) 60
2. Maximum demand of an installation is given (b) 50
by its (c) 40
(a) instantaneous maximum demand (d) 25.
(b) greatest average power demand
2008 Electrical Technology

4. Mark the WRONG statement. 11. Diversity factor is always

High load factor of a generating equipment (a) equal to unity
(a) leads to lesser charges per kWh (b) less than unity
(b) implies lower diversity in demand (c) more than unity
(c) gives more profit to the owner (e) more than twenty
12. Load factor for heavy industries may be taken
(d) can be obtained by accepting off-peak
loads. as
(a) 10 to 20%
5. In a generating station, fixed, charges at 100%
load factor are 6 paise/kWh. With 25% load (b) 25 to 40%
factor, the charges would become ............... (c) 50 to 70%
paise/kWh. (d) 70 to 80%
(a) 1.5 13. The load factor of domestic load is usually
(a) 10 to 15%
(b) 10
(b) 30 to 40%
(c) 24
(c) 50 to 60%
(d) 3
(d) 60 to 70%
6. When considering the economics of power 14. Annual depreciation cost is calculated by
transmission, Kelvin's law is used for finding
(a) sinking fund method
the
(b) straight line method
(a) cost of energy loss in bare conductors
(c) both (a) and (b)
(b) most economical cross-section of the con (d) none of the above
ductors 15. Depreciation charges are high in case of
(c) interest on capital cost of the con- ductor (a) thermal plant
(d) the maximum voltage drop in feeders. (b) diesel plant
7. A 3-phase balanced system working at 0.9 (c) hydroelectric plant
lagging power factor has a line loss of 3600 16. Demand factor is defined as
kW. If p.f. is reduced to 0.6, the line loss would (a) average load/maximum load
become ........................ kW. (b) maximum demand/connected load
(a) 8100 (c) connected load/maximum demand
(b) 1600 (d) average load × maximum load
(c) 5400 17. High load factor indicates
(d) 2400. (a) cost of generation per unit power is
8. Mark the WRONG statement. increased
While considering power factor improve- ment, (b) total plant capacity is utilised for most of
the most economical angle of lag depends on the time
the (c) total plant capacity is not properly
(a) cost/kVA rating of phase advancer utilised for most of the time
(b) rate of interest on capital outlay (d) none of the above
(c) rate of depreciation 18. A load curve indicates
(d) value of original lagging p.f. angle. (a) average power used during the period
(b) average kWh (kW) energy consumption
9. Load factor of a power station is defined as
during the period
(a) maximum demand / average load
(c) either of the above
(b) average load × maximum demand
(d) none of the above
(c) average load / maximum demand
19. Approximate estimation of power demand can
(d) (average load × maximum demand)½ be made by
10. Load factor of a power station is generally (a) load survey method
(a) equal to unity (b) statistical methods
(b) less than unity (c) mathematical method
(c) more than unity (d) economic parameters
(d) equal to zero (e) all of the above
 Tariffs and Economic Considerations 2009
20. Annual depreciation as per straight line method, 28. Following power plant has instant starting
is calculated by (a) nuclear power plant
(a) the capital cost divided by number of year (b) hydro power plant
of life (c) both (a) and (b)
(b) the capital cost minus the salvage value, (d) none of the above
is divided by the number of years of life 29. Which of the following generating station has
(c) increasing a uniform sum of money per minimum running cost?
annum at stipulated rate of interest (a) Nuclear
(d) none of the above (b) Hydro
21. A consumer has to pay lesser fixed charges in (c) Thermal
(a) flat rate tariff (d) Diesel
(b) two part tariff 30. Power plant having maximum demand more
(c) maximum demand tariff than the installed rated capacity will have
(d) any of the above utilisation factor
22. In two part tariff, variation in load factor will (a) equal to unity
affect (b) less than unity
(a) fixed charges (c) more than unity
(b) operating or running charges (d) none of the above
(c) both (a) and (b) 31. Load curve is useful in deciding the
(d) either (a) & (b) (a) operating schedule of generating units
23. In Hopkinson demand rate or two part tariff (b) sizes of generating units
the demand rate for fixed charges are (c) total installed capacity of the plant
(a) dependent upon the energy consumed (d) all of the above
(b) dependent upon the maximum demand of 32. Load curve of a power plant has always
the consumer (a) zero slope
(c) both (a) and (b) (b) positive slope
(d) neither (a) and (b) (c) negative slope
24. Which plant can never have 100 percent load (d) any combination of (a), (b) and (c)
factor? 33. Annual operating expenditure of a power plant
(a) Peak load plant consists of
(b) Base load plant (a) fixed charges
(c) Nuclear power plant (b) semi-fixed charges
(d) Hydro electric plant (c) running charges
25. The area under a load curve gives (d) all of the above
(a) average demand 34. Maximum demand on a power plant is
(b) energy consumed (a) the greatest of all ‘‘short time interval
(c) maximum demand averaged’’ demand during a period
(d) none of the above (b) instantaneous maximum value of kVA
26. Different generating stations use following supplied during a period
prime movers (c) both (a) or (b)
(a) diesel engine (d) none of the above
(b) hydraulic turbine 35. Annual instalment towards depreciation
(c) gas turbine reduces as rate of interest increases with
(d) steam turbine (a) sinking fund depreciation
(e) any of the above (b) straight line depreciation
27. Diversity factor has direct effect on the (c) reducing balances depreciation
(a) fixed cost of unit generated (d) none of the above
(b) running cost of unit generated 36. Annual depreciation of the plant is
(c) both (a) and (b) proportional to the earning capacity of the plant
(d) neither (a) nor (b) vide
2010 Electrical Technology

(a) sinking fund depreaciation (c) Foam type fire extinguisher

(b) straight line depreciation (d) CO2 fire extinguisher
(c) reducing balances depreciation 45. Low power factor is usually not due to
(d) none of the above (a) arc lamps
37. For high value of diversity factor, a power (b) induction motors
station of given installed capacity will be in (c) fluorescent tubes
a position to supply (d) incandescent lamp
(a) less number of consumers 46. Ships are generally powered by
(b) more number of consumers (a) unclear power plants
(c) neither (a) nor (b) (b) hydraulic turbines
(d) either (a) or (b) (c) diesel engines
38. Salvage value of the plant is always (d) steam accumulators
(a) positive (e) none of the above
(b) negative 47. Direct conversion of heat into electrical energy
(c) zero is possible through
(d) any of the above (a) fuel cells
39. Load curve helps in deciding (b) solar cells
(a) total installed capacity of the plant (c) MHD generators
(b) size of the generating units (d) none of the above
(c) operating schedule of generating units 48. Which of the following place is not associated
(d) all of the above with nuclear power plants in India?
40. ......... can generate power at unpredictable or (a) Narora
uncontrolled times. (b) Tarapur
(a) Solar power plant (c) Kota
(b) Tidal power plant (d) Benglore
(c) Wind power plant 49. During load shedding
(d) Any of the above (a) system power factor is changed
41. Direct conversion of heat into electric power (b) some loads are switched off
is possible through (c) system voltage is reduced
(a) fuel cell (d) system frequency is reduced
(b) batteries 50. Efficiency is the secondary consideration in
(c) thermionic converter which of the following plants?
(d) all of the above (a) Base load plants
42. A low utilization factor for a plant indicates (b) Peak load plants
that (c) Both (a) and (b)
(a) plant is used for stand by purpose only (d) none of the above
(b) plant is under maintenance 51. Air will not be the working substance in which
(c) plant is used for base load only of the following?
(d) plant is used for peak load as well as base (a) Closed cycle gas turbine
load (b) Open cycle gas turbine
43. Which of the following is not a source of (c) Diesel engine
power? (d) Petrol engine
(a) Thermocouple 52. A nuclear power plant is invariably used as a
(b) Photovoltaic cell (a) peak load plant
(c) Solar cell (b) base load plant
(d) Photoelectric cell (c) stand-by plant
44. Which of the following should be used for (d) espinning reserve plant
extinguishing electrical fires? (e) any of the above
(a) Water 53. ........power plant is expected to have the
(b) Carbon tetrachloride fire extinguisher longest life.
 Tariffs and Economic Considerations 2011
(a) Steam (b) cold reserve
(b) Diesel (c) hot reserve
(c) Hydroelectric (d) spinning reserve
(d) Any of the above 62. ....... offers the highest electric load.
54. ....... power plant cannot have single unit of (a) Television set
100 MW. (b) Toaster
(a) Hydroelectric (c) Vacuum cleaner
(b) Nuclear (d) Washing machine
(c) Steam 63. ....... industry has the least power consumption
(d) Diseal per tonne of product.
(e) Any of the above (a) Soap
55. Which of the following, in a thermal power (b) Sugar
plant, is not a fixed cost? (c) Vegetable oil
(a) Fuel cost (d) Caustic soda
(b) Interest on capital 64. With reference to a power station which of the
(c) Depreciation following is not a fixed cost?
(d) Insurance charges (a) Fuel cost
56. ....... will offer the least load. (b) Interest on capital
(a) Vacuum cleaner (c) Insurance changes
(b) Television (d) Depreciation
(c) Hair dryer 65. ....... is invariably used as base load plant.
(d) Electric shaver (a) Diesel engine plant
57. In ........ fuel transportation cost is least. (b) Nuclear power plant
(a) nuclear power plants (c) Gas turbine plant
(b) diesel generating plants (d) Pumped storage plant
(c) steam power stations 66. In a power plant if the maximum demand on
58. Which of the following equipment provides the plant is equal to the plant capacity, then
fluctuating load? (a) plant reserve capacity will be zero
(a) Exhaust fan (b) diversity factor will be unity
(b) Lathe machine (c) load factor will be unity
(c) Welding transformer (d) load factor will be nearly 60%
(d) All of the above 67. In case of ....... fuel transportation is the major
59. The increased load during summer months is problem.
due to (a) diesel power plants
(a) increased business activity (b) nuclear power plants
(b) increased water supply (c) hydro-electric power plants
(c) increased use of fans and air conditioners (d) thermal power plants
(d) none of the above 68. Which of the following power plants need the
60. ....... is the reserved generating capacity least period for installation?
available for service under emergency (a) Thermal power plant
conditions which is not kept in operation but (b) Diesel power plant
in working order. (c) Nuclear power plant
(a) Hot reserve (d) Hydro-electric power plant
(b) Cold reserve 69. For which of the following power plants highly
(c) Spinning reserve skilled engineers are required for running the
(d) Firm power plants?
61. Generating capacity onnected to the bus bars (a) Nuclear power plants
and ready to take load when switched on is (b) Gas turbine power plants
known as ....... (c) Solar power plants
(a) firm power (d) Hydro-electric power plants
2012 Electrical Technology

70. In which of the following power plants the (c) High cost of equipment for a given load
maintenance cost is usually high? (d) All of the above
(a) Nuclear power plant 78. In a distribution system, in order to improve
(b) Hydro-electric power plants power factor, the synchronous capacitors are
(c) Thermal power plants installed
(d) Diesel engine power plants (a) at the receiving end
71. ....... is inveriably used for peak load (b) at the sending end
(a) Nuclear power lant (c) either (a) or (b)
(b) Steam turbine plant (d) none of the above
(c) Pumped storage plant 79. Satic capacitors are rated in terms of
(d) None of the above (a) kW
72. Which of the following is not an operating (b) kWh
cost? (c) kVAR
(a) Maintenance cost (d) none of the above
(b) Fuel cost 80. Base load plants usually have ........ capital
(c) Salaries of high officials cost, ....... operating cost and ........ load factor.
(d) Salaries of operating stall (a) high, high, high
73. Which of the following is the essential (b) high, low, high
requirement of peak load plant? (c) low, low, low
(a) It should run at high speed (d) low, high, low
(b) It should produce high voltage 81. Which of the following is the disadvantage of
(c) It should be small in size a synchronous condenser?
(d) It should be capable of starting quickly (a) High maintenance cost
74. Large capacity generators are invariably (b) Continuous losses in motor
(a) water cooled (c) Noise
(b) natural air cooled (d) All of the above
(c) forced air cooled 82. For a consumer the most economical power
(d) hydrogen cooled factor is generally
75. By the use of which of the following power (a) 0.5 lagging
factor can be improved? (b) 0.5 leading
(a) Phase advancers (c) 0.95 lagging
(b) Synchronous compensators (d) 0.95 leading
(c) Static capacitors 83. A synchronous condenser is virtually which of
(d) Any of the above the following?
76. An induction motor has relatively high power (a) Induction motor
factor at (b) Underexcited synchronous motor
(a) rated r.p.m. (c) Over excited synchronous motor
(b) no load (d) D.C. generator
(c) 20 percent load (e) None of the above
(d) near full load 84. For a power plant which of the following
(e) none of the above constitutes running cost?
77. Which of the following is the disadvantage (a) Cost of wages
due to low power factor? (b) Cost of fuel
(a) Poor voltage regulation (c) Cost of lubricants
(b) Increased transmission losses (d) All of the above
 Tariffs and Economic Considerations 2013
85. In an interconnected system, the diversity factor 93. Most efficient plants are normally used as
of the whole system (a) peak load plants
(a) remains unchanged (b) base load plants
(b) decreases (c) either (a) or (b)
(c) increases (d) none of the above
(d) none of the above 94. For a diesel generating station the useful life
86. Generators for peak load plants are usually is expected to be around
designed for maximum efficienty at (a) 15 to 20 years
(a) 25 to 50 percent full load (b) 20 to 50years
(b) 50 to 75 percent full load
(c) 50 to 75 years
(c) full load
(d) 75 to 100 years
(d) 25 percent overload
95. Which of the following is not a method for
87. ........ will be least affected due to charge in
estimating depreciation charges?
supply voltage frequency.
(a) Sinking fund method
(a) Electric clock
(b) Straight line method
(b) Mixer grinder
(c) Diminishin value method
(c) Ceiling fan
(d) Room heater (d) Halsey's 50–50 formula
88. For the same maximum demand, if load factor 96. The expected useful life of an hydroelectric
is decreased, the cost generation will power station is around
(a) remain unchanged (a) 15 years
(b) decrease (b) 30 years
(c) increase (c) 60 years
89. The connected load of a domestic consumer is (d) 100 years
around 97. In a load curve the highest point represents
(a) 5 kW (a) peak demand
(b) 40 kW (b) average demand
(c) 80 kW (c) diversified demand
(d) 120 kW (d) none of the above
90. Which of the following is not necessarily an 98. Which of the following source of power is
advantage of interconnecting various power least reliable?
stations? (a) Solar energy
(a) Improved frequency of power supplied (b) Geothermal power
(b) Reduction in total installed capacity (c) Wind power
(c) Increased reliability (d) MHD
(d) Economy in operation of plants
99. In Indial production and distribution of
91. A power transformer is usually rated in electrical energy is confined to
(a) kW
(a) private sector
(b) kVAR
(b) public sector
(c) kWh
(c) government sectors
(d) kVA
(d) joint sector
92. ....... public sector undertaking is associated
(e) none of the above
with erection and sometimes running of
thermal power plants 100. A pilot exciter is provided on generators for
which of the following reasons?
(a) NTPC
(a) To excite the poles of main exciter
(b) SAIL
(b) To provide requisite starting torque to
(c) BEL
main exciter
(d) BHEL
2014 Electrical Technology

(c) To provide requisit starting torque to (b) least load

generator (c) peak demand
(d) None of the above (d) total kWh generated
101. The primary reason for low power factor is 109. Maximum demand tariff is generally not
supply system is due to installation of applied to domestic consumers because
(a) induction motors (a) they consume less power
(b) their load factor is low
(b) synchronous motors
(c) their maximum demand is low
(c) single phase motors
(d) none of the above
(d) d.c. motors
110. A 130 MW generator is usually ....... cooled
102. an over excited synchronous motor on no-load
(a) air
is known as
(b) oxygen
(a) syachronous condenser
(c) nitrogen
(b) generator
(d) hydrogen
(c) induction motor
111. For cooling of large size generators hydrogen
(d) alternator
is used because
103. Which of the following is an advantage of
(a) it is light
static capacitor for power factor improvement?
(b) it offers reduced fire risk
(a) Little maintenance cost
(c) it has high thermal conductivity
(b) Ease in installation
(d) all of the above
(c) Low losses
112. Major share of power produced in India is
(d) All of the above
through
104. For any type of consumer the ideal tariff is
(a) diesel power plants
(a) two part tariff
(b) hydroelectric power plants
(b) three part tariff
(c) thermal power plants
(c) block rate tariff
(d) nuclear power plants
(d) any of the above
113. Which of the following may not be the effect
105. The efficiency of a plant is of least concern
of low plant operating power factor?
when it is selected as
(a) Improved illumination from lighting
(a) peak load plant
(b) Reduced voltage level
(b) casual run plant
(c) Over loaded transformers
(c) either (a) or (b)
(d) Overloaded cables
(d) base load plant
114. Which of the following plants is almost
106. Power generation cost reduces as
inevitably used as base load plant?
(a) diversity factor increases and load factor
(a) Diesel engine plant
decreases
(b) Gas turbine plant
(b) diversity factor decreases and load factor
(c) Nuclear power plant
increases
(d) Pumped storage plant
(c) both diversity factor as well as load factor
115. Which of the following component, in a steam
decrease
power plant, needs maximum maintenance
(d) both diversity factor as well as load factor
attention?
increase
(a) Steam turbine
107. The depreciation charges in diminishing value
(b) Condenser
method are
(c) Water treatment plant
(a) light in early years
(d) Bioler
(b) heavy in early years
116. For the same cylinder dimensions and speed,
(c) heavy in later years
which of the following engine will produce
(d) same in all years
least power?
108. The area under daily load curve divided by
(a) Supercharged engine
24 hours gives
(b) Diesel engine
(a) average load
 Tariffs and Economic Considerations 2015
(c) Petrol engine (b) Frequency reduction
(d) All of the above engines will equal power (c) Voltage reducteion
117. The least share of power is provided in India, (d) Any of the above
by which of the following power plants? 125. In power plants insurance cover is provided
(a) Diesel power plants for which of the following?
(b) Thermal power plants (a) Unskilled workers only
(c) Hydro-electric power plants (b) Skilled workers only
(d) Nuclear power plants (c) Equipment only
118. Submarines for under water movement, are (d) All of the above
powered by which of the following? 126. A company can raise funds through
(a) Steam accumulators (a) fixed deposits
(b) Air motors (b) shares
(c) Diesel engines (c) bonds
(d) Batteries (d) any of the above
119. An alternator coupled to a ....... runs at slow 127. Which of the following are not repayable after
speed, as compared to as compared to others. a stipulated period?
(a) diesel engine (a) Shares
(b) hydraulic turbine (b) Fixed deposits
(c) steam turbine (c) Cash certificates
(d) gas turbine (d) Bonds
120. The effect of electric shock on human body 128. The knowledge of diversity factor helps in
depends on which of the following determining
(a) current (a) plant capacity
(b) voltage (b) average load
(c) duration of cantact (c) peak load
(d) all of the above (d) kWh generated
121. Which lightening stroke is most dangerous? (e) none of the above
(a) Direct stroke on line conductor 129. Load shedding is done to
(b) Indirect stroke on conductor (a) improve power factor
(c) Direct stroke on tower top (b) run the equipment efficiently
(d) Direct stroke on ground wire (c) repair the machine
122. Which of the following devices may be used (d) reduce peak demand
to provide protection against lightening over 130. when a plant resorts to load shedding it can
voltages? be concluted that
(a) Horn gaps (a) peak demand is more than the installed
(b) Rod gaps capacity
(c) Surge absorbers (b) daily load factor is unity
(d) All of the above (c) diversity factor is zero
123. When the demand of consumers is not met by (d) plant is under repairs
a power plant, it will resort to which of the 131. Which of the following is the disadvantage of
following? static capacitor for power factor improvement?
(a) Load shedding (a) Easily damaged by high voltage
(b) Power factor improvement at the (b) Cannot be repaired
generators (c) Short service life
(c) Penalising high load consumers by (d) All of the above
increasing the charges for electricity 132. If the tariff for electrical energy charages
(d) Efficient plant operation. provides incentive by way of reduced charges
124. Load shedding is possible through which of for higher consumption, then it can be
the following? concluede that
(a) Switching of the loads (a) Load factor is unity
2016 Electrical Technology

(b) power is generated through hydroelectric used as fuel in case of

plant (a) open cycle gas turbines
(c) plant has sufficient reserve capacity (b) closed cycle gas turbines
(d) station has more than two generators (c) petrol engines
133. Anything having some heat value can be (d) diesel engines

ANSWERS
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (b) 7. (a)
8. (d) 9. (c) 10. (b) 11. (c) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (c)
15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (b) 18. (b) 19. (e) 20. (b) 21. (c)
22. (b) 23. (b) 24. (a) 25. (b) 26. (e) 27. (a) 28. (d)
29. (b) 30. (c) 31. (d) 32. (d) 33. (d) 34. (a) 35. (a)
36. (c) 37. (b) 38. (d) 39. (d) 40. (d) 41. (c) 42. (a)
43. (a) 44. (b) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (c) 48. (d) 49. (b)
50. (b) 51. (a) 52. (b) 53. (c) 54. (d) 55. (a) 56. (d)
57. (a) 58. (c) 59. (c) 60. (b) 61. (d) 62. (b) 63. (c)
64. (a) 65. (b) 66. (a) 67. (d) 68. (b) 69. (a) 70. (c)
71. (c) 72. (c) 73. (d) 74. (d) 75. (d) 76. (d) 77. (d)
78. (a) 79. (c) 80. (b) 81. (d) 82. (c) 83. (c) 84. (d)
85. (c) 86. (b) 87. (f) 88. (c) 89. (a) 90. (a) 91. (d)
92. (a) 93. (b) 94. (a) 95. (d) 96. (d) 97. (a) 98. (c)
99. (b) 100. (a) 101. (a) 102. (a) 103. (d) 104. (b) 105. (c)
106. (d) 107. (b) 108. (a) 109. (c) 110. (d) 111. (d) 112. (c)
113. (a) 114. (c) 115. (d) 116. (d) 117. (a) 118. (d) 119. (b)
120. (d) 121. (a) 122. (d) 123. (a) 124. (d) 125. (c) 126. (d)
127. (d) 128. (a) 129. (d) 130. (a) 131. (d) 132. (c) 133. (b)

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