Environmental protection

Environmental protection is the practice of protecting the natural environment by

individuals, organizations and governments. Its objectives are to conserve natural
resources and the existing natural environment and, where possible, to repair damage
and reverse trends.
 Environmental Management  refers to the management of modern human society with,
and its impact on, the environment. Because natural resources are finite and limited,
they can only support a certain population within any species. • Environmental
management means different things to different people.
Environmental management is the process by which environmental health is regulated.
It does not involve managing the environment itself, but it is the process of taking steps
and behaviors to have a positive effect on the environment. To reduce the risk of these
environmental impacts’ occurrence, we clearly set objectives and targets such as:
Protection of Land Conservation of Water; Protection of Forests; Animals in Our
Environment; Our Climate.
Characteristics of environmental management 
It deals with world affected by humans; It supports sustainable development  It
demands a multidisciplinary approach;  It has to integrate different development view
points;  It seeks to integrate natural & social science, policy making & planning.
Concept of Environmental Management is an attempt to control human impact on and
interaction with the environment in order to preserve natural resources. Environmental
management focuses  on the improvement of human welfare for present and future
generations. Administrative  functions that develop, implement, and monitor the
environmental policy of an organization.   Environment management implies not only a
mere management of environment but it is  essentially the management of various
activities with intolerable constraints imposed by the  environment itself and with full
consideration of ecological factors. Thus it involves  environmental planning,
conservation of resources, environmental status evaluation and  environmental
legislation and administration.
Significance of Environmental Management is an approach which integrates Ecology,
Policy  making, Planning and Social development. Its main objectives are as follows: 
 To prevent and solve environmental problems.  To establish limits  To develop
research institutions and monitoring systems.  To warn threats and identify
opportunities.  To suggest measures for resource conservation.   To develop a strategy
for the improvement of quality.  To suggest long-term and short-term policies for
sustainable development. 
ACER 1
To identify new technology for future development
Topic 2
SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL
LAWS
THE SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENT
1. Everything is connected to everything else. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay
magkakaugnay.) Human interaction with nature oftentimes alters the ecosystems. The
waste we improperly dispose of brings about the deterioration of land and water quality.
This may in turn reduce their capacity to provide life for other organisms. Deforestation
causes soil erosion and the earth deposited on the water bodies covers the coral reefs
resulting to fishery loss. Suspended particulates  from vehicular and stationary sources
may cause lung problems among city residents. War causes destruction of wildlife  and
habitats. There is a cause and effect chain, even when it is neither always visible nor
observable.
2. All forms of life are important. (Ang lahat na may buhay ay mahalaga.) All living
organisms were created for a purpose in relation to humans, other species on earth and
global ecosystem in general. Thus, when a species becomes extinct, it is like removing
a piece of a jigsaw puzzle from the web of life. The variety of life forms, manifested by
the different levels of biological diversity – community, species and genes – contributes
to the stability of the environment. Food webs, food chains and ecological relationships
link plants and animals together in the web of life. Even bacteria, insects, snakes and
rats have ecological functions even though humans perceive them as parasites or
pests.
The composition of biological diversity naturally changes slowly but the rate of transition
has become faster due to factors such as habitat destruction. Deforestation may
diminish forest species such as birds that are vulnerable to modification of their home.
Pollution of waters reduces the quantity of fishes, shells, algae and other aquatic life.
Over harvesting of natural products likewise contributes to the unsustainable use of
food and material resources.
To maintain ecological balance, therefore, the conservation of genes, species and
ecosystems becomes essential to keep life together. Biodiversity conservation
strategies commence with the protection of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
Land uses, such as protected  areas, ensure that  the natural state of these habitats 
continue  to exist in designated areas. Community-based approaches in conservation
maximize  citizens’ participation in protected areas. Integrity of natural ecosystems can
likewise be guarded through the preservation of indigenous species.
3. Everything must go somewhere. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay may patutunguhan.)
By-products of consumption go back to the environment. Everything that we throw away
– pieces of paper, left-over food, peelings of fruits, plastic wrappers, used containers –
have to go somewhere. Even plants and animals have their own wastes – feces, urine,
ACER 2
7. Everything changes. (Ang lahat ay nagbabago.) Changes in the biophysical world
occur naturally. As they say, there is nothing more permanent in this world than change.
Consider the following examples. Metamorphosis of caterpillars to butterflies illustrates
morphological changes that occur in living forms. The increase of vegetation on earth
augmented the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere through time. Seasons are cyclic
changes that contribute to the diversity of flowers, fruits, vegetables and other crops
during the year. Random changes manifested by natural catastrophe such as typhoons
destroy forests, coral reefs and mangroves. Volcanic eruptions annihilate surface flora
and submerge rivers.
IMPORTANT E
TH
TH THE SEVEN LAWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW
LAW DESCRIPTION
1. R. 9003 – Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
In partnership with stakeholders, the law aims to adopt a systematic, comprehensive
and ecological solid waste management program that shall ensure the protection of
public health and environment. The law ensures proper segregation,  collection, 
storage, treatment  and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adaptation
of best eco-waste products.
2. R. 9275 – Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004
The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based
sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and
community/household activities). It  provides  for  comprehensive and integrated
strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory
approach involving all the stakeholders. 3. R. 6969 – Toxic Substances, Hazardous
and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990
The law aims to protect the country's water bodies from pollution from land-based
sources (industries and commercial establishments, agriculture and
community/household activities). It  provides  for  comprehensive and integrated
strategy to prevent and minimize pollution through a multi-sectoral and participatory
approach involving all the stakeholders 4. R. 8435 – Agriculture and Fisheries
It establishes that the Department of Agriculture, together with other appropriate
ACER 4
Modernization Act of 1997
agencies, should take into account climate change, weather disturbances and annual
productivity cycles in forecasting and formulating appropriate agricultural and fisheries
programs.
5. R. 8749 – Clean Air Act of 1999
This moves for an effective air quality management program that will mitigate the
worsening problem of air pollution in the country.
6. R. 9512 – National Environmental Awareness and Education Act of 2008
This promotes national awareness on the role of natural resources in economic growth
and the importance of environmental conservation and ecological balance towards
sustained national development.
7. R. 9513 – Renewable Energy Act of 2008
It promotes the development, utilization and commercialization of renewable energy
resources.
ACER 5
And while photosynthesis, trees also absorb carbon dioxide from the air. This is one of
the main pollutants of air pollution. Hence forests also reduce air pollution.
Forests also prevent soil erosion and keep soil pollution in check. Deforestation, in fact, 
leads to soil erosion on a large scale since the topsoil comes loose.
Forests also play an important part in the water cycle and control moisture levels of our 
ecosystem.
And finally, forests are the natural home and habitat for millions of species  of animals,
birds, and insects.
Ways to Conserve the Forest
Controlled Deforestation
While deforestation cannot be avoided completely, we must look to control it. Young
and immature  trees should not be felled as far as possible. We must look to avoid
large-scale commercial  deforestation as well. Adapting practices such as clear-cutting
or selective cutting will be beneficial in the long run.
Protect against Forest Fires
Forest fires are the most common and deadly cause of loss of forests. They can start
due to natural  causes or can be accidents caused by man or even intentional in some
cases. Once a fire spreads in a forest it is very difficult to control. Precautions must be
taken for such incidents. Making fire lanes,  spreading chemicals to control fire, clearing
out dry leaves and trees etc.
WATER CONSEVATION
What is Water Conservation? Water conservation is a practice in which people,
companies, and governments attempt to reduce their water usage. Water is essential to
life on earth. We need water to grow food, keep clean,  provide power, control fire, and
last but not least, we need it to stay alive! If water is constantly  being cleaned and
recycled through the earth’s water cycle,  People use up our planet’s fresh water faster
than it can naturally be replenished.
Water Conservation

1. Take short showers and share bathwater. Showers use much less water. The
other choice is to fill a bucket with water and take a can or a jug, and keep filling
it with water from the bucket and pouring it over your head - if you have some
extra water

save it for some other person to use. You can lather yourself up with the water turned
off in the middle of the shower. 2. Pollute less. When washing dishes, wash greasy
pans last to keep the water clean. 3. Turn off taps properly. Especially when brushing
your teeth - every little bit helps. 4. Fix dripping taps. The constant drip wastes water,
energy and money, so repair them as soon as possible. You can also save by installing
an inexpensive "flow control" device in shower heads and faucets. 5. Use appliances
efficiently. Running the clothes washer with a full load and using cold water (30 degrees
Celsius) whenever possible can lead to big energy savings. Use detergents that clean
clothes effectively in colder water.
Learning Exercise 1.
Name :__________________________________ Course : __________ Time :
_______
Trainer : _________________________________ Date : __________ Score : _______

1. As a college student how can you protect or conserved forest?

2. Enumerate some simple ways on how you conserve water 

Topic 1
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Human  security,  in  its  broadest  sense, embraces far  more  than  the  absence  of 
violent
conflict. It encompasses human rights, good governance, access to education and
health care and
ensuring that each individual has opportunities and choices to fulfil his or her potential..
step in this direction is also a step towards reducing poverty, achieving economic
growth and
preventing conflict. Freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the freedom of future
generations to inherit a healthy natural environment – these are the interrelated building
blocks
of human – and therefore national – security. 
National Security  is defined as the state or condition wherein the values which a
nation
treasures such as territorial integrity, sovereignty, people’s way of life and well-being are
protected
and enhanced. It is the requirement to maintain the survival of the nation-state through
the use of
economic military and political power and the exercise of diplomacy
National Security is also defined as the state  or condition  wherein the values which a
nation treasures such as territorial integrity, sovereignty, people’s way of life and well-
being are protected and enhanced. It is the requirement to maintain the survival of the
nation-state through the use of economic military and political power and the exercise of
diplomacy. The measures taken to ensure national security include:
Using diplomacy to rally allies and isolate threats; Maintaining effective armed forces;
Implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures (including anti-
terrorism legislation); NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
10 | P a g e
Ensuring the resilience and security of critical infrastructure; and
Using intelligence services to detect and defeat or avoid threats and espionage, and to
protect classified information.
In the Philippine context as indicated by the NSC Permanent Secretariat, National
Security is described as  a condition or state of being where the Filipino people’s values,
way of life, institutions, welfare, and well-being, sovereignty and strategic relations are
protected and enhanced. The elements of National Security are the following:
Moral-spiritual consensus  Cultural cohesiveness  Economic solidarity  Socio-political
stability  Ecological balance  Territorial integrity  International harmony
Topic 2
THREE MAJOR PILLARS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
(National Security Policy 2017-2022, National Security Council)
1. Safeguarding the Philippine’s national Unity, its democracy and its social institutions
– All citizens share one national identity that is, being Filipinos regardless of their ethnic,
religious, cultural and ideological orientation. 2. Security of the State and preserving and
protecting its sovereignty, territorial integrity  and institutions – This is provided in the
Constitution as stated in the following:  Definition of national territory consistent with
new international covenants (Art. I)  Renunciation of war as an instrument of national
policy (Art. II Sec. 2)  Civilian supremacy over military (Art. II Sec. 3)  Role of the armed
forces as protector of the people and the State (Art. II Sec. 3)
Maintenance of peace and order, the protection of life, liberty and property and  the
promotion of the general welfare (Art. II Sec. 5)
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
11 | P a g e
Threats to the general peace may range from low-level civil disorder, large scale
violence, or
even an armed insurgency. Threats to internal security may be directed at either the
state's citizens, or the organs and infrastructure of the state itself,  and may range from
petty crime, serious organized crime, political or industrial unrest, or even domestic
terrorism.
Foreign powers may also act as a threat to internal security, by either committing or
sponsoring
terrorism or rebellion, without actually declaring war.
Governmental responsibility for internal security will generally rest with an interior
ministry, as
opposed to a defence ministry. Depending on the state, a state's internal security will be
maintained by either the ordinary police or more militarised security  forces (known
as Gendarmerie or, literally, the Internal Troops.). Other specialized internal security
agencies
may exist to augment these main forces, such as border guards, special police units, or
aspects of
the state's intelligence agencies. In some states, internal security may be the primary
responsibility of a secret police force.
The level of authorized force used by agencies and forces responsible for maintaining
internal
security might range from unarmed police to fully armed paramilitary organizations, or
employ
some level of less-lethal weaponry in between. For violent situations, internal  security
forces
may contain some element of military type equipment such as non-military armored
vehicles.
THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
National Security – is a state or condition where our most cherished values and beliefs
our democratic way of life, our institutions of governance and our unity, welfare and
well- being as a nation and people are permanently protected and continuously
enhanced.
There are seven (7) fundamental elements that lie at the core which therefore further
amplify our definition of national security. At the same time, they constitute the most
important challenges we face as a nation and people. 
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
13 | P a g e
1. Socio – political stability- We must achieve peace and harmony among all Filipinos,
regardless of creed, ethnic origin or social station. The government and the people must
engage in nation – building under the rule of law, constitutional democracy and the full
respect for human rights. 
2. Territorial integrity- we must ensure the permanent inviolability of our nation territory
and it’s effective control by the government and the state.
3. Economic solidarity and strength – we must vigorously pursue a free – market
economy through responsible entrepreneurship based on social conscience, respect for
the dignity of labor and concern for the public interest.
 4. Ecological balance – national survival rests upon the effective conservation of our
natural environmental in the face of industrial and agricultural expansion  and population
growth. 
5. cultural cohesiveness – our lives as a people must be ruled by a common set of
values and believe grounded on high moral and ethical standards, drawn from our
heritage  and  embodying  a  Filipino standard  identity transcending  religious,  ethic 
and linguistic differences.

6. Moral – spiritual consensus – we must be propelled by a national  vision inspired

and manifested in our words and deeds, by patriotism national pride and the
advancement of national goals and objective.

 
7. External peace – we must pursue constructive and cordial relations with all nations
and peoples, even as our nations itself must chart an independent course, free from
external control, interference or threat or aggression.
Internal Threats our national security environment is infused with four important
dimensions. Internal threats to our national security make up the first dimension.
A.. Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) – the MILF in constructive peace negotiation,
the armed activities of the group continue to be a source of  serious concern,
particularly the build-up its defensive and offensive capabilities. Hand in
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
14 | P a g e
A. The multi-lateral dispute over the Spratly Island, is a source of  intermittent tensions,
owing to the build-up structures, believed to be military –oriented, by some claimant
countries in the area.  B. The smuggling firearms and contraband, illegal migration and
occasional movement of foreign terrorists through the porous borders of our south
western frontier have elicited transnational concern. Philippine law enforcement
agencies work closely with international police organizations, bilaterally and
multilaterally, to check these activities.  C. The lingering effects of the currency crisis
affecting the countries within the Association  of  South East  Asian  Nations  ( ASEAN )
are  a  cause  of regional anxieties which tend to aggravate the political instabilities and
socio-economic dislocations involving the poorest people.  D. The serious economic
disparity between rich and poor nations keeps the world in a state of instability and
virtually on the brink or war in many places.  E. Ethnic, religious and cultural conflict
pervades many regions and nations including our own. It is constantly exacerbated by
mass poverty, limited access to resources, denial of human rights, lack of national
integration and international issues.
SECURITY
Natural Threats
a. Earthquakes b. Typhoons c. Floods d. Volcanic Eruptions e. Tsunamis
A New Kind of National Security
The 21st century is not the 20th century. Great power competition is a fact of life and
will
remain so, but the threats to American security come in a wider variety of forms than
they did a
century ago. To truly protect its citizens, its territory, and its economic might, the United
States
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
16 | P a g e
needs to be positioned to respond to this wider variety of threats. As the COVID-19
pandemic
unfolded, Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the Director General of the WHO,
articulated the
type of response plans that governments needed to implement. “These are plans that
start with
leadership from the top, coordinating every part of government, not just the health
ministry –
security,  diplomacy, finance, commerce,  transport, trade, information  and more  –  the
whole
government should be involved.”
Topic 4
THE ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY
THE ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY
10 Ways Youth Can Make an Impact, it provided the youth means to contribute to the
country’s national security. It emphasized that youth engagement can bring about social
change. It sends a message that the youth don’t have to wait to become  adults to be
significant and active members of the society.
1. Know your rights. Read up, get informed and practice your right!! The youth can
maximize their rights if they are well-informed. The existing rights are only of value to
the youth if they are understood, observed and used.
2. Learn about local issues. What are the concerns plaguing your community? How
are the concerns affecting you and your immediate environment? Knowing the problem
can lead to possible solutions and the youth’s role in the grand scheme of things.
3. Speak out. Don’t be afraid to speak your mind either online, through social media,
and offline, gatherings and meetings. Be assertive and express your interests.
Someone is bound to read or to listen to it. However, be responsible of what you aired
and support it with facts. Also, respect the views  of others regardless if it agrees or
disagrees with you.
4. Network . There is strength in numbers. Reach out to them and learn their  efforts
and initiatives. It could pave way to bigger things for you.
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
17 | P a g e
youth’s behavior towards involvement and participation in organizations and activities.
According to SWS, Filipinos are not joiners. Only one of eight Filipino youth are involved
in religious or recreational organizations and only one oft of ten youth organizations.
Furthermore, the Filipino youth was found to have unexpectedly high incidences  of
involvement in illegal activities such as illegal drug use, criminality, and illicit sex. Given
these disturbing facts about Filipino youth, will they have the ability to address the
various social ills of the country?
The Global Partnership for Youth Development, suggested that one way to overcome
the problems of the youth and to better equip them towards the development of the
society is through youth empowerment. Empowerment could be manifested through
greater opportunities for the youth. The Youth must be given opportunities to participate
in community life and capacity building. Their leadership needs to be harnessed?
Hence, opportunities such as the Sangguniang Kabataan, volunteer projects such as
Habitat for Humanity,  where youth volunteers build housing for the poor. Also the
National Youth Commissions Projects such as Green Brigade, National Youth
Parliament and the National Youth Summit or (Pambansang Ugong Ng Kabataan)
which I am an alumni, are examples of events that some Filipino youth participate in to
help solve the country'’ social problems.
According to the Filipino Youth Study survey conducted by the Global Filipino
Foundation in 2001, Media and technology are the other big things in their life. TV and
radio have the highest reach. Technology is still a function of class, but the Internet
Cafes mushrooming in our midst will democratize their availability to the youth.
Globalization  will happen faster in this generation as the world opens up though media
and technology. According to the youth, with the Internet,  they can learn about
anything. The Internet is a great tool for building youth empowerment. We can create
our own web pages to promote youth participation. Like my webpage:
kabataan.htmlplanet. Youth can develop international solidarity by participating in online
discussions, such as those held by taking it  global and YouthActionNet where I was
one of the featured youth leaders. We can use the Internet to connect with international
youth organizations such as Advocates for youth, International Student Activism
Alliance, and Global Youth Action Network.
Thus, the youth could inspire both hope and fear in the society. Fear in the form of
apathy, criminality, and immorality. Hope in the form of participation, concern  and
volunteerism. Solving the country’s social problems, then, is a challenge for the youth to
bring hope rather than fear into our society.
The youth have a crucial role to play in shaping the future of our county, have that there
is no doubt. They have proven that they can be powerful agents of change. 
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
19 | P a g e
 
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
20 | P a g e
Download
SaveShare
Module 4
Topic 1
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
Environmental protection
Environmentalprotectionisthepracticeofprotectingthenaturalenvironmentbyindividuals,
organizationsandgovernments.Itsobjectivesaretoconservenaturalresourcesandtheexistin
g
naturalenvironmentand,wherepossible,torepairdamageandreversetrends.
EnvironmentalManagement referstothemanagementofmodernhumansocietywith,andits
impact on, the environment. Because natural resources are finite and limited, they can
only
supportacertainpopulationwithinanyspecies.•Environmentalmanagementmeansdifferent
thingstodifferentpeople.
Environmentalmanagementistheprocessbywhichenvironmentalhealthisregulated.Itdoesn
ot
involvemanagingtheenvironmentitself,butitistheprocessoftakingstepsandbehaviorsto
haveapositiveeffectontheenvironment.Toreducetheriskoftheseenvironmentalimpacts’
occurrence,weclearlysetobjectivesandtargetssuchas: Protection of Land Conservation
of
Water; Protection of Forests; Animals in Our Environment; Our Climate.
Characteristicsofenvironmentalmanagement
Itdealswithworldaffectedbyhumans;
Itsupportssustainabledevelopment
Itdemandsamultidisciplinaryapproach;
Ithastointegratedifferentdevelopmentviewpoints;
Itseekstointegratenatural&socialscience,policymaking&planning.
ConceptofEnvironmentalManagementisanattempttocontrolhumanimpactonandinteractio
n
withtheenvironmentinordertopreservenaturalresources.Environmentalmanagementfocus
es
ontheimprovementofhumanwelfareforpresentandfuturegenerations.Administrative
functionsthatdevelop,implement,andmonitortheenvironmentalpolicyofanorganization.
Environmentmanagementimpliesnotonlyameremanagementofenvironmentbutitis
essentiallythemanagementofvariousactivitieswithintolerableconstraintsimposedbythe
environmentitselfandwithfullconsiderationofecologicalfactors.Thusitinvolves
environmentalplanning,conservationofresources,environmentalstatusevaluationand
environmentallegislationandadministration.
SignificanceofEnvironmentalManagementisanapproachwhichintegratesEcology,Policy
making,PlanningandSocialdevelopment.Itsmainobjectivesareasfollows:
Topreventandsolveenvironmentalproblems.
Toestablishlimits
Todevelopresearchinstitutionsandmonitoringsystems.
Towarnthreatsandidentifyopportunities.
Tosuggestmeasuresforresourceconservation.
Todevelopastrategyfortheimprovementofquality.
Tosuggestlong-termandshort-termpoliciesforsustainabledevelopment.
ACER 1
Module 4
Toidentifynewtechnologyforfuturedevelopment
Topic 2
SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND ENVIRONMENTAL
LAWS
THE SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENT
1. Everything is connected to everything else. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay magkakaugnay.)
Human interaction with nature oftentimes alters the ecosystems. The waste we
improperlydisposeofbringsaboutthedeteriorationoflandandwaterquality.Thismay
inturnreducetheircapacitytoprovidelifeforotherorganisms.Deforestationcausessoil
erosionandtheearthdepositedonthewaterbodiescoversthecoralreefsresultingto
fisheryloss.Suspended particulatesfromvehicularandstationarysourcesmaycause
lungproblemsamongcityresidents.Warcausesdestructionofwildlifeand habitats.
Thereisacauseandeffectchain,evenwhenitisneitheralwaysvisiblenorobservable.
2. All forms of life are important. (Ang lahat na may buhay ay mahalaga.)
Alllivingorganismswerecreatedforapurposeinrelationtohumans,otherspecieson
earthandglobalecosystemingeneral.Thus,whenaspeciesbecomesextinct,itislike
removingapieceofajigsawpuzzlefromtheweboflife.Thevarietyoflifeforms,
manifestedbythedifferentlevelsofbiologicaldiversity–community,speciesandgenes
–contributestothestabilityoftheenvironment.Foodwebs,foodchainsandecological
relationshipslinkplantsandanimalstogetherintheweboflife.Evenbacteria,insects,
snakesandratshaveecologicalfunctionseventhoughhumansperceivethemasparasites
orpests.
Thecompositionofbiologicaldiversitynaturallychangesslowlybuttherateoftransition
hasbecomefasterduetofactorssuchashabitatdestruction.Deforestationmaydiminish
forestspeciessuchasbirdsthatarevulnerabletomodificationoftheirhome.Pollutionof
watersreducesthequantityoffishes,shells,algaeandotheraquaticlife.Overharvesting
ofnaturalproductslikewisecontributestotheunsustainableuseoffoodandmaterial
resources.
To maintain ecological balance, therefore, the conservation of genes, species and
ecosystemsbecomesessentialtokeeplifetogether.Biodiversityconservationstrategies
commencewiththeprotectionofbothterrestrialandaquaticecosystems.Landuses,such
asprotected areas,ensure thatthenaturalstateof thesehabitatscontinue to existin
designated areas. Community-based approaches in conservation maximize citizens’
participationinprotectedareas.Integrityofnaturalecosystemscanlikewisebeguarded
throughthepreservationofindigenousspecies.
3. Everything must go somewhere. (Ang lahat ng bagay ay may patutunguhan.)
By-productsofconsumptiongobacktotheenvironment.Everythingthatwethrowaway
–piecesofpaper,left-overfood,peelingsoffruits,plasticwrappers,usedcontainers–
havetogosomewhere.Evenplantsandanimalshavetheirownwastes–feces,urine,
ACER 2
Module 4
deadleavesandbranches.Itisthelawofnaturethattheby-productsofmetabolism
returntothesoil,acteduponfirstbyworms,bacteriaandfungi,andthenconvertedinto
minerals,tobeagainabsorbedbyplantsandeatenbyanimals.Inshort,theyenterintoa
materialcyclethatisanintegralpartoftheecosystem.Butwhathappensifwhatwe
throwisanartificialproductsuchasplastic?Thennaturalbacteriacannotrecognize
themandmaynotbecapableofbreakingthemapart.Thesenon-biodegradableproducts
mustenteranothermaterialcycle–theonethatgoestothefactorytobemanufactured
intoanewproduct.Thustheretrieval,collectionandrecyclingofthesematerialsbecome
necessarysothattheydonotpollutelandandwaterhabitats.
4. Ours is a finite earth. (Ang kalikasan ay may hangganan.)
Everything that we need is provided by nature in abundance – food, water, energy,
mineralsandair.However,someresourcesthatwedependuponnowadaysareextracted
excessivelybutareslowtoreplace.Thesenon-renewableresourcesexperiencelimitsof
supply.Forinstance,fossilfuelsproducedoverthousandsofyearsmaybeexhaustedina
hundredyears.Someenergysourceslikewater,andwoodmaybereplacedeasierbut
havebecomeinaccessibleduetopollutionandexcessiveextraction.Diminishingforest
cover have resulted from logging, ineffective reforestation and continued land
conversion. However, food scarcity and poverty may have resulted from failed
distributionsystemsratherthaninabilityofthelandandwaterbodiestoyieldfood.
5. Nature knows best. (Ang kalikasan ang mas nakakaalam.)
Naturemanifestscertainprocessesthatenableittomaintainbalanceandremaininastate
ofequilibrium.Thenutrientcyclingofnitrogen,carbon,sulfurandphosphorousinthe
air,waterandlandindicatesthatmineralsareutilizedwithintheconfinesoftheearth.
Theflowofenergyfromthesunenableslighttobeconvertedintosugarinplantsthrough
photosynthesis,and later forconsumerorganisms toobtainenergyfromplant starch.
Foodchainsandfoodwebsallowtransferofenergyfromproducersandconsumersand
providethemeansforalllivingorganismstoacquirenutrition.Populationcontrolalso
occursnaturallythroughpredator–preyrelationships.
Theequilibriumintheecosystemismaintained,thusifhumansintervene,unforeseen
negative impacts known as ecological backlash, may arise. Floods are often times
backlashesofexcessivefellingoftrees.Theimportationofgoldenkuhol,thatbecamea
pest,remindsusthatbiologicalorganismsmaynotacclimatizeinanewenvironmentor
maycauseharmtoindigenousspecies.
6. Nature is beautiful and we are stewards of God’s creation. (Ang kalikasan ay
maganda at tayo ang tagapangasiwa ng lahat na nilikha ng Diyos.)
DifferentreligionsfromIslamtoBuddhismtoJudeo-Christiantoindigenouspeople’s
animismexpressthebeliefofcaringfortheearth,includingallcreatures.Thusitisthe
goal of environmental education and biodiversity conservation education to motivate
target audiences towards developing an eco-spirituality that moves them into a more
meaningful relationship with nature and a greater participation in the biophysical
economicprocessesthatmakethisworldabetterplacetolivein.
ACER 3
Module 4
7. Everything changes. (Ang lahat ay nagbabago.)
Changesinthebiophysicalworldoccurnaturally.Astheysay,thereisnothingmore
permanentinthisworldthanchange.Considerthefollowingexamples.Metamorphosis
ofcaterpillarstobutterfliesillustratesmorphologicalchangesthatoccurinlivingforms.
Theincreaseofvegetationonearthaugmentedtheamountofoxygenintheatmosphere
throughtime.Seasonsarecyclicchangesthatcontributetothediversityofflowers,fruits,
vegetables and other crops during the year. Random changes manifested by natural
catastrophe such as typhoons destroy forests, coral reefs and mangroves. Volcanic
eruptionsannihilatesurfacefloraandsubmergerivers.
IMPORTANT E
TH
TH       THE SEVEN LAWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION LAW
LAW DESCRIPTION
1. R.A. 9003 – Ecological Solid
Waste Management Act of 2000
Inpartnershipwithstakeholders,thelawaims
to adopt a systematic, comprehensive and
ecological solid waste management program
thatshallensuretheprotectionofpublichealth
and environment. The law ensures proper
segregation, collection, storage,treatment and
disposalofsolidwastethroughtheformulation
andadaptationofbesteco-wasteproducts.
2. R.A. 9275 – Philippine
Clean Water Act of
2004
The law aims to protect the country's water
bodiesfrompollutionfromland-basedsources
(industries and commercial establishments,
agriculture and community/household
activities). It provides for comprehensive and
integrated strategy to prevent and minimize
pollution through a multi-sectoral and
participatory approach involving all the
stakeholders.
3. R.A. 6969 – Toxic
Substances,
Hazardous and Nuclear
Waste Control Act of 1990
The law aims to protect the country's water
bodiesfrompollutionfromland-basedsources
(industries and commercial establishments,
agriculture and community/household
activities). It provides for comprehensive and
integrated strategy to prevent and minimize
pollution through a multi-sectoral and
participatory approach involving all the
stakeholders
4. R.A. 8435 – Agriculture
and Fisheries
It establishes that the Department of
Agriculture, together with other appropriate
ACER 4
Module 4
Modernization Act of
1997
agencies, should take into account climate
change, weather disturbances and annual
productivity cycles in forecasting and
formulating appropriate agricultural and
fisheriesprograms.
5. R.A. 8749 – Clean Air Act of
1999
This moves for an effective air quality
management program that will mitigate the
worsening problem of air pollution in the
country.
6. R.A. 9512 – National
Environmental Awareness
and
Education Act of 2008
Thispromotesnationalawarenessontherole
of natural resources in economic growth and
theimportanceofenvironmentalconservation
and ecological balance towards sustained
nationaldevelopment.
7. R.A. 9513 – Renewable
Energy Act of 2008
It promotes the development, utilization and
commercialization of renewable energy
resources.
ACER 5
Module 4
Topic 3
FOREST PROTECTION CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT
Forest protectionisabranchofforestrywhichisconcernedwiththepreservationor
improvementofaforestandpreventionandcontrolofdamagetoforestbynaturalorman-made
causes.(Example-fire,animals,insect,fungi,injuriousplantsandadverseclimaticconditions.)
Thisforestprotectionalsohasalegalstatusandratherthanprotectionfromonlypeople
damagingtheforestsisseentobebroaderandincludeforestpathologytoo.Thusduetothisthe
differentemphasesaroundtheworldparadoxicallysuggestdifferentthingsforforestprotection
..
Thetypesofman-inducedabusethatforestprotectionseekstopreventinclude:
Aggressiveorunsustainablefarmingandlogging
Pollutionofsoilonwhichforestsgrow
Expandingcitydevelopmentcausedbypopulationexplosionandtheresultingurban
sprawl
Forest Conservation
Didyouknowthatforestsarecalledthelungsof
theenvironment?Theyareafactory
ofoxygenandvariousotherveryimportant
naturalresources.Canhumanslivewithouttheir
lungs?Similarly,theenvironmenttoowouldnot
survivewithoutforests.Letustakealookat
forestconservation.
Forestconservationasthenamesuggestsisthe
preservationandtheprotectionofforests.Italso
involvesthereversal
ofdeforestationandenvironmentalpollution.The
preservationofallnaturalresourcesisabsolutely
essentialforthebalanceofourecosystem.
ImportanceofForests
Letustakealookatwhyforestsaresoveryimportanttousandourenvironment.Wearebasically
dependentonforestsforoursurvival.Andsotheirconservationisofessentialimportance.
Themostimportantfunctionofforestsisthatitproducesmassamountsofoxygenasaby-
productofphotosynthesis.Oxygenisthemainrespiratorygasforallanimals,itensuresour
survival.
Recommended for you
Document continues below

 1
 NSTP REPORT - ACTIVITY 1
 NSTP100% (5)

 1
 As a student
 NSTP100% (3)

 1
 Essay#11 NSTPWhat is your role or contribution in the fight against substance
misuse and abuse?
 NSTP100% (1)

1

 NSTP-Essay 4-De Leon - Essay for one of the activities in NSTP
 NSTP100% (1)

 9
 NSTP-Prelim-Quizzes-Exam (1) 1
 National Service Training Program100% (8)

 12
 Toaz NSTP Q1 to Prelims
 National Service Training Program100% (7)

 5
 3 - content 3
 National Service Training Program100% (6)

 7
 2 - Lecture notes 2
 National Service Training Program100% (3)

Module 4
Andwhilephotosynthesis,treesalsoabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheair.Thisisoneofthe
mainpollutantsofairpollution.Henceforestsalsoreduceairpollution.
Forestsalsopreventsoilerosionandkeepsoilpollutionincheck.Deforestation,infact,
leadstosoilerosiononalargescalesincethetopsoilcomesloose.
Forestsalsoplayanimportantpartinthewatercycleandcontrolmoisturelevelsofour
ecosystem.
Andfinally,forestsarethenaturalhomeandhabitatformillionsofspecies
ofanimals,birds,andinsects.
WaystoConservetheForest
Controlled Deforestation
Whiledeforestationcannotbeavoidedcompletely,wemustlooktocontrolit.Youngandimmatu
re
treesshouldnotbefelledasfaraspossible.Wemustlooktoavoidlarge-scalecommercial
deforestationaswell.Adaptingpracticessuchasclear-
cuttingorselectivecuttingwillbebeneficial
inthelongrun.
Protect against Forest Fires
Forestfiresarethemostcommonanddeadlycauseoflossofforests.Theycanstartduetonatural
causesorcanbeaccidentscausedbymanorevenintentionalinsomecases.Onceafirespreads
ina
forestitisverydifficulttocontrol.Precautionsmustbetakenforsuchincidents.Makingfirelanes,
spreadingchemicalstocontrolfire,clearingoutdryleavesandtreesetc.
WATER CONSEVATION
WhatisWaterConservation?
Waterconservationisapracticeinwhichpeople,companies,andgovernmentsattempttoreduc
e
theirwaterusage.Waterisessentialtolifeonearth.Weneedwatertogrowfood,keepclean,
providepower,controlfire,andlastbutnotleast,weneedittostayalive!Ifwaterisconstantly
beingcleanedandrecycledthroughtheearth’swatercycle,
Peopleuseupourplanet’sfreshwaterfasterthanitcannaturallybereplenished.
Water Conservation
1. Takeshortshowersandsharebathwater.Showersusemuchlesswater.Theother
choiceistofillabucketwithwaterandtakeacanorajug,andkeepfillingitwith
waterfromthebucketandpouringitoveryourhead-ifyouhavesomeextrawater
Module 4
saveitforsomeotherpersontouse.Youcanlatheryourselfupwiththewater
turnedoffinthemiddleoftheshower.
2. Polluteless.Whenwashingdishes,washgreasypanslasttokeepthewaterclean.
3. Turnofftapsproperly.Especiallywhenbrushingyourteeth-everylittlebithelps.
4. Fixdrippingtaps.Theconstantdripwasteswater,energyandmoney,sorepairthem
assoonaspossible.Youcanalsosavebyinstallinganinexpensive"flowcontrol"
deviceinshowerheadsandfaucets.
5. Useappliancesefficiently.Runningtheclotheswasherwithafullloadandusing
coldwater(30degreesCelsius)wheneverpossiblecanleadtobigenergysavings.
Usedetergentsthatcleanclotheseffectivelyincolderwater.
Topic 1
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
Introduction
Humansecurity,in its broadestsense,embraces far more than theabsenceof violent
conflict.Itencompasseshumanrights,goodgovernance,accesstoeducationandhealthcarea
nd
ensuringthateachindividualhasopportunitiesandchoicestofulfilhisorherpotential…Every
stepinthisdirectionisalsoasteptowardsreducingpoverty,achievingeconomicgrowthand
preventing conflict. Freedom from want, freedom from fear, and the freedom of future
generationstoinheritahealthynaturalenvironment–thesearetheinterrelatedbuildingblocks
ofhuman–andthereforenational–security.
National Securityisdefinedasthestateorconditionwhereinthevalueswhichanation
treasuressuchasterritorialintegrity,sovereignty,people’swayoflifeandwell-
beingareprotected
andenhanced.Itistherequirementtomaintainthesurvivalofthenation-statethroughtheuseof
economicmilitaryandpoliticalpowerandtheexerciseofdiplomacy
National Security isalso definedas thestate orcondition whereinthevalueswhicha
nationtreasuressuchas territorialintegrity,sovereignty,people’swayoflifeandwell-being
areprotectedandenhanced.Itistherequirementtomaintainthesurvivalofthenation-state
throughtheuseofeconomicmilitaryandpoliticalpowerandtheexerciseofdiplomacy.The
measurestakentoensurenationalsecurityinclude:
Usingdiplomacytorallyalliesandisolatethreats;
Maintainingeffectivearmedforces;
Implementingcivildefenseandemergencypreparednessmeasures(includinganti-
terrorismlegislation);
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
10 | P a g e
MODULE 5
Ensuringtheresilienceandsecurityofcriticalinfrastructure;and
Usingintelligenceservicestodetectanddefeatoravoidthreatsandespionage,and
toprotectclassifiedinformation.
InthePhilippinecontextasindicatedbytheNSCPermanentSecretariat,NationalSecurity
isdescribedasacondition or state of being where the Filipino people’s values, way of life,
institutions, welfare, and well-being, sovereignty and strategic relations are protected
and
enhanced. TheelementsofNationalSecurityarethe following:
Moral-spiritualconsensus
Culturalcohesiveness
Economicsolidarity
Socio-politicalstabilityEcologicalbalance
Territorialintegrity
Internationalharmony
Topic 2
THREE MAJOR PILLARS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
(National Security Policy 2017-2022, National Security Council)
1. Safeguarding the Philippine’s national Unity, its democracy and its social
institutions – All citizens share one national identity that is, being Filipinos
regardlessoftheirethnic,religious,culturalandideologicalorientation.
2. SecurityoftheStateandpreservingandprotectingitssovereignty,territorialintegrity
andinstitutions
–ThisisprovidedintheConstitutionasstatedinthefollowing:
Definitionofnationalterritoryconsistentwithnewinternationalcovenants(Art.I)
Renunciationofwarasaninstrumentofnationalpolicy(Art.IISec.2)
Civiliansupremacyovermilitary(Art.IISec.3)
RoleofthearmedforcesasprotectorofthepeopleandtheState(Art.IISec.3)
Maintenanceofpeaceandorder,theprotectionoflife,libertyandpropertyand
thepromotionofthegeneralwelfare(Art.IISec.5)
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
11 | P a g e
MODULE 5
Pursuitofanindependentforeignpolicybasedonnationalsovereigntyand
nationalinterest(Art.IISec.7)
Righttoself-determination(Art.IISec.7)
3. Protection of properties, infrastructures and keeping the people safe from all forms of
threats,both hereandabroad,andtotheextentpossible,creatingjobsinordertobringback
homeoverseasFilipinoworkerswheretheirphysicalsafetycanbefullyguaranteedbythe
Government.ONAL SECURITY AND THE NSTP PROGRAM
The1987PhilippineConstitutionenshrinedinitsDeclarationofPrinciplesthattheFilipinos
areduty-boundtoprotectthecountryand,assuch,theymaybesubjectedtoundergoservice
trainingprograms(Art.II,Sec.14,ThePhilippineConstitution).TheGovernmentmaycall
uponthepeopletodefendthestate,andinfulfilmentthereof,allcitizensmayberequired,
underconditionsprovidedbylaw,torenderpersonal,militaryorcivilservice.
TheNSTPisaprogramaimedatenhancingcivicconsciousnessanddefensepreparedness
intheyouthbydevelopingtheethicsofserviceandpatriotismwhileundergoingtrainingin
anyofitsthree(3)programcomponents,specificallydesignedtoenhancetheyouth'sactive
contributiontothegeneralwelfare.
Manpower Reservoir for National Security
1. Graduates of CWTS and LTS shallbelongtotheNationalServiceReserveCorps
(NSRC)whichcould betappedbytheStateforliteracyandcivicwelfareactivities
suchassistingindisasterpreparedness,mitigation,responseandrehabilitation
programs.
2. Graduates of the ROTC componentshallformpartoftheAFPCitizen
ArmedForcesandAFP ReserveForce,subjecttoDNDrequirements.
Topic 3
THREATS IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY
Internal security, is the act of keeping peace within thebordersof asovereign stateor
otherself-governingterritories,generallybyupholdingthenationallawanddefendingagainst
internal security threats. Responsibility for internal security may range
frompolicetoparamilitaryforces,andinexceptionalcircumstances,themilitaryitself.
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
12 | P a g e
MODULE 5
Threatstothegeneralpeacemayrangefromlow-levelcivildisorder,largescaleviolence,or
even an armedinsurgency. Threats to internal security may be directed at either the
state'scitizens, or the organs and infrastructure ofthe stateitself, and may range from
pettycrime,seriousorganizedcrime,politicalorindustrialunrest,orevendomesticterrorism.
Foreignpowersmayalsoactasathreattointernalsecurity,byeithercommittingorsponsoring
terrorismorrebellion,withoutactuallydeclaringwar.
Governmentalresponsibilityforinternalsecuritywillgenerallyrestwithaninteriorministry,as
opposed to adefence ministry. Depending on the state, a state's internal security will be
maintained by either the ordinarypoliceor more militarised security forces (known
asGendarmerieor,literally,theInternalTroops.).Otherspecializedinternalsecurityagencies
mayexisttoaugmentthesemainforces,suchasborderguards,specialpoliceunits,oraspectsof
the state'sintelligence agencies. In some states, internal security may be the primary
responsibilityofasecretpoliceforce.
Thelevelofauthorizedforceusedbyagenciesandforcesresponsibleformaintaininginternal
securitymightrangefromunarmedpolicetofullyarmedparamilitaryorganizations,oremploy
somelevelofless-lethalweaponryinbetween.Forviolentsituations,internalsecurityforces
maycontainsomeelementofmilitarytypeequipmentsuchasnon-militaryarmoredvehicles.
THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY
NationalSecurity–isastateorconditionwhereourmostcherishedvaluesandbeliefs
ourdemocraticwayoflife,ourinstitutionsofgovernanceandourunity,welfareand
well-beingasanationandpeoplearepermanentlyprotectedandcontinuouslyenhanced.
Thereareseven(7)fundamentalelementsthatlieatthecorewhichthereforefurther
amplifyourdefinitionofnationalsecurity.Atthesametime,theyconstitutethemost
importantchallengeswefaceasanationandpeople.
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
13 | P a g e
MODULE 5
1.Socio–politicalstability-Wemustachieve peaceandharmony amongall
Filipinos,regardlessofcreed,ethnicoriginorsocialstation.Thegovernmentandthe
peoplemustengageinnation–buildingundertheruleoflaw,constitutionaldemocracy
andthefullrespectforhumanrights.
2.Territorialintegrity-wemustensurethepermanentinviolabilityofournation
territoryandit’seffectivecontrolbythegovernmentandthestate.
3.Economicsolidarityandstrength–wemustvigorouslypursueafree–market
economythroughresponsibleentrepreneurshipbasedonsocialconscience,respectfor
thedignityoflaborandconcernforthepublicinterest.
4.Ecologicalbalance–nationalsurvivalrestsupontheeffectiveconservationof
our natural environmental in the face of industrial and agricultural expansion and
populationgrowth.
5.culturalcohesiveness–ourlivesasapeoplemustberuledbyacommonsetof
values and believe grounded on high moral and ethical standards, drawn from our
heritage and embodying a Filipino standard identity transcending religious, ethic and
linguisticdifferences.
6. Moral – spiritual consensus – we must be propelled by a national vision
inspiredandmanifestedinourwordsanddeeds,bypatriotismnationalprideandthe
advancementofnationalgoalsandobjective.
7.Externalpeace–wemustpursueconstructiveandcordialrelationswithall
nationsandpeoples,evenasournationsitselfmustchartanindependentcourse,free
fromexternalcontrol,interferenceorthreatoraggression.
Internal Threats our national security environment is infused with four important
dimensions.Internalthreatstoournationalsecuritymakeupthefirstdimension.
A. . Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) – the MILF in constructive peace
negotiation, the armed activities of the group continue to be a source of serious
concern,particularlythebuild-upitsdefensiveandoffensivecapabilities.Handin
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
14 | P a g e
MODULE 5
handwiththissecurityproblemisthethreatfromtheAbuSayyafGroup(ASG),a
smallbandofhighlymobileterroristswithsuspectedlinkstointernationalnetworks.
B. TheCommunistPartyofthePhilippines/NewPeople’sArmy/NationalDemocratic
Front(CPP/NPA/NDF)- continuouston poseaserious threat to nationalsecurity,
althoughpresentlyweakenedincomparisonwiththeirpeakstrengthintheperiod
1985-87.
C. Organizedcrime-isanationalsecurityconcern.Thechallengeofillegaldrugsin
particular,hasgrownintoamajorthreattothenationalcommunity.
D. Graveincidenceofpoverty-isalsoaseriousthreattonationalsecurity,especiallyto
theextentthatitbreedsrebellion,crimeanddissidence.Povertyincidenceaffects
aboutone-third(1/3)ofFilipinonationwide.
E. Economicsabotage-underminesthemarketeconomy,thefinancialsystemandthe
nation’s resources. Under this category are underground activities such as
counterfeiting,moneylaundering,large-scalesmuggling,inter-oceanicpoachingand
commercialdumping.
F. Graftandcorruption-hasbecomeanotherthreattoournationalsecuritybyvirtueof
thehugescalebywhichitsapspublicresources,underminesthemoraleofthecivil
serviceandaffectsthedeliveryofqualitybasicservices.
G. Severecalamities-causeseriousfoodshortages,abethoardingandprofiteeringtool
standsatmorethan13,000liveslostandp179Billionworthofpropertydestroyed.
H. Persistentenvironmentdegradation–posesalongtermsecuritythreat.Theattritionof
forest and watersheds, air-land-water pollution and the proliferation of toxic
substancesareacauseofsickness,deathandthediminutionofnationalproductivity
andwell-being.
I. TechnologicalThreatssuchasgamblingthroughnumbergames,internetholdups
andcyber-crimes(computerhacking,computerpilferage,ATMstealingandcyber
prostitution)
External Threats
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
15 | P a g e
MODULE 5
A. The multi-lateral dispute over the Spratly Island, is a source of intermittent
tensions,owingtothebuild-upstructures,believedtobemilitary–oriented,by
someclaimantcountriesinthearea.
B. The smuggling firearms and contraband, illegal migration and occasional
movementofforeignterroriststhroughtheporousbordersofoursouthwestern
frontierhaveelicitedtransnationalconcern.Philippinelawenforcementagencies
workcloselywithinternationalpoliceorganizations,bilaterallyandmultilaterally,
tochecktheseactivities.
C. The lingering effects of the currency crisis affecting the countries within the
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN ) are a cause of regional
anxietieswhichtendtoaggravatethepoliticalinstabilitiesandsocio-economic
dislocationsinvolvingthepoorestpeople.
D. Theseriouseconomicdisparitybetweenrichandpoornationskeepstheworldin
astateofinstabilityandvirtuallyonthebrinkorwarinmanyplaces.
E. Ethnic, religious and cultural conflict pervades many regions and nations
includingourown.Itisconstantlyexacerbatedbymasspoverty,limitedaccessto
resources,denialofhumanrights,lackofnationalintegrationandinternational
issues.
SECURITY
Natural Threats
a. Earthquakes
b. Typhoons
c. Floods
d. VolcanicEruptions
e. Tsunamis
A New Kind of National Security
The21stcenturyisnotthe20thcentury.Greatpowercompetitionisafactoflifeandwill
remainso,butthethreatstoAmericansecuritycomeinawidervarietyofformsthantheydida
centuryago.Totrulyprotectitscitizens,itsterritory,anditseconomicmight,theUnitedStates
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
16 | P a g e
MODULE 5
needstobepositionedtorespondtothiswidervarietyofthreats.AstheCOVID-19pandemic
unfolded,Dr.TedrosAdhanomGhebreyesus,theDirectorGeneraloftheWHO,articulatedthe
typeofresponseplansthatgovernmentsneededtoimplement.“Theseareplansthatstartwith
leadershipfromthetop,coordinatingeverypartofgovernment,notjustthehealthministry–
security, diplomacy, finance, commerce, transport, trade, information and more – the
whole
governmentshouldbeinvolved.”
Topic 4
THE ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN THE NATIONAL SECURITY
THEROLEOFTHEYOUTHINTHENATIONALSECURITY
10WaysYouthCanMakeanImpact,itprovidedtheyouthmeanstocontributetothe
country’snationalsecurity.Itemphasizedthatyouthengagementcanbringaboutsocial
change. It sends a message that the youth don’t have to wait to become adults to be
significantandactivemembersofthesociety.
1. Know your rights. Readup,getinformedandpracticeyourright!!Theyouth
canmaximizetheir rightsiftheyarewell-informed.Theexistingrightsareonly
ofvaluetotheyouthiftheyareunderstood,observedandused.
2. Learn about local issues. Whataretheconcernsplaguingyourcommunity?
Howaretheconcerns affectingyouandyourimmediateenvironment?Knowing
theproblemcanleadtopossiblesolutionsandtheyouth’sroleinthegrand
schemeofthings.
3. Speak out. Don’t beafraidtospeakyourmindeitheronline,throughsocial
media, and offline, gatherings and meetings. Be assertive and express your
interests.Someoneisboundtoreadortolistentoit.However,beresponsibleof
what you aired and support it with facts. Also, respect the views of others
regardlessifitagreesordisagreeswithyou.
4. Network.Thereisstrengthinnumbers.Reachouttothemandlearntheir
effortsandinitiatives.It couldpavewaytobiggerthingsforyou.
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
17 | P a g e
MODULE 5
5. Spread the word. Talktoyourfriendsandfamilyabouttheconcernsandissues
youseeas important.Youcanprovideavoicetounaddressedissues,educate
andinfluencethepeoplearoundyou.
6. Join campaigns. Beonewiththepeoplehavingthesamevisionandinitiative
asyou.Create solutionsandactionsthatcanbedoneinyourcommunity.
7. Host a youth summit. Learnandshareyourperspectivesandviewswithpeers
as well as decision-makers. Schoolsand local organizations can beof great
supporttoyou in tryingto create a forumfor the exchangeof ideas.Bring
togetherdifferentcommunitiesandunderstandwhatyouhaveincommon, as
wellasyourdifferencesininterestsandperspectives.
8. Use your creativity. Useyourpassionfortheartsandyourhobbiesintoa
productiveactiontowards yourideals.
9. Join/create a youth organization. Localyouthorganizationsaregreatplacesto
expandyour knowledgeandbecomeanactivememberofyoursociety.Ifyour
communitydoesn’thaveanorganizationrepresentingyouth, createone.Bethe
trendsetter!
10. Be an inspiration. Believeinyourself,andfollowyourpassion. Passionate
youth will change the world.
ThePhilippinestodayistormentedwithvarioussocialafflictions–poverty, crime,
corruption,andindifference.JustasJoseRizaland otherslikehim exclaimed,thetaskof
cultivatingthemotherlandisburdenedupontheyouth. Hence,howcanweaddressthesesocial
illsplaguingPhilippineSociety? Whatroledoestheyouthplayinaddressingthesesocialills?
Theyouth,whichbylegaldefinitioncomprisesthosewhoare15to30yearsold,comprises
almostone-thirdofthecountry’spopulation.GiventheirlargeshareintheFilipinopopulation,
theyouthincreasinglyplayalargeroleinthedevelopmentofthePhilippinesociety.Their
attitudes,values,mind-set,andprioritieswilldeterminethedevelopmentofthecountryinthe
future.Withthecrucialrolethesocietyhasplacedupontheyouth,itisimperativetoinstilla
positiveoutlookupontoday’syouththatwillorientthemtowardsdevelopment.
According to a Social Weather Station (SWS) survey, the youth acknowledge economic
matters,crime,andgovernanceasthecountry’smainproblems.However,despitethefactthat
they acknowledged the severity of these problems, most of them respond with either
helplessnessorapathywhenaskedwhattheycandotohelpsolvethem.Thisisreflectedinthe
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
18 | P a g e
 
MODULE 5
youth’s behavior towards involvement and participation in organizations and activities.
AccordingtoSWS,Filipinosarenotjoiners.OnlyoneofeightFilipinoyouthareinvolvedin
religious or recreational organizations and only one oft of ten youth organizations.
Furthermore, the Filipino youth was found to have unexpectedly high incidences of
involvementinillegalactivitiessuchasillegaldruguse,criminality,andillicitsex.Giventhese
disturbingfactsaboutFilipinoyouth,willtheyhavetheabilitytoaddressthevarioussocialills
of the country?
The Global Partnership for Youth Development, suggested that one way to overcome
the
problemsoftheyouthandtobetterequipthemtowardsthedevelopmentofthesocietyis
throughyouthempowerment.Empowermentcouldbemanifestedthroughgreateropportuniti
es
fortheyouth.TheYouthmustbegivenopportunitiestoparticipateincommunitylifeand
capacitybuilding.Theirleadershipneedstobeharnessed?Hence,opportunitiessuchasthe
Sangguniang Kabataan, volunteer projects such as Habitat for Humanity, where youth
volunteersbuildhousingforthepoor.AlsotheNationalYouthCommissionsProjectssuchas
GreenBrigade,NationalYouthParliamentandtheNationalYouthSummitor(Pambansang
UgongNgKabataan)whichIamanalumni,areexamplesofeventsthatsomeFilipinoyouth
participate in to help solve the country'’ social problems.
AccordingtotheFilipinoYouthStudysurveyconductedbytheGlobalFilipinoFoundationin
2001,Mediaandtechnologyaretheotherbigthingsintheirlife.TVandradiohavethehighest
reach.Technologyisstillafunctionofclass,buttheInternetCafesmushroominginourmidst
will democratize their availability to the youth. Globalization will happen faster in this
generationastheworldopensupthoughmediaandtechnology.Accordingtotheyouth,with
theInternet,theycanlearnaboutanything.TheInternetisa greattoolfor buildingyouth
empowerment.Wecancreateourownwebpagestopromoteyouthparticipation.Likemy
webpage: www.kabataan.htmlplanet.com. Youth can develop international solidarity by
participating in online discussions, such as those held by taking it global.org and
YouthActionNet.OrgwhereIwasoneofthefeaturedyouthleaders.WecanusetheInternetto
connect with international youth organizations such as Advocates for youth,
International
Student Activism Alliance, and Global Youth Action Network.
Thus,theyouthcouldinspirebothhopeandfearinthesociety.Fearintheformofapathy,
criminality, and immorality. Hope in the form of participation, concern and volunteerism.
Solvingthecountry’ssocialproblems,then,isachallengefortheyouthtobringhoperather
than fear into our society.
Theyouthhaveacrucialroletoplayinshapingthefutureofourcounty,havethatthereisno
doubt.Theyhaveproventhattheycanbepowerfulagentsofchange.
NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM
19 | P a g e