INTRODUCTION TO SPECIAL &
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Chapter 1:
Basic Concept On Special &
Inclusive Education
PREPARED BY:
CAMPOS, CARENA JAY S.
ROSULADA, JOANA MARIE A.
ACTIVITY
TIME!
Draw me a
picture.
Intended Learning Outcome:
Analyze basic concepts
related to Special &
Inclusive Education
Inclusive Education
• According to UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific &
Cultural Education) ;
1. Is about putting the right education into action by including all
learners , respecting their diverse needs, abilities &
characteristics & eliminating all forms of discrimination in the
learning environment (2009).
2. It is the process of strengthening the capacity of the education
system to reach out to all learners. (2017)
Inclusion is the process that helps overcome barriers limiting
the presence, participation & achievement of
learner. (UNESSCO,2017, p.13)
Inclusive Education
• According to DepEd Order 21,s 2019 also known as the
Policy Guidelines on the K-12 Basic Education Program.
• Is the key standard & core principles:
• Learner – centered
• Developmently - appropriate
• Culture sensitive
• Relevant
• Gender responsive
• Contextualized
SPECIAL EDUCATION (SpEd)
• Defined as classes of instruction designed for students w/
disabilities, giftedness & talents.
• SPECIAL EDUCATION NEEDS (SEN) - refers to children w/
impairments that are seen as requiring additional
support. (UNESCO, 2017, p7)
• MAINSTREAMING is the practice of educating students
with learning challenges in regular classes in the least
restrictive environment based on their skills
• INTEGRATION refers to the creation of spaces.( Franklin,
1996)
• Mainstreamed classroom
INCLUSION
• Is the process of addressing & responding to the
diversity of needs of all learners through increasing
participation in learning cultures & communities &
reducing exclusion within & from education.
(UNESCO, 2005)
Inclusion Mainstreaming Integration
Placement of learners Placement in the Placement in the
in the regular class is regular class is based regular class in one or
based on age, on the admission more subjects or
regardless of their requirements. activities.
abilities or disabilities.
There are no pullouts Provisions of Provisions of
& no shadow teaching. interactions with interaction with
regular children, w/ the regular children with
regular class as the the SPED class as the
child's station. child station.
Individualism within May include shadow May include tutorial &
the class without teaching in the regular other learning –
pullout. class provision for assistance programs.
pullouts & one-on-one.
Philippine Inclusive Education
• A process where all types of learners with
diverse needs are given equal opportunities
for a meaningful life in non-discriminatory
environments. (Bustos, et al.,2014,p.19)
Inclusive Education Special Education
All learners , regardless of the The learners w/ disabilities ,
condition, participate in a giftedness & talents are
mainstream classroom alongside accommodated in a special class
their age peers. along with other learners of the
same condition
The learners adhere to prescribe A special curriculum is structured
curriculum & methodology w/ on the learners condition but is
some based on the regular curriculum
accommodations/adaptations &
modifications to meet the needs
of learners w/ disabilities,
giftedness, & talents.
Inclusive Education Special Education
All students simply require good The learners w/ disabilities ,
instruction, but different teaching giftedness & talents are given
strategies may be employed to specialized & intensive instruction
those w/ low/ very high anchored on their curriculum
education needs.
The general education teacher The special education teacher
oversees the learning of students & oversees the learning of the
in some cases w/ the help of a learners w/ disabilities, giftedness
shadow teacher/a special & talents with the
education teacher collaborative partnership of other
professionals listed in the IEP
Ideal number of learners: 30-35 One-on-one: 1; Group: 3-4;
Resource group:5-10
Special Education refers to programs that cater to the
educational needs of learners with disabilities, giftedness &
talents, apart from their same-aged peers.
• LSEN – Learners w/ Special Education Needs
• SWAN – Students w/ Additional Needs
• CSN – Children w/ Special Needs
• SEN –Students w/ Special Education Needs
• SEND – Children w/ Special Needs and Disabilities
Medical model Social model
The barriers created by the
The person is the problem
society are the problem
The individual needs The barriers need to be
change removed
PWDs become victims/
client that their PWDs have independence
responsibilities are control & choice
disempowered
Medical model Social model
Assessment , monitoring Resources are made
& evaluation are imposed available to regular services
by therapy
Segregation & Training of parents
alternative services are & professionals are
given provided
Society remains unchanged. Society evolves.
People first policy
