PREPOSITIONS Prepositions of Time Other Prepositions Showing Time Prepositions of Place PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT Noun + Proposition Preposition + Noun Adjective + Preposition Verb + Proposition Extra Notes on Prepositions By /Unti Above / Over Below / Beneath / Under / Underneath In into Outof / Outside Through / Throughout with within Different Uses of Some Prepositions TESTS GRAMMAR (TESTS 1-4) ‘CLOZE TEST SENTENCE COMPLETION PARAPHRASING REVISION TEST (UNITS 1-12) PREPOSITIONS 10 12 “ 16 16 7 7 7 7 w 17 18 24 29 32. 34 37PREPOSITIONS PREPOSITIONS prepositions of time in , at, on, during, for, since prepositions of place and movement _ in, on, into, along, between, up, down, in front of... noun + preposition ‘a check for, the cause of, a rise in... preposition + noun by mistake , in love, on fire ... adjective + preposition sorty for, good at, satisfied with, aware of ... verb + preposition believe in, hear from, hope for, suffer from ... verb + object + preposition acouse sb. of, blame sb. for, compare sth. to ... prepositional phrases instead of, in case of, on behalf of ... Prepositions of Time | — AT IN oN month, years, centuries precise time fanclianaliseriods days and dates at 5 o'clock in the morning on Friday at 08:30 am in the evening on Sundays at noon in the afternoon on Thursday evening at night in April on weekdays at dinner time in 1984 on my wedding day at bedtime in the 1980s, inthe fifties on 25 Dec. 2010 at the weekend in the summer on 6 March. at Christmas/Easter in the Ice Age on Christmas Day at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day at sunset in the past on my birthday at the moment in the future on New Year's Eve at the same time in afew days on the first day of school at the beginning/end of the ren ear onary in a couple of months at present in ten minutes at the age of 14..Exercise 1 Fill in the blanks with in, on, at. 1, The festival is expected to start early the afternoon 2. haven't been able to have lunch noon these days. 3. We first met each other a rainy spring day. 4, The meeting is to begin two o'clock. 5. There aren't many things to do here winter 6. We visit all our elder relatives Ramadan and the Festival of the Sacrifice. 7. Schools open again September after a two-month holiday. 8. As far as | know, his birthday is, January 7 9. We sat off dawn because it would be a long and tiring walk. 10. We do not have any exams present, but they will start next month. Other Preposi after before around between from ... to by during for since until All within throughout from now on/ from today on / from this month on... past/to Ins Showing Time We were offered a dolicious dessert after the dinner. The restoration of the historical theatre building has been completed before the scheduled time. Scotland's first inhabitants came from the European mainland around 4,000 BCE. We have lunch between 12pm and 1 pm. The office hours are from 9 am to 5 pm every working day. We will have taken the last maths exam by June 1. During the journey, we took a few breaks. She has been studying for the exam for six hours now. The road repairs have been going on since last Saturday. We won't see each other again until /tll nex! May. The construction is expected to be finished within two years. People meet thousands of people throughout their lives. Mr Parker is going to teach us maths from new on. * Its already half past 1, and we have only finished a third of the job. * I want you to be back by quarter to three.Exercise 2 Circle the correct choice. 1. We hadn't seen each other a) for {for b) for/ since 2. Shakespeare moved from Strat a) during b) with 3. Miray has made a lot of friends Student Exchange Programme. a) past b) within 4. Call me during working hours; a) during/by —_b) by//for 5. Somebody's phone rang several times a) on b) for 6. Doctors say mum will have recovered from the operation a) within b) past 7. Do not move from this place a) since b) after such a long time that we talked ) since / for {lord to London ) around 1590. the whole night. ) since / since d) for her stay in Poland, where she went with the Erasmus ) throughout 8am ¢) around c) since you are told to do so, ) until 5pm. c) before / after the movie. ¢) til d) from/to ) during a couple of days d) by 4) throughout 8. The police do not allow for any music organizations to go on when it is midnight. a) till b) past ©) to ) in 9. Muslims fast sunrise and sunset in the month of Ramadan. a) from b) after ) within ) between 10. You are to be in bed 10 pm from now on. a) before b) past ) during 4) since Prepositions of Place }— AT IN oN at the bus stop in istanbul/Paris, on the table/floor at the cinemaltheatre at school/work/university at the door at the end of the street at the station/airport atthe seaside at the end of a road at the back of a queue at the top of the stairs at the top of the page at 52 Main Street in town in a room/building/ park in the country in hospital/prison inbed ina taxi/car in the sea /in a river in the picture/photo in a book/newspaper in the sky in the middle in the frontiback of a car in a row/line/queue in the rain/sun ‘on the fitst/second floor on the wall on the bus/train/plane on a horse/bike on the island on the beach on the coast on the farm on the back of an envelope on the screen on the platform on the left/right on your left/right on the way on page 9PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE The cat is infinside the box. The cat is on the box. The cat is under the box. as The cat is in front of the box. The cat is behind the box. The cat is between the boxes. 1E The cat is near/close to the box. The cat is next to/beside the box. The cat is over the box. a The cat is below the box. The cat is among the boxes. The cals are around the box. comuanzone w peace 12 [Ella| PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE |} > The dog is at the end of The ladder is leaning against The coffee table is in the the corridor. the bookcase. middle of the room. The lamp is above the table. He is from Scotland. The captain is aboard the ship. S The marble is at the bottom of The attaché case is on top of The young lady is outside the the bottle. the cupboard. shop. a The mosque is opposite the The driver is siting in the The boy is sitting at the back of tennis court. front of the bus. the bus. The old man is sitting by his The truck is on/at the corner The man is at the top of the wife. of the street. ‘mountain, BEY rrivncce 12 w cesar zone——| PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT |— ‘ The boy is climbing up the The children are walking across stairs, stairs, the bridge The boy with the bicycle is The baby boy is walking 4 towards his dad. The cat is umping Into the Dox waiking along the path. The cat is getting out of the The boy has just got off the ee eae carrier. ‘schoo! bus. am —= es Sy The burgfar is running away The passengers are walking The cat is going past the from the police. through the security check. wooden Box. The plane is flying over the city.Exercise 3 Fill in the blanks with the prepositions in the box. Use each one only once. under nextto —sintthefrontof-—closeto. += among_—_—inside opposite infrontof behind = around = between over 1. She didn’t notice that the burglar was hiding the kitchen door, 2. Don't come too me because | might infect you too. 3. He didn’t open the door immediately and made me wait the door for ten minutes. 4. Having searched everywhere for it, | found my bag the bed. 5. We promised that it would be a big secret, the two of us. 6. The children were singing happily the campfire 7. The plane was flying ‘a mountainous area when one of its engines failed. 8. They want to sit each other during the lessons. 9. She didn’t want to talk to me about it so many people. 10. We used to press flowers ‘a book and keep them there. 11. Our house was the supermarket, which was very convenient. 12,When | was a child, | used to like sitting the car. Exercise 4 Fill in the blanks with the prepositions in the box. Use each one only once. across past awayfrom down outof through into along towards off 1. During the bizarre festival, they roll wheels of cheese a steep hill, and people run after them. 2. You need to go ‘narrow passage to reach this secret chamber in the pyramid, 3. We must have driven their house, but we didn’t see it. 4, There are monuments of sixteen great leaders the road, 5. My dog began to run me when it saw me. 6. Asit had frozen, the water wouldn't come the bottle. 7. Ifyou want to get the bus, you have to push this button. 8. The more | try to approach him, the more he tries to run me. 9. The robbers got quickly their car and drove away 10. The cat was run over when it was running the street.Noun + Preposition }— a rise/an increase in something a decrease/a fall in something interest in difficulty (in) doing something experience in confidence in interference in participation in skillalent in expert in beliefffaith in OF lack of proof of example of cause of intention of shortage of advantage/disadvantage of FOR reason for responsibility for search for admiration for compensation for permission for remedy for room for demand for sympathy for TO marriage to access to commitment to attitude to/towards indifference to reaction/response to invitation to solution/answer/key to oN congratulations on effect/influence/impact on/upon dependence/reliance on/upon expert on concentration on decision on consensus on WITH difficulty with something familiarity with contact/relationship/connection with agreement with FROM derivation from escape from protection from difference from separation from distance from alienation from OVER dispute over controversy over AGAINST protection against discrimination against Prejudice against revolt against fight against struggle against ABOUT discussion about opinion about fuss about excitement about quarrel aboutExercise 5 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions. There is no room Authorities granted us access Will you stop making such a fuss ey Peps ‘The cause 6. The cell wall provides protection 7. Somebody must have aided him in his escape 8. She showed exceptional talent 9. The two countries haven't been able to settle the disputes 10. The French Revolution had a great impact Preposition + Noun |} — on holiday/business/a journey/a trip/tour on television ‘on the radio/phone/Internet on purpose ‘on the whole on the way on fire on strike onalert ona diet by sight by name by means of by mistake by chance by accident When | started working here, | had no familiarity any more armchairs here, the area. a trivial issue? these machines. his diseases is the stressful working environment. Viruses. the prison painting early on. several issues yet. societies around the world. ON on the market on the point of /on the verge off on the brink of on good terms with, on the basis of on average on the increase /on the decrease on page 50 on impulse on behalf of on demand (on request) BY by check / by credit card by heart by all means by virtue of by train by the timein cash in writing /in pen /in ink / in pencil in my opinion in the way in general in advance in order in silence in pain ina hurry in dangeritrouble in short in debt in common in charge of in favour of in self-defence in vain blocking the way) in one respect / in some respects in captivity in progress in public FOR for sale for the sake of for some reasons for the benefit of for the purpose of for instance for a change for the time being for a while for want of DURING during the journey during the winter uP up to date WITH with the advent of with the help of with the exception of OF of the opinion of value of importance OUT OF out of date out of order out of balance To to my surprise to your knowledge IN ina state /in a mood in demand (= needed) in a suit/raincoat/shirt/skirvhat in the rain /in the snow in a loud voice in harmony with in accordance with in agreement with in between in shift in comparison tohwith in need of in compliance with in return for in honor of in proportion to in pursuit of in relation to in search of in the course of in terms of WITHIN within reach of within a month within two kilometres within sight FROM from my point of view from time to time from experience UNDER under the circumstances under these conditions under control under construction under pressure under guarantee under the influence of under age under the impression under obligation under suspicion WITHOUT without fail without delay without warning without doubt without exception without notice AT at risk at stake at loss at the corner at times at length at the age of at any rate at the end ofExercise 6 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions. 1. Fuel prices are 2. We have put the whole nature 3. I want all of you to be present here 4, It seems to me that our efforts are all 5. There wasn't anything 6. This painting is not 7. I would like to make the payment 8. We need to talk it over 9. The information we have on this issue is not 10. The fire is now Adjective + Prepo To kind/generous/rude/polite to somebody peculiar to susceptible to equal to subject to sensitive to identical to inferior/superior to indifferent to restricted to relevant to grateful to somebody for something immune to prior to prone to limited to loyal to married/engaged to somebody beneficial to opposed to dedicated to accustomed to detrimental to the increase again owing to the global crisis. balance with our greed. fail vain. Nothing has improved so far. value in the box. sale. | am attached to it for a number of reasons. credit card if you don't mind length to be able to come up with a solution. to date. control, It will be put out very soon. OF kind/generous/rude of somebody afraid of frightened of proud of ashamed of jealous of envious of suspicious of tired of fond of short of full of ignorant of independent of free of ‘conscious of capable of sure of certain of, typical of critical of deprived of aware ofAT angry at somebody for doing something good at / bad at disappointed at something pleased at something shocked at surprised at hopeless at delighted at lucky at WITH angry with somebody bored with / fed up with disappointed with somebody pleased with wrong with familiar with / acquainted with busy with covered with honest with content with identical with crowded with impressed with popular with ill with associated with compatible with satisfied with upset with FOR anxious for sorry for famous for notorious for eligible for responsible for eager for noted for zealous for fit for late for good/bad for suitable for ABOUT anxious about angry about worried about concerned about upset about excited about pleased about sorry about something enthusiastic about ignorant about certain about sure about curious about disappointed about confused about IN FROM covered in different from rich in absent from involved in free from engaged in tired from. interested in separate from deficient in far from different in dressed in BY lacking in frightened by shocked by On surprised by based on covered by keen on impressed by dependentreliant | fascinated by on/upon AGAINST prejudiced against biased againstExercise 7 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions. 1. She is not accustomed ...mth living by these low standards. 2. How can |help you when | am busy .witt 3. Humans are prone ..!°. 4, He had been absent Jsam...... School for the past two months. 5. He is not so enthusiastic .. about the project anymore. omega 3. 7. | didn’t know you are so bad ....at driving 8. She is Keen ......28 growing her own vegetables in her garden. 9. People are biased ...agsinis. 6. Fish are known to be rich ...-in this much work myself? making mistakes. It's a natural way of learning new ideas, which slows down progress. 10. Students from other schools are not eligible ....' membership of our club. Verb + Preposition }— ON blame something on somebody insist on agree on something concentrate/focus on elaborate on operate on congratulate somebody on something ‘comment on depend on/upon plan on doing something rely on spend on impose on. OF accuse somebody of something inform somebody of dispose of consist of approve of remind somebody of something die of think of ‘complain of (an illness, pain...) hear of dream of relieve somebody of something blame somebody for something ask somebody for something head for somewhere die for (my country, beg for something search for (look for) FOR long for account for provide something for somebody compensate for pay for something care for (= look after, like/ fond of)WITH IN charge somebody with something coincide with enroll in agree with a person/opinion collaborate with believe in collide with speak with interfere in argue with somebody about something quarrel with invest in identify with combine with participate in fight/struggle with provide somebody with something persist in infect with comply with result in equip somebody with something share something with somebody take part in interact with threaten somebody with something succeed in interfere with sympathize with specialize in To FROM apply to somebody for something listen to emerge from agree to a suggestion lead to exclude from apologize to somebody for something happen to derive from ask somebody to somewhere (invite to a place) referto belong to point to appeal to resort to complain to somebody about something adjust to explain something to somebody confine to attribute something to something submit to attach to subscribe to ABOUT dream about agree about something ask somebody about something care about think about remind somebody about something hear about warn somebody about something inform somebody about something INTO AT enter into (an agreement) hint at crash into laugh/smile at force somebody into something | stare at divide into shout at inject into. point something at translate into throw at transform into aim at BETWEEN differentiate between distinguish between deter somebody from something hinder from die from ban somebody from something inferfconclude from benefit from recover from prevent from protect from prohibit from result from suffer from refrain from abstain from release from hear from. resign from retire from deduct from deduce from depart from AGAINST insure against protect against rebel against compete against warn somebody against somethingExercise 8 Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions. 1. I dreamt... you last night. 2. Don't forget to attach this file 1. the email 3. Except for Sally, everybody congratulated me ...on my promotion. 4, After several attempts, | succeeded ....in starting the car's engine, 5. China accounts ...1% most of the digital products on the market 6. You have no right to accuse anybody ..at the failure without having any evidence. 7. New data hints ..# a possible rise in solar activity in the next couple of years. 8. We need to translate this document ....1a English, 9. You can interact .. wtb the software using the touch screen. 10.We haven't heard . ot. you for along time, Extra Notes on Prepo: P Kimi ilgecler, ayn zamanda baglag gérevi gériir. yecin ardindan ciimlecik (clause) geliyorsa baglag olarak gérev yapar; isim ciimlecigi (noun phrase) geliyorsa ilgeg olarak kaltr. Agagidaki Srnekleri inceleyiniz. After they stopped over for a short break, they continued with the journey. (baglag) After a short break, they continued with the journey. (iige¢) We had a cup of coffee together before we parted. (bagiac) We had a cup of coffee together before parting. (iige¢) P Kimi ilgecler, zarf kelime sinifina aittir. ‘About, across, around, before, beyond, in, inside, near, opposite, outside, past, round, through, under, up, within’ bu ilgecler arasindadir. Asagidaki érnekleri inceleyi + As it was hot, we had most our classes outside the school. (ilgeg) + You are not allowed to go outside until you finish your homework. (zarf) + There was a woollen shaw! around her neck. (iigeg) + Itwas only 7 pm, but there was nobody around in the street. (zarf) igeclerin hem somut hem soyut anlamlari vardir. Agagidaki drnekler knew that he was actually hiding behind the door. (somut anlam) We all wondered what was behind his change of interest. (soyut aniam) There must be a gas station beyond that hill. (somut anlam) A\l these formulas and calculations are beyond me. (soyut aniam) D> Kimi ilgegler ilk bakigta benzer gibi gériinse de aralarinda énemli anlamsal farklar vardir. Agagidaki Srnekleri anlamsal farklilikiar agisindan inceleyiniz. By / Until + The preparations will have been finished by Friday. (Cumaya kadar tamamlanmig olacak.) + The preparations will go on until Friday. (Cumaya kadar sirecek.) + Lwon't be available until Friday. (Cumaya kadar musait olmayacagim.)Above / Over + There were hundreds of lamps over us. (Uzerimizde ytizlerce lamba vardh.) * I noticed a horseshoe right above the door. (Kapinin hemen Uzerinde bir at nal fark ettim.) + The temperatures here never rise above the freezing point, (Burada sicaklikiar donma noktasinin Uzerine asla gikmaz.) Below / Beneath / Under / Underneath ‘Underneath’ ve ‘beneath’, ‘under’ ilgeciyle benzer anlam tagisa da genellikle gizlilik ifade eder. + She had no idea thet there was a snake underneath the blanket. (Battaniyenin altinda bir yilan bulundugundan haberi yoktu.) + Many different life forms exist beneath the oceans. (Okyanusianin altinda ... ) + Temperatures rarely drop below zero. (Sicakiklar nadiren sifirinaltina duger.) Birbirine dokunan iki sey igin “under” kullanthr + He wasn't wearing anything under his shirt In / Into * The car is In the garage now. (Garajin iginde.) + The car went into the garage ten minutes ago. (Garajin igine girdi.) Out of / Outside * Could you please put those bags outside the house? (Evin hemen digina -yakin.) + Mr Biggs will be out of town tomorrow. (Sehir diginda -uzak ya da yakin.) Through / Throughout + It takes @ few minutes to go through the tunnel. (Dosdogiru iginden gegmek.) + The sightseeing bus takes tourists everywhere throughout the city. (Sehrin her yerine.) + | found your address through a mutual friend. (Ortak bir arkadas vasitasiyla.) With / Within + Your order will be delivered within three days. (Ug gun iginde.) * It's a sedan with a two-litre diesel engine. (|ki litrelik dizel motorlu bir sedan araba.) Exercise 9 Circle the correct choice. 1. The application will be processed until /(within)/ by three days. 2. We won't be able to meet again within / by /Gntil hext Saturday, 3. The genie came off /;6ut of / outside the magic lamp. 4, Ifwe could ty through ata J over a black hole, we would end up in the past when we come out of the other end. 5. Irene must be studying somewherelin)/ within / into the library because she has an exam tomorrow. 6. | am sure he is hiding a gun below / through / béneath his coat 7. We won't start eatin | within your brother comes. 8. The temperature is(below under / underneath zero at the momentDifferent Uses of Some Prepositions | — Olaylarla birlikte; Sicaklklan, fiyatian, hizlan vs. anlatmak igin; Genel olarak bir seyin seviyesi ya da hiz ile ilgili geyleri anlatmak dzere; Bir duygunun ya da tepkinin belirli nedenini fade etmek igin; Bir kap, yer ya da alanin igine dogru yapilan hareketi ifade etmek igin Bir seyin, bir baska geyin pargasi oldugunu ifade etmek igin: Birinin bir sey giydigini itade etmek igin: Nesnelerin nasil dazenlendigini, ifade edildigini ya da yazildigini ifade etmek igin; Bir seyin yOzeyi kazara vocudun bir pargasina degdiginde ya da garptginda; Bir kimsenin vicudunu bir uzvu Gzerinde dengede tultugunu ifade etmek igin; Bir seyin bir listede oldugunu ifade etmek igin; Bir geye iligkin, bir geyle ilgili olarak; Bir seyin basanimasina yonelik; AT I met Simon at a party last year. My phone remained off at the party. Itis very hard to breathe at this altitude. The plane is travelling at 900 km per hour. You will be able to walk next month if your health improves at this pace. We were shocked at his sudden resignation. Nobody laughed at his joke. IN Can you please put the plates back in the cupboard? The people in this picture are some relatives of mine. There were men in black standing near a black car. The letter was written in pencil ON Stop playing with that knife. You will cut your hand on it. How long can you stand on your hands? J can't find your name on this list, sir. TOWARDS He has no sensitivity towards the feelings of others. She is working hard towards achieving her goal.AGAINST Bir geye dedecek gekilde; Don't lean against that fence. It is not strong enough. Bir geye kargi miicadele; We were rowing against the current. Bir geyin beklentisi sonucu, bir eatanemicclorak We insure properties against many risks. BY Bir seyin kapsamy,ne kader The bullet missed me by an inch. oldugu: Bir seye gore; Why aren't you playing the game by the rules? Oleumierde; The living room measures 5 metres by 6 metres. TO Ulagabildigi yere kadar; Race me to the end of this road! Verilen bir duruma dogru; We are trying to help young people to a better future. Temas halinde, dayanirhalde; 908 pressed her hands to her ears so that she wouldn't hear anything. Iigil olarak; 1 am still waiting for an answer to my question. Uygun ya da tamamlayici Can you dance to this rhythm? olarak; Kargilagtirma igin; Don't fee! inferior to anyone else! OFF Aynimak, uzaga gitmek; He ran off as soon as he heard the fire alarm. Iste, gdrevde vb. olmamak; need to take a few days off from work. Bir geyin, biryerin uzaginda ye pitched our tent 50 metres off the beach. olmak; Bir geyi (ilag vb.) almay! ya lam off all the medicine prescribed for me. da bir geyi / birini sevmeyi birakmak; He has gone off playing that video game.Exercise 10 Circle the correct choice. 1. You had better stop behaving as if you were superior us. a) of b) on ¢) from ) te 2. He looked incredibly ridiculous that purple suit, a b) in ©) within d) to 3. The team we were competing turned out to be very strong, *@ against b) to ¢) for d) on 4. We have discussed all the items the agenda. a) with b) trom Gon d) in 5. He became a professor the age of 27. at b) of ©) in d) on 6. We might as well stop if you don't play the game its rules. a) through ©) for 9) to 7. There are some problems with his attitude lite, a) in b) of ©) at (oad 8. Ripe fruit come the tree by themselves. a) out b) to ©) off @ from Exercise 11 Fill in the blanks with the prepositions in the box. for over on at_— since. = in. Ss at’_—s as._—swith for for in with at of _— by ) The Test of English * a Foreign Language, or TOEFL, is a test which measures People's English language skills to see if they are good enough to take a course *...2 a university ®..in English-speaking countries. It has been used . since... 1964. Itis §..d®f. sue People Whose native language is not English but wish to study abroad. It measures how well a person is ®t... using the four basic skills required 7... academic tasks This test is accepted * more than 10,000 institutions all ® the world. The format of the TOEFL has been changed three times. The first one is the PBT (the paper-based hic a perfect score being 677. This format is still offered "at some centres where computers are not available. The second format is the CBT (the computer-based TOEFL). People are each provided "win ‘a computer to take the test. A writing section's added here in addition to the three sections. TOEFL). It tests listening, reading and grammar skills *. The level ®....9f........listening and grammar skills are automatically changed depending on... person’s English level. Finally, the third is the IBT, the Internet-based test, which has been *. i use "*...0F..... more than 15 years.