GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan
CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Nowadays, millions of soaps are being utilized as it is one of the most basic essentials
that are being used every day. It is intended to wash and clean the body and ensures sure that
exterior portions, notably the skin, are free of microorganisms. In terms of sanitary precautions,
soap is a prominent cleanser that aids people eradicate bacteria and germs that came into contact
with the skin, in addition, to maintaining the body’s health and sanity.
Soap, according to Jay (2013), may be identified as a chemical compound or mixture of
chemical compounds produced by the interaction of saturated fats or fatty glycerides with a metal
radical (or organic base). Hodgson (2015) claims that soaps are lubricants and may include
agents that kill or neutralize bacteria. With the aid of water, dirt will be lifted or pushed off surfaces
attributable to the lubricant in soap. There are numerous varieties of soaps available today, each
with a wide range of purposes, as it available for personal, commercial, and industrial use.
Moreover, saponification is a fundamental step in the procedure of developing soap. When
vegetable oil or animal fat is combined with a potent alkali, a chemical reaction known as
saponification takes place, according to a page by Hamner (2006, as quoted by Cordial, 2020).
The end result of this reaction will be the development of soap, which forms the basis of the
study's main concept. Together with the experimentation, this study would also go through the
same process.
GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan
Conversely, activated charcoal attracted growing interest within the beauty industry based
on skin advantages it offers, such as aiding to treat acne, anti-aging, and psoriasis (Barayuga,
2022). Notwithstanding these advantages associated, its anti-bacterial capability is much
essential to this endeavor. As an antimicrobial component for soaps, activated charcoal is a great
complement. It has the ability to completely eradicate bacteria and viruses and renders it hard for
any of the said substances to persist. It is an excellent tool for getting rid of unpleasant odors,
especially bodily excretions. Activated charcoal extracts cleanse the skin by dispersing all
substances when rinsed with water, and its antibacterial properties will get rid of any virus-
spreading germs that have been distributed, preventing them from adhering to other surfaces and
so reducing the possibility that they will infect people (Ancheta, 2022).
Additionally, an orange, particularly, the mandarin orange (Citrus Reticulata) is the most
typically cultivated tree fruit in the world. Orange trees are generally cultured in tropical
environments for the sweet natural product, which is stripped or cut and devoured entire or
analyzed for extraction of orange juice and also for the fragrant peel. Orange fruit is indeed the
greatest source of Vitamin C, which is beneficial to overall well-being and healthy skin. Citrus
fruits, according to Borse (2019), are outstanding for their aroma, owing to flavonoids and
limonoids found in the skin. Yet, orange peel itself contains the vast majority of their benefits.
Orange peel has potentially valuable components that can be developed into high-quality
products. Due to its anti-inflammatory and germicidal properties, the powder created from drying
the peel is a great ingredient for skin and hair (Yoshizaki et al., 2014). In addition to serving as a
secondary element for the anti-bacterial property, this will also provide aroma to the soap, which
will simultaneously oxidize and remove any residual odor.
GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan
In everyday life, people frequently interact and have a malodorous foul, for example, weary
garments and socks have one unpleasant sweat odor or bromhidrosis flavor, and clean fish and
shrimp and mutton afterward, will have a fishlike fragrance or smell of mutton on hand. Washing
one's hands is a frequent practice that one might engage in to get rid of bad odors and attain
hygienic intents. Nevertheless most of the time, soaps just work to temporarily clean the surface
and don't get rid of the odor's underlying cause or the stench itself.
And hence, in an effort to determine its feasibility and to satisfy consumer demand for an
aromatic and effective deodorizing soap, researchers explored the possibility of manufacturing
soap with an odor neutralizer and long-lasting fragrance characteristic using activated charcoal
and powdered mandarin orange (Citrus Reticulata) peel. Soap making can be a great experience
that might, at the same time, offer room for maneuvering in experimenting with a different kind of
soap. Researchers aimed to develop a soap that is unique from other soap products through the
study even though this kind of product hasn't yet reached market demand.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
This study was conducted to determine the acceptability of Activated Charcoal and
Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) peel powder as aromatic deodorizing soap.
Specifically, this sought to answer the following question:
1. What is the degree of acceptability of Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus
Reticulata) peel powder as aromatic deodorizing soap in terms of:
a. Hardness,
b. Cleansing,
c. Lather,
GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan
d. Color,
e. Fragrance
2. What is the perception of the respondents towards the homemade aromatic deodorizing
soap in terms of:
a. Hardness,
b. Cleansing,
c. Lather,
d. Color,
e. Fragrance
3. Determine whether there is a significant difference among the treatments of Activated
Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) peel powder as soap.
4. Determine whether there is a significant difference among the treatments as to the lasting
rate of the soap.
HYPOTHESES
In order to pursue the objectives of the study, the following hypotheses are advanced:
1. There is no significant differences among the treatments in terms of hardness, cleansing,
lather, color, and texture.
2. There are no significant difference in the lasting rate of the soap as to the different level
activated charcoal and mandarin orange peel powder.
GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The relationship between the variables is shown in Figure 1.
Independent Variable Dependent Variable
Activated Charcoal and
Mandarin Orange (Citrus
Reticulata) Peel Powder as
Aromatic Deodorizing Soap
Degree of Acceptability and
Perception of the Respondents in
Treatment 1 terms of:
150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive
oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye
+ 100ml water + 1 tsp activated • Hardness
charcoal + 1 tsp mandarin • Cleansing
orange peel powder • Lather
• Color
Treatment 2
150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive
• Fragrance
oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye
+ 100ml water + 2 tsp activated
charcoal + 2 tsp mandarin Lasting Rate of Aromatic
orange peel powder Deodorizing Soap
Treatment 3
150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive
oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye
+ 100ml water + 3 tsp activated
charcoal + 3 tsp mandarin
orange peel powder
Figure 1 shows Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the Treatment 1
(150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye + 100ml water + 1 tsp activated
charcoal + 1 tsp mandarin orange peel powder), Treatment 2 (150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive oil
+ 75 ml canola oil + 45g of lye + 100ml water + 2 tsp activated charcoal + 2 tsp mandarin orange
peel powder), and Treatment 3 (150 ml coconut oil + 75 ml olive oil + 75 ml canola oil + 45g of
lye + 100ml water + 3 tsp activated charcoal + 3 tsp mandarin orange peel powder) as the
independent variable and the degree of acceptability and perception of the respondents in terms
of hardness, cleansing, lather, color, and fragrance and the lasting rate of aromatic deodorizing
soap as the dependent variable.
GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The result of this research will be useful to the following:
1. Students. This study will serve as their source of information about The Acceptability of
Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder as Aromatic
Deodorizing Soap. The data gathered will help them overcome the problem with
unpleasant odor in the body and replacing it with the tangy and sweet orange smell that
will encourage them to participate socially.
2. Present Researcher - This study will benefit the current researchers as it will enable them
to discover and understand The Acceptability of Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange
(Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder as Aromatic Deodorizing Soap. The knowledge obtained
from this research would then serve as a guidance and stepping stone for them as they
discover answers in this study, preparing them to become great future researchers in the
community.
3. Parents. The result of this study will aid the parents on how The Acceptability of Activated
Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder as Aromatic Deodorizing
Soap provide their own and their children’s needs. This will enable parents to establish
healthy relationships with their children at home.
4. Consumers. The study's findings will be useful information about The Acceptability of
Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder as Aromatic
Deodorizing Soap, providing consumers with information about the powerful absorption
properties of Activated Charcoal combined with the bright, fresh scent of Mandarin Orange
(Citrus Reticulata) from the powder created from its peel.
GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan
5. Future Researchers. This study will be useful to future researchers interested in The
Acceptability of Activated Charcoal and Mandarin Orange (Citrus Reticulata) Peel Powder
as Aromatic Deodorizing Soap, and it may be useful to future academics interested in
conducting a similar study. The study's findings can be used to identify additional variables
for their own research project.
Scope and Limitations
The research is geared toward developing an acceptable aromatic deodorizing soap using
locally accessible resources such as activated charcoal and mandarin orange (Citrus Reticulata)
peel. This demonstrates a concise and useful technique for neutralizing unpleasant odors caused
by microbial contamination along with other benefits by infusing it with activated charcoal and
citrus essence from the peel's powder.
The main components are mandarin orange (Citrus Reticulata) fruits that will be
purchased in the local public market of Kalibo, Aklan. The other significant material is activated
charcoal along with lye (Sodium Hydroxide), used to generate the soap base, which will be
acquired on local pharmacies and online through Shopee, an online-shopping app. The essential
vegetable oils for soap making including canola and olive oil will be purchased in the supermarket
within the said vicinity. The coconut oil and aloe vera will be obtained and prepared at home.
The study will be delimited into four months experiment. Following the processing and
finalization of the completed product, it will be subjected to observation and in-depth assessment.
GARCIA COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY, INC.
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
Kalibo, Aklan
In terms of methodology and applicability, the study has limitations. The experimental
technique will be used.
The researchers have chosen fifteen (15) students from Garcia College of Technology,
Inc. Academic Year 2022-2023 as the respondents to evaluate the product's efficacy. The study
will be further limited to students who have agreed to use the aromatic deodorizing soap, and the
researchers have not selected individuals who are reluctant to use the said product.
The experimental investigation is scheduled to take place from February to May 2023 and
will include the purchase of materials, development of the output, experimental trials, and
evaluation of the finished product. This research will be held at Garcia College of Technology,
Inc.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
