Designation: B824 – 11

Standard Specification for

General Requirements for Copper Alloy Castings1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

1. Scope* B62 Specification for Composition Bronze or Ounce Metal

1.1 This specification establishes general requirements com- Castings
mon to ASTM copper alloy casting specifications B22, B61, B66 Specification for Bronze Castings for Steam Locomo-
B62, B66, B67, B148, B176, B271, B369, B427, B505/ tive Wearing Parts
B505M, B584, B763, B770, and B806. These requirements B67 Specification for Car and Tender Journal Bearings,
apply to the casting specifications to the extent referenced Lined
therein. B148 Specification for Aluminum-Bronze Sand Castings
1.1.1 In the event of conflict between this specification and B176 Specification for Copper-Alloy Die Castings
a casting specification, the requirements of the casting speci- B194 Specification for Copper-Beryllium Alloy Plate,
fication shall take precedence. Sheet, Strip, and Rolled Bar
1.2 The chemical composition and other requirements not B208 Practice for Preparing Tension Test Specimens for
included in this specification shall be prescribed in the casting Copper Alloy Sand, Permanent Mold, Centrifugal, and
product specifications. Continuous Castings
1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be B271 Specification for Copper-Base Alloy Centrifugal
regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are Castings
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for B369 Specification for Copper-Nickel Alloy Castings
information only and are not considered standard. B427 Specification for Gear Bronze Alloy Castings
1.4 No precise quantitative relationship can be stated be- B505/B505M Specification for Copper Alloy Continuous
tween the properties of the metal in various locations of the Castings
same casting or between the properties of castings and those of B584 Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for
a test bar casting from the same metal. (See Appendix X1.)2 General Applications
B763 Specification for Copper Alloy Sand Castings for

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2. Referenced Documents Valve Applications
2.1 The following documents, of the issue in effect on date B770 Specification for Copper-Beryllium Alloy Sand Cast-
of casting purchase, form, part of this specification to the extent ings for General Applications
referenced herein: B806 Specification for Copper Alloy Permanent Mold Cast-
2.2 ASTM Standards:3 ings for General Applications
B22 Specification for Bronze Castings for Bridges and B846 Terminology for Copper and Copper Alloys
Turntables E8/E8M Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic
B61 Specification for Steam or Valve Bronze Castings Materials
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1
E54 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Special Brasses
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B05 on Copper and Bronzes4
and Copper Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B05.05 on
Castings and Ingots for Remelting. E62 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper and
Current edition approved April 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originally Copper Alloys (Photometric Methods)4
approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as B824 – 09. DOI: E76 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Nickel-Copper
10.1520/B0824-11.
2
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code application see related specification
Alloys4
in Section II of that code.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
the ASTM website. on www.astm.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.

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 B824 – 11
E255 Practice for Sampling Copper and Copper Alloys for 8.3 Where thick and thin sections of the casting adjoin, the
the Determination of Chemical Composition manufacturer shall be permitted to add fillets of adequate size,
E478 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys where not previously provided, subject to approval of the
E581 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Manganese- purchaser.
Copper Alloys
9. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
3. Terminology 9.1 The surface of the casting shall be free of adhering sand,
3.1 For definitions of terms related to copper and copper cracks, and hot tears. Other surface discontinuities shall meet
alloys, refer to Terminology B846. visual acceptance standards agreed upon between the manu-
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to this Standard: facturer and the purchaser.
3.2.1 lot—a collection of like final product (same alloy,
temper, dimensions, as applicable ) produced under the same or 10. Sampling
identical conditions from which samples were drawn for
10.1 Lot Size—A lot shall consist of: (1) all of the metal
inspection or testing, or both.
poured from a single furnace or crucible melt, or (2) all the
metal poured from two or more furnaces into a single ladle, or
4. Materials and Manufacture
(3) all of the metal poured from a continuous melting furnace
4.1 Manufacture—Mechanical properties of Copper Alloy between charges, or (4) all of the metal poured from an
UNS Nos. C94700, C95300, C95400, C95410, C95500, individual melting furnace or group of melting furnaces having
C95520, and C96800 can be changed by heat treatment. a uniform melting stock, operating during the course of
Suggested heat treatments are given in the casting specifica- one-half shift, not to exceed 5 h.
tions containing these alloys. 10.2 Chemical Analysis:
10.2.1 The sample for chemical analysis shall be taken in
5. Chemical Composition accordance with Practice E255 for product in the final form
5.1 The casting material shall conform to the chemical from the pieces selected in 10.1 and combined into one
requirements of the casting product specification involved. composite sample. The minimum weight of the composite
5.2 These composition limits do not preclude the presence sample shall be 150 g.
of other elements. Limits may be established and analysis 10.2.2 Instead of sampling as directed in 10.2.1, the manu-
required for unnamed elements by agreement between the facturer shall have the option of sampling at the time castings
manufacturer and the purchaser. are poured or from the semifinished product. When samples are
taken during the course of manufacture, sampling of the
6. Mechanical Property Requirements finished product by the manufacturer is not required. The
6.1 When tension testing is required by the casting product number of samples taken for the determination of composition
specification, the results shall conform to the requirements of shall be as follows:
that specification, when tested in accordance with Test Meth- 10.2.2.1 When samples are taken at the time the castings are
ods E8/E8M. poured, at least one sample shall be taken for each group of
castings poured from the same source of molten metal.
7. Other Requirements 10.3 Tension-test bars used in meeting the requirements of
6.1 shall be separately cast for the sand, permanent mold, and

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7.1 Hydrostatic Test—When specified in the purchase order,
a hydrostatic test shall be performed on the castings. The centrifugal casting processes. The results represent the proper-
details of the test and acceptance criteria shall be established by ties of the metal going into castings poured from the same heat.
agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser. The mechanical properties may not be the same as the
7.2 Soundness—When specified in the purchase order, cast- properties of the corresponding castings because of the solidi-
ings shall meet soundness requirements furnished or referenced fication effects of varying size, section, and design. Test bars
by the purchaser. In the absence of standards for soundness, the for continuous castings are taken from the castings and
requirement shall be as agreed upon between the manufacturer therefore represent the properties of the casting.
and the purchaser. 10.3.1 When the requirements of 6.1 have been complied
with using separately cast test bars, additional tests may be
8. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations performed using test bars removed from the casting with test
8.1 The manufacturer shall be responsible for conforming to bar location and mechanical properties agreed upon between
the dimensional requirements of the castings as related to the the manufacturer and the purchaser. It should be noted that the
drawing when the pattern equipment is produced by the minimum requirements, listed in applicable specifications,
manufacturer. were obtained using data from separately cast coupons. Test
8.2 When the pattern equipment is provided by the pur- specimens machined from castings may not achieve these
chaser, the manufacturer shall be responsible for conforming to results.
the dimensional requirements of the castings, but with any
mutually agreed to exceptions relating to the provided pattern 11. Number of Tests and Retests
equipment. 11.1 Tests:

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 B824 – 11
11.1.1 A chemical analysis of each element with a specified TABLE 1 Referee Chemical Analytical Methods
limiting value shall be made on each lot. Chemical analysis for Element Range or % max Test Methods
residual elements is not required unless specified in the Aluminum (Al) 0.005–13.5 E478
purchase order. Antimony (Sb) 0.05-0.70 E62
Arsenic (As) 0.0-0.50 E62
11.1.2 One tension test shall be performed on each lot. Carbon (C) 0.0-0.50 E76
11.1.3 Should the percent elongation of any tensile-test Copper (Cu) 50.0-99.75 E478
specimen be less than that specified and any part of the fracture Iron (Fe) 0.003-1.25 E478
0.0-5.0 E54
is outside the middle two-thirds of the gage length or in a Lead (Pb) 0.002-15.0 E478;
punched or scribed mark within the reduced section, the 2.0-30.0 Atomic Absorption
specimen may be discarded and replaced by another from the E478; Titrimetric
Manganese (Mn) 0.10-12.0 E62
same lot. 12.0-23.0 E581
11.1.4 If the result of any test fails to conform to the Nickel (Ni) 0.0-5.0 E478; Photometric
specified requirements, two retests shall be performed. If either (incl Cobalt (Co))

retest fails to meet the specified requirements, the lot shall be

rejected. Phosphorus (P) 0.01-1.0 E62
11.1.5 Should any of the properties be less than that Silicon (Si) 0.005-5.50 E54;
Perchloric Acid
specified and there is a discontinuity in the cross-sectional area Dehydration
of the fracture, the specimen may be discarded and replaced by Sulfur (S) 0.05-0.08 E76: Direct
Combustion
another of the same lot. Tin (Sn) 0.01-1.0 E478; Photometric
11.2 Retests: 0.50-20.0 E478; Titrimetric
11.2.1 When requested by the manufacturer, a retest shall be Zinc (Zn) 0.02-2.0 E478; Atomic
2.0-40.0 Absorption
permitted when test results obtained by the purchaser fail to E478; Titrimetric
conform to the casting specification requirements.
11.2.2 Retesting shall be as prescribed in the casting speci-
fication for the initial test, except the number of test specimens
shall be twice that normally required for the test. Test results 13.1.3 The determination of magnesium, niobium, zirco-
for all specimens shall comply with the casting specification nium, and titanium, for which no recognized test method is
requirements. Failure to comply shall be cause for rejection. known to be published, shall be subject to agreement between
11.2.3 Chemical Analysis—If one or more of the elements the manufacturer and the purchaser.
with specified limits fail to meet the compositional requirement 13.1.4 Analytical methods for elements with ranges beyond
of the product specification when determined from the sample those given in Table 1 shall be subject to agreement between
prepared in accordance with Practice E255, one retest cycle the manufacturer and the purchaser.
shall be permitted with a second composite sample prepared in
13.1.5 Analytical methods for the determination of elements
accordance with Practice E255.
required by the purchase order agreement shall be as agreed
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upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

12. Specimen Preparation
13.2 Mechanical Properties:
12.1 The specimen for chemical analysis shall be taken
13.2.1 Tension testing shall be performed in accordance
from the lot in such a manner as to avoid contamination and be
with Test Methods E8/E8M.
representative of the molten metal. Sample preparation shall be
in accordance with Practice E255. Analytical specimen prepa-
14. Significance of Numerical Limits
ration shall be the responsibility of the reporting laboratory.
12.2 Tension-test specimens shall be prepared in accordance 14.1 For the purpose of determining compliance with the
with Practice B208. specified limits for requirements of the properties listed in the
12.2.1 If any specimen is machined improperly or if flaws following table, an observed value or a calculated value shall
are revealed by machining or during testing, the specimen shall be rounded as indicated in accordance with the rounding
be discarded and replaced by another from the same lot. method of Practice E29.
Property Rounded Limit for Observed or
Calculated Value
13. Test Methods
13.1 Chemical Composition: Chemical Composition
nearest unit in the last right-hand
Hardness
13.1.1 The chemical analysis methods used for the routine Electrical Resistivity
significance digit used in expressing
the limiting value
determination of specification compliance and preparation of Electrical Conductivity
test reports shall be at the discretion of the laboratory perform-
Tensile Strength
ing the analysis. Yield Strength
nearest ksi (5 MPa)
13.1.2 In case of disagreement on chemical composition,
referee analytical methods for copper alloys other than copper- Elongation nearest 1 %

beryllium alloys (Specification B770) are given in Table 1. Grain Size:

Referee analytical methods for copper-beryllium alloys are Under 0.060 mm nearest multiple of 0.005 mm
given in the Annex of Specification B194. 0.060 mm and over nearest 0.01 mm

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 B824 – 11
15. Inspection inspected in accordance with the material specification and that
15.1 The manufacturer shall inspect and make tests neces- the requirements have been met.
sary to verify that the product furnished conforms to the 18. Test Report
specified requirements.
15.2 The purchaser may have a representative inspect or 18.1 When specified in the purchase order, the manufacturer
witness the inspection and testing of the material prior to or supplier shall furnish to the purchaser a manufacturer’s test
shipment. Such an arrangement shall be made by the purchaser report showing the results of the required tests, including
and the manufacturer as part of the purchase order. When such chemical analysis.
inspection or witness of inspection and testing is agreed upon, 19. Product Marking
the manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s representative all
19.1 Castings shall be marked as shown on the drawing or
reasonable facilities necessary to confirm that the product
as prescribed in the purchase order.
meets the requirements of the purchase order. The purchaser’s
19.2 When specified in the purchase order, the castings shall
inspection and tests shall be conducted in such a manner that
be marked with the manufacturer’s name or identifying mark
they will not interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s
and pattern number or mark at a location on the casting where
operation.
it will not be removed in machining to finished dimensions.
16. Rejection and Rehearing 19.3 The marking of lot identification numbers shall be
agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
16.1 Rejection: 19.4 Castings containing bismuth or bismuth-selenium ad-
16.1.1 Castings that fail to comply with the requirements of ditives shall be marked with the identification BI or B
the casting product specification, when tested by the purchaser, depending on available space. Castings containing silicon
may be rejected. additives shall be marked with the identification Si. This
16.1.2 Rejection shall be reported to the manufacturer marking shall be at a location on the casting so as not to affect
promptly and in writing.

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the usefulness of the casting and where it will not be removed
16.1.3 In case of disagreement or dissatisfaction with the during machining while concurrently enabling scrap castings to
results of the test upon which rejection was based, the be segregated and prevented from entering the unregulated
manufacturer or supplier may make claim for a rehearing. scrap metal stream.
16.2 Rehearing:
16.2.1 As a result of casting rejection, the manufacturer or 20. Packaging and Package Marking
supplier may make claim for retesting to be conducted by the 20.1 The material shall be separated by size, composition,
manufacturer or supplier and the purchaser. Samples of the and temper, and prepared for shipment in such a manner as to
rejected castings shall be taken in accordance with the casting ensure acceptance by common carrier for transportation.
specification and Practice E255 and tested by both parties in 20.2 Each shipping unit shall be legibly marked with the
accordance with the casting specification, or alternatively, upon purchase order number, metal or alloy designation, temper,
agreement between the manufacturer or supplier and the size, gross and net weight, and name of supplier. The specifi-
purchaser, an independent laboratory may be selected to cation number shall be shown, when specified in the purchase
perform the test prescribed in the casting specification. The order.
number of specimens to be retested shall be as given in 11.2.
21. Keywords
17. Certification 21.1 copper alloy castings; copper-base alloy castings; UNS
17.1 When specified in the purchase order, a manufacturer’s No. C94700; UNS No. C95300; UNS No. C95400; UNS No.
certificate of compliance shall be furnished to the purchaser C95410; UNS No. C95500; UNS No. C95520; UNS No.
stating that samples representing each lot have been tested and C96800

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

Supplementary requirements S1 to S4 shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, or order, for agencies of the U.S. government.

S1. Referenced Documents S1.1.2 Federal Standards:5

S1.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on date Fed. Std. No. 102 Preservation, Packaging, and Packaging
of material purchase form a part of this specification to the Levels
extent referenced herein:
S1.1.1 ASTM Standard: 5
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,
B900 Practice for Packaging of Copper and Copper Alloy Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http://
Mill Products for U.S. Government Agencies www.dodssp.daps.mil.

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 B824 – 11
Fed. Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) S3. Identification Marking
Fed. Std. No. 185 Identification Marking of Copper and S3.1 All material shall be properly marked for identification
Copper-Base Alloy Mill Products in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 185 except that the ASTM
S1.1.3 Military Standard:5 specification and the alloy number shall be used.
MIL-STD-129 Marking for Shipment and Storage S4. Preparation for Delivery
S1.1.4 Military Specification:5 S4.1 Preservation, Packaging, Packing:
S4.1.1 Military Agencies—The material shall be separated
S2. Quality Assurance by size, composition, grade, or class and shall be preserved and
packaged, Level A or C, packed Level A, B or C, as specified
S2.1 Responsibility for Inspection:
in the contract or purchase order, in accordance with the
S2.1.1 Unless otherwise specified in the contract or pur- requirements of Practice B900.
chase order, the manufacturer is responsible for the perfor- S4.1.2 Civil Agencies—The requirements of Fed. Std. No.
mance of all inspection and test requirements specified. Except 102 shall be referenced for definitions of the various levels of
as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the packaging protection.
manufacturer may use his own or any other suitable facilities S4.2 Marking:
for the performance of the inspection and test requirements S4.2.1 Military Agencies—In addition to any special mark-
unless disapproved by the purchaser at the time the order is ing required by the contract or purchase order, marking for
placed. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any of the shipment shall be in accordance with MIL-STD-129.
inspections or tests set forth when such inspections and tests S4.2.2 Civil Agencies—In addition to any special marking
are deemed necessary to ensure that the material conforms to required by the contract or purchase order, marking for
prescribed requirements. shipment shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123.

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF COPPER ALLOY CASTINGS

X1.1 The mechanical properties of copper alloy castings influenced by the presence of cores, chills, and chaplets;
are influenced by the cooling rate during and after solidifica- changes in section thickness; and the existence of bosses,
tion, by chemical composition, by heat treatment, by the design projections, and intersections, such as junctions of ribs and
and nature of the mold, by the location and effectiveness of bosses. Because of the interactions of these factors, no precise
gates and risers, and by certain other factors. quantitative relationship can be stated between the properties
of the metal in various locations of the same casting or between
X1.2 The cooling rate in the mold and, therefore, the the properties of a casting and those of a separately cast test
properties developed in any particular casting section are bar.

X2. METRIC EQUIVALENTS

X2.1 The SI unit for strength properties now shown is in stress is the newton per square metre (N/m2), which has been
accordance with the International System of Units (SI). The named the pascal (Pa) by the General Conference on Weights
derived SI unit for force is the newton (N), which is defined as and Measures. Since 1 ksi = 6 894 757 Pa, the metric equiva-
that force which, when applied to a body having a mass of one lents are expressed as megapascal (MPa), which is the same as
kilogram, gives it an acceleration of one metre per second MN/m2 and N/mm2.
squared (N = kg·m/s2). The derived SI unit for pressure or
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 B824 – 11
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee B05 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (B824 – 09)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved April 1, 2011.)

(1) Updated Section 3. (2) Sections 10 and 13, and Table 1 editorially corrected

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
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of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

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