BACHELOR OF HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT WITH HONOURS
JANUARY/2021
BBSB4103
CROSS-CULTURAL MANAGEMENT
NO. MATRIKULASI : 931214086088001
NO. KAD PENGENALAN : 931214086088
NO. TELEFON : 0129814932
E-MEL : sarjitraj@yahoo.com
PUSAT PEMBELAJARAN : KUALA SELANGOR
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Table of Content Pages
i) Introduction on Malaysia & Korea 2-4
ii) Malaysia on values, communication styles,
motivation, leadership and organizational structure 5-7
iii) Korean on values, communication styles,
motivation, leadership and organizational structure 8-10
iv) Discussion on the preparation of adapting the
different cultural characteristics for working in Korea 10-11
v) Conclusion 11
vi) Reference 12
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Introduction
Culture plays an important role in creating social networks. This assignment will soon
discuss the cross-cultural of two countries, namely Malaysia and Korea. Culture means
holistic thought patterns, feelings or actions from one social group to another. Among the
terms used to refer to the whole pattern in cultural studies are software of mind or the
collective mental programming. The word itself comes from the culture of "Sanskrit" and
"Malay" which means "Mind and Brain Fitness". In addition, the meaning of culture also
means the power of energy, power or natural influence to generate their thinking. Culture
is also a group formed in the social environment or so-called mental program is such as
workplace, household, country, school and many others. In addition, cultures can be
grouped into various levels including regions, generations, gender, social, organization,
class, national or corporate.
Malaysia
Malaysia comprises of two geological districts separated by the South China Ocean: the
peninsular Malaysia (or West Malaysia) on the Malay Promontory bordered by Thailand
on the north and Singapore in south, and Malaysian Borneo (or East Malaysia) found on
the northern portion of the island of Borneo within the South China Ocean, bordering
Indonesia and encompassing the Sultanate of Brunei.
The nation offers moreover sea borders with the Philippines and Vietnam. Peninsular
Malaysia covers the southern half of the Malay Peninsula,
and amplifies 740 kilometers (460 mi) from north to south, and its most extreme width is
322 kilometers (200 mi). It is precipitous, with more than half of it over 150 meters (492
ft) over ocean level. Almost half of Peninsular Malaysia is secured by rock and
other volcanic rocks, a third more is secured by stratified rocks more seasoned than
the stone, and the leftover portion is secured by alluvium. East Malaysia, on the island of
Borneo, contains a coastline of 2,607 kilometers (1,620 mi). It is separated between
coastal locales, slopes and valleys, and a hilly insides. There are as it were two major
cities, Kuching and Kota Kinabalu. Much of southern Sarawak is coastal swamps, which
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shifts to a arrangement of levels going north, finishing within the precipitous districts of
Sabah. Malaysia covers a add up to region of 329,847 km², making
it marginally bigger than Norway, or marginally bigger than the U.S. state
of Unused Mexico. Most elevated mountain is Mount Kinabalu with 4,095m on the
island of Borneo. Mountain Kinabalu and
the encompassing Kinabalu Stop official site are a UNESCO World Legacy Site.
Malaysia includes a populace of 36 million individuals. Biggest city and the national
capital is Kuala Lumpur. Talked dialects are Malay (official), English, Tamil, and
Chinese (Cantonese). Malaysia may be a multi-ethnic and multi-religious nation in
Southeast Asia and one of the wealthiest and most created nations, outranked in GNP as
it were by Singapore and oil-rich Brunei. The League of Malaya got to
be an autonomous nation on 31 August 1957. On 16 September 1963
the league was broadened by the promotion of the states of Singapore, Sabah
(once British North Borneo) and Sarawak. The title "Malaysia" was embraced from that
date. Singapore cleared out the alliance on 9 August 1965. The demographic profile is
The Malaysian populace is developing at a rate of 1.94% per annum as of
2017. Concurring to most recent projection of the 2010 census, the richness rates of the
3 biggest Malaysian bunches are as takes after: Malay/Bumiputera: 2.4 children per lady,
Chinese: 1.4 children per lady and Indian: 1.8 children per lady. Malay ripeness rates are
40% higher than Malaysian Indians and 56% higher than Malaysian
Chinese. Populace projections in 2017 appear that the Malays and Bumiputeras
comprised a add up to of 68.8% of the entire populace, Chinese 23.2% and Indians 7.0%.
[4] The Chinese populace has contracted relatively from 1957, when it
was approximately 40% of Malaya,[5] in spite of the fact that in supreme numbers they
have expanded around triple by 2017 in Malaysia (2.4 million in 1957 to 6.6 million in
2017, the afterward figure incorporate East Malaysia) but have been overshadowed by
the fivefold increment of Malays (from around 3.1 million in 1957 to 15.5 million in
2017). Besides that, Malaysia, a middle-income nation, it has changed itself since the
1970s from a basically rural maker of crude materials into an developing multi-sector
economy. Endeavoring to attain high-income status by 2020 and to move more distant up
the value-added generation chain by drawing in ventures in
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Islamic back, tall innovation businesses, biotechnology, and administrations. Hence, the
main business activity of Malaysia is sends out - especially of hardware, oil and gas,
palm oil and elastic - stay a critical driver of the economy.
Korea
Korean country started in Manchuria and the
Korean Promontory when individuals begun settling there 700,000 a long
time prior. Agent notable destinations related with the Paleolithic Age,
when individuals made devices of creature horns and chipped
stone instruments, incorporate the Komun Moru ruins in Sangwon, Pyeongannam-do, the
Jeongok-ri Location in Yeoncheon, Gyeonggi-do, the Seokjangri Ancient
times Location in Gongju, Chungcheongnam-do, and the Durubong Cave Location in
Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do. The early tenants of the landmass survived
by chasing creatures and collecting eatable plants in bunches. Korea is also well-known
for its breathtaking mountains, rivers, and poetical forests differentiate to the attentive
tapestries. With amounting area of around 99,579 km 2. Korea is the nation with 108th
district in the world. The massive city of Korea is Seoul which is also the capital of this
nation with an formal community of more than 10 million people. Korea is the only
country in the world you will find that speaks the most languages. Beside, the typical
culture of Korea write the Korea language which is apart but community on these group
only apply one language mainly Koreans, which produce a very Korean way. Korea has a
market economy in which the nation plays a main part. The service sector is developing
quickly in Korea where accounting around 71% of GDP. People frequent cite to Korea’s
fantastic economic thrive as the “Han River Legend”.
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Malaysia based on values, communication styles, motivation, leadership and
organizational structure
i) Values
As individuals of such a multicultural society, Malaysians are by and
large exceptionally mindful towards how they deferentially connected with individuals of
all foundations. There are social standards and taboos that advise what individuals for the
most part accept to be suitable and improper conduct. this can be related to the Malay
concept of ‘budi’ by which courteousness and regard are considered fundamental to
human interaction. Polygamy marriage is permitted among Muslim Malays
but something else monogamy is the run the show. Inter-ethnic marriage are not
common. Separate is getting to be more common. A society's demeanor towards same-
gender marriage, gay person sex are still disallowed in Malaysia. Else that that, same sex
couple are not permitted to embrace children.
ii) Communication Styles
Due to the different blend in Malaysia, there are four dialect in common utilization which
is malay, english, tamil & chinese (broadly utilized as common dialect). As in many
Asian societies, "No" May be a troublesome word and other ways
of communicating difference ought to be looked
for. Difference can impact the agreement of the circumstance as well
as conceivably making some person lose confront and needs to be dodged. Vagueness
and substitutions are frequently utilized to maintain a strategic distance
from disagreement. Thus, no gets to be, "Yes, but it can be troublesome" And "Yes"
Might simply infer "I have caught on your point". Humour can regularly be misjudged or
not get it at all and as such is best maintained a strategic distance from. It is way better to
underplay your individual merits, majoring or maybe on the merits of
your association or office.
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iii) Motivation
Employees in Malaysia are more inspire than those in next-door of Asian countries.
The inspiration of employees are mainly from internal. Organizations need to fulfill three
psychological needs of their employees which is capability, relevance and autonomy by
fulfilling psychological needs, empowering employees to be self-motivated. This
decrease the needs for costly management and rewards as they make small sight to
inspired employees. To connect those needs, employee who come to work wants to do
extraordinary job envoy for the company.
iv) Leadership
Grade and power
Malaysia is a really multiracial society, with Malays and inborn people groups making up
around 60 percent of the populace of 21 million. Chinese contain around 31 percent, and
Indians another 8 percent. Islam accentuates the significance of capability
and astuteness in leadership : "Those in specialist are to be chosen from among
the individuals of the community on the grounds that they are able and dependable"
(Quran Sura 4:58). Malaysian pioneers are not anticipated to be self-serving, within
the sense of putting their possess interface ahead of the bunch. Malaysians
and nearby companies esteem the collective soul, Malaysians accept that as it
were working in bunches or collaborating with each other will bring the
leading impact. In any case, most youthful individuals nowadays in Malaysia
are slanted to independence at work. Malaysian will always follow the rules figured.
Most Malaysians do not have innovation at work because the work requires them to obey
the correct principles kind off vivid ideas. To be master to participate with this global
economy, the Malaysia government express to change its policies, then they try to
motivate creativity and change in all industries and all classes.
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v) Organizational Structure
As in all Asian countries, organization frame tend to the hierarchic. Many Malaysian
organizational arise as familial businesses and this connect to the push for respect for
seniority. The CEO of a familiar business will lean to be the oldest male family member
working working at the company with other senior employees also being family
members. Hence, within traditional Malaysian companies, all key conclusion will be
form at the very senior rank with those decisions being assign down the chain of order for
execution.
Board of Director
Governors Advisors
Admin & Human
Resources Divisons
Employee
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Korea based on values, communication styles, motivation, leadership and
organizational structure
i) Values
Korea has been quite sometime since they are influenced by Confucian culture,
throughout the high-tempo individualization process has create Korean family culture
changed gradually. Korea is a region where Confucian ideology is implement which
appraise men to be more foremost than women in community who is still strongly
influential. Women are appraise second-class citizens, encounter violence, minimize, and
partial discrimination. Regarding marriage, there are traditional weddings and modern
weddings where for now traditional wedding are about to vanish.
ii) Communication Styles
There is a verification at the middle of the Korean communication model. Korean intend
to conserve harmony and encourage quality relationship. Disagreement and
dissatisfaction will frequent be foggy for Korean through the apply the phrases of “it can
be tough but we will tour the idea” or “we will try” nor “yes”, definitely “yes”. It may
directly mean “I have perceive you” or “I obtain you have form a point”. Remember that
communication is glimpse as a meaning to build a good relationship. Therefore, the way
you deliver the message is more supreme than the message itself. It is foremost to keep
up good body position during meetings. Immoral body indication or lavish expressing
can be mix up.
iii) Motivation
Employees in common cultures are less credible to use fair concept when dispense
benefit differentiate to employees in single cultures. Because Korea is a country with a
common culture, employees in Korea feel more pleasant working as teamwork. In order
to work in common culture, it is superior for strangers to know forwards of time or else it
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will only cause disappointment for strangers. Team member who have fix trust and
respect from the other team member will expect to work hard in order to make each other
successful where it also influence other team member to work hard. In addition, in Korea
culture, the bosses wants to see the achievement of employees through the task given.
Therefore, it is a task-operate effort building that vital employees to display their
achievement and ability.
iv) Leadership
Administration fashion contrasts emerge from
the contrasts between societies and organize of advancement of trade organization.
Basically, the role of organizations requesting more than authority, culture gets to
be an critical calculate in terms of administration viability (Afiff, 2013). There are a
few issues which contribute as challenges in executing the cross-cultural administration,
among others , issues of stereotype inclination to judge others based on a lesson or
category and the issue of ethnocentrism sense of predominance shared by individuals of
a specific culture (Luthans, 2006 : 392). Agreeing to Chang and Chang (1994 : 136)
Approach of authority in Korea in common administration framework is dictator and
paternalistic . An organization is deciphered as an expansion of the family, and
relationship inside the organization is the same as that in a family. Connection between
employees of organization in Korea business generally is much more believable to use
downward communication. Besides, the communication among managers is used
horizontal communication.
v) Organizational Structure
Korean organization have conventionally been identified by a top level of both vertical
and centralization hierarchy. Fundamental of Confucian beliefs of seniority, family and
age have to ensued they obey and obtain this system. The appearance of present
day Western administration hypotheses (frequently presented by taught Korea in US)
has included impulse to the calls for change of Korean company structure and conditions.
As well as the formal formal progression which frequently stresses specialization of work
and assignment, those managing with Korean companies would do well to undertake to
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pick up a few knowledge into the casual structures which are frequently the genuine inner
control components.
General Meeting of
Shareholders
Control Board
Adminstrative Council
President
Vice President
Department
Employees
Preparation of adapting the different cultural characteristics for working in Korea
The preparation of adapting the different cultural characteristic for working in Korea is
that ‘How are you?’ is likely one of the foremost habitually inquired address in Korea.
The Korean concept of individual questions is very different than that you’ll discover
back domestic.It’s ordinary for Koreans to inquire individual on their age, religion,
conjugal status, living courses of action, etc. I know that not all Korean individuals do
this but mostly do. Koreans ask these questions in arrange to put you within
the workplace hierarchy. Don’t take it seriously. That’s how they interact with each
other. Denying to reply individual questions is worthy in western culture, but in Korean
culture these questions are considered ordinary. We also believe that the working hours in
Korea is way different than our country. In western societies we accept ‘time is money’,
this concept isn't genuine in Korea. Many hakwon teachers need to educate classes
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outside the organized. For an example, Company classes are more often than not held on
the site, which suggests that the instructor must commute to the location in order to
require the lesson. However, the educator is only paid for the lesson time and not the
commute time. So even in the event that you utilized an hour to induce back
and forward from the location and another hour to educate the lesson you'll only get paid
for 1 hour not 2 hours. It is troublesome and appears unjustifiable but it is
an unavoidable truth around working in private hagwons in Korea. Agreeing to the word
reference the term “Losing Face” communicates the concept of losing the regard of
others, particularly in open which is exceptionally imperative in numerous Asian socities.
But in Korea, its another way around where ‘face loss’ must be dodged at all fetched. In
our nation, it is satisfactory to straightforwardly appear dissatisfaction or difference. Most
Koreans in any case never express outrage or feedback as a run the show particularly in
case the individual is older or features a higher social rank. Things will get unsavory and
troublesome and you ought to choose to appear outrage, dissatisfaction or anything
negative towards a Korean who is older or contains a higher social positioning.
The backhanded approach is continuously superior. Taking an indirect political course,
dodging open showdown and misfortune of confront for everybody included will guarantee
guarantee distant better and an improved relationship and an in
general stretch free involvement.
Conclusion
In common, both nation have similitude in culture, quality of education, quality of life.
Although Malaysia separated into Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia by the South
China Ocean, the Federal country still contains numerous interesting cultural
highlights unmistakable with neighboring nation. In expansion, to the dynamism and
modernity of a driving economy city in Asia, beside the friendliness and openness
of individuals, a colourful, differing culture is one of the reason pulls
in travelers strides to this wonderful nation. As we know Korea at the recent time is one
of the four little dragons of Asia, a really advanced nation and a flourishing economy but
a nation with a solid national personality. Subsequently, the Korean individuals still keep
up very in intaglio and solidly keep up the propensities, views, thoughts, traditions and
habits of their individuals.
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(2836 words)
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