Attachment 1

QUESTIONNAIRE
1. External anatomy: ( ) poor
( ) excellent Commentary:___________________.
( ) satisfactory
( ) unsatisfactory 9. Fulfillment of the coronary chamber and root canal –
( ) poor texture:
Commentary:___________________. ( ) excellent
( ) satisfactory
2. Internal anatomy: ( ) unsatisfactory
( ) excellent ( ) poor
( ) satisfactory Commentary:___________________.
( ) unsatisfactory
( ) poor 10. Fulfillment of the coronary chamber and root canal -
Commentary:___________________. quantity:
( ) excellent
3. Coronary chamber – size: ( ) satisfactory
( ) excellent ( ) unsatisfactory
( ) satisfactory ( ) poor
( ) unsatisfactory Commentary:___________________.
( ) poor
Commentary:___________________. 11. Fulfillment of the coronary chamber and root canal –
color:
4. Coronary chamber – shape: ( ) excellent
( ) excellent ( ) satisfactory
( ) satisfactory ( ) unsatisfactory
( ) unsatisfactory ( ) poor
( ) poor Commentary:___________________.
Commentary:___________________.
12. Manipulation easiness
5. Coronary chamber – access to the root canals: ( ) excellent
( ) excellent ( ) satisfactory
( ) satisfactory ( ) unsatisfactory
( ) unsatisfactory ( ) poor
( ) poor Commentary:___________________.
Commentary:___________________.
13. Hardness:
6. Root canal – size: ( ) excellent
( ) excellent ( ) satisfactory
( ) satisfactory ( ) unsatisfactory
( ) unsatisfactory ( ) poor
( ) poor Commentary:___________________.
Commentary:___________________.
14. Visualization of the radiographic image:
7. Root canal – shape: ( ) excellent
( ) excellent ( ) satisfactory
( ) satisfactory ( ) unsatisfactory
( ) unsatisfactory ( ) poor
( ) poor Commentary:___________________.
Commentary:___________________. Please, give a grade to the general quality of the teeth, in
a 0 to 10 scale, wherein 0 is the worst grade and 10 is the
8. Root canal - localization: best one: Grade:______________________
( ) excellent
( ) satisfactory
( ) unsatisfactory

47
 Perception of dental professors about the use of human teeth as an educational resource in pre-clinical activities

General aspects

1. In what year did you complete your Dental degree? ________________

Use of teeth as an educational resource

4. During your graduation, did you use human teeth extracted in pre-clinical activities?
( ) Yes ( ) No ( ) Do not remember
5. In which areas? You can tick more than one if applicable.
( ) Anatomy and dental sculpture ( ) Restorative Dentistry ( ) Endodontics ( ) Prosthesis ( ) Others:
________________
6. How did you get access to these teeth (specify for each of the areas)? ________________
7. Do you consider that extracted human teeth should be used in laboratory practice as an educational
resource?
( ) Yes ( ) No ( ) I don't know Please justify your answer ________________
8. Are there any advantages to using extracted human teeth in laboratory practice?
Which are? ________________
9. Are there any disadvantages to using extracted human teeth in laboratory practice?
Which are? ________________
10. Regarding the didactic potential of the educational resource, what type of teeth would guarantee a
more advantageous laboratory practice?
( ) Artificial teeth ( ) Human teeth ( ) Both equally What kind of didactic potential is related to your
answer? ________________
11. Regarding the development of psychomotor skills by students, what type of teeth would guarantee a
more advantageous laboratory practice?
( ) Artificial teeth ( ) Human teeth ( ) Both equally Why? ___________
12. What are the ethical and legal implications of using human teeth in pre-clinical practices in Dentistry
courses? ________________
Figure 1. Questionnaire applied to faculty.
TA B L E 1  Questionnaire developed for the study

Note: Rating on the 5-­point Likert scale ranged from “strongly disagree” (1), “disagree” (2), “neutral” (3), “agree” (4) to “strongly agree” (5) and “no
specification” (0).
Appendix 1: The Questionnaire
Please choose one ‘best’ option unless otherwise indicated:
1 Performing the access on the acrylic teeth compared to the
natural teeth was:
□ Much easier
□ Same as natural
□ More difficult
(Mention why): _________________
2 Locating the pulp chamber and canal orifice(s) compared to
the natural teeth was:
□ Much easier
□ Same as natural
□ More difficult
(Mention why): _________________
3 Canal instrumentation on the plastic teeth compared to the
natural teeth was:
□ Much easier
□ Same as natural
□ More difficult
(Mention why): _________________
4 In your opinion, the resilience (hardness) of the plastic teeth
resembles that of the natural teeth by:
□ 75—100%
□ 50 to <75%
□ <50%
5 In your opinion, the resilience (hardness) of the acrylic teeth
leads to:
□ Easier instrumentation
□ Difficult instrumentation
□ Has no effect on instrumentation
6 Obturation of plastic teeth compared to natural teeth was:
□ Much easier
□ Same as natural
□ More difficult
(Mention why): _________________
7 Irrigation of the canals from debris was:
□ Much easier
□ Same as natural
□ More difficult
8 The following are advantages of the plastic teeth over
natural:
Please rank the following advantages from 1 to 5 according to
their importance (1 = Most important advantage. . .6 = Least
important).
□ ___ Availability
□ ___ Easier to perform all aspects of root canal treatment
□ ___ They are less fragile than natural teeth
□ ___ Their standardization helps in understanding of
basic anatomy
□ ___ Fairness in case difficulty
□ ___ More hygienic than natural teeth