PE 3 INDIVIDUAL AND DUAL SPORT

Jumping Events

1. LONG JUMP – is a track and field event in which athletes combine speed, strength, and agility in an attempt
to the first modern Olympics in 1896 and has a history in the ancient Olympics.
In this event, he contestant dashes along a runway and springs into the air from a take-off board, to cover
the most significant possible distance. While still in the air, the jumper throws both feet far forward of the body.
Competitors take three jumps for distance, after which the best performers get three more jumps. A jump is
leaped as far from the take-off point as possible. This event has been an Olympic medal event since measured
along a straight line extending from the front edge of the take- off board to the mark made closest to the take-
off board by any part of the jumper's body as the jumper lands in the sandpit. The athletes are rated on their
longest jump. Long jumping requires strong leg and abdominal muscles, running speed, and leg spring.
A long jump is a power event that comprises of the following four phases:
• Approach run-up
• Take off
• Flight through the air
• Landing
To achieve maximum distance in the long jump, the athlete will have to balance three
components - speed, technique, and strength.

LONG JUMP STYLES

a. The Stride Jump
In the stride jumpstyle, the athlete maintains the take-off
position for as long as possible, and only as the athlete comes
into land does the take-off leg join the free leg for a suitable
landing position.
b. The Hang Style
On taking off, the athlete drops the free leg to the vertical,
which is then joined by the take-off leg. The arms go overhead
to slow down the rotation about the athlete's center of gravity.
The legs are then lifted upwards and forwards while lower the
trunk. The arms swing past the legs during the landing phase to
ensure a good leg shoot.
c. The Hitch-Kick
Following take-off, the free leg is straightened and swung
back and down as they take off leg folds up beneath the hips and
comes forward bent. The take- off leg then continues forward,
straightening for landing. The free leg completes its backward
swing behind the hip and then folds up and moves forwards bent,
to join the take-off leg ready for landing.

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Landing Area
The sand in the landing area must be moistened before the competition begins. It must be
raked level w/ the take-off board before every jump.
Take-off Board
It is made of wood and sunk level w/ the runway. Beyond it is a tray of plasticine or some
other similar soft substance for recording foot failures.
Run-up
The length of the run-up/runway is unlimited. Marks may not be put in the runway, but
maybe alongside it. Marks may not be placed beyond the take-off line.

RULES
a. Failure is counted if the competitor touches with any part of his body on the ground beyond
the take-off line.
b. Competitors must not use weights or grips.
c. It is a failure if the competitor when landing touches the ground outside the landing area
nearer to the take-off line.
d. Somersaulting is not allowed.
e. A jump is measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the
competitor's body.

THE JUDGES
Judge 1 – watches for failure. He has two flags (red-failed jump & white-good jump)
Judge 2 & 3 – measures the jump
Judge 4 – calls up competitors and clears the runway

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2. TRIPLE JUMP - (sometimes referred to as the hop, skip and jump) is a track and field sport, similar to
the long jump, but involving a "hop, step and jump" routine, whereby the competitor runs down the track
and performs a hop, a step and then a jump into the sandpit.

The triple jump has its origins in the Ancient Olympics and has been a modern Olympics event since
the Games' inception in 1896. The current male and female world record holders are Jonathan Edwards of
Great Britain, with a jump of 18.29 meters (60.0 ft), and Inessa Kravets of Ukraine, with a jump of 15.50
m (50 ft. 10.25 in.).

The triple jump, which probably puts more stress on an athlete's body than any other field event,
comprises of 4 phases: approach phase, hop phase, step phase, and the jump phase. Shoes- Heel spikes are
recommended for use on grass. Plastic heel cups may be used to protect the heel bone. Jumping Area -
The landing area and the take-off board are the same as for the long jump, but for the triple jump in
international competitions, there must be 13m between them.

RULES
a. Failure is counted if the competitor touches w/ any part of his body on the ground beyond the
take-off line.
b. Competitors must not use weights or grips.
c. It is a failure if the competitor touches the ground outside the landing area nearer to the take-
off line.
d. Somersaulting is not allowed.
e. A jump is measured from the nearest break in the landing area made by any part of the
competitor's body.

THE JUDGES
There are five judges: 4 as for the long jump and a fifth between the take-off board and landing area to
watch the competitor's feet.

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3. HIGH JUMP - In the high jump, athletes have three chances to leap over a crossbar set between two
upright poles 4 m (13 ft) apart. To make a jump, the competitors run towards the bar and then leap. After
clearing the crossbar, they land on a soft cushion, called the pit.
STYLES IN HIGH JUMP
1. The Straddle
2. Western Roll
3. Fosbury Flop
4. Scissor's Cut
High-jump techniques had changed dramatically since the 1960s when most competitors used the
straddle. The straddle would throw one leg over the bar while facing down, the rest of the body following.

In 1968 Olympic gold medalist Dick Fosbury of the United States revolutionized the event with a new
technique. To do the Fosbury Flop, as it is called, the athlete leaps at the bar sideways and then pivots so that
the head, facing upwards, clears the bar first. The back and then the rest of the body follows over the bar,
and the athlete lands shoulders first. Today, almost all jumpers use this technique.

High Jump - Fosbury Flop - The high jump comprises four phases: approach, take off, flight, and landing.

4. POLE VAULT - Like high jumpers, pole-vaulters attempt to clear a

crossbar. The pole vault bar is much higher, and the athlete uses a
flexible pole, generally from 4 to 5 m (12 to 16 ft) long, to propel his
or her body into the air and over the bar. Poles are usually fiberglass,
which replaced bamboo or metal in the 1960s.

Contestants have three tries at each height; the height is increased by 8 to 15 cm (3 to 6 in) at a time.
Three misses at a given height disqualify vaulters. Misses are charged when an athlete dislodges the bar or
passes to the side of or underneath the bar.

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