Kinship.
Family and Marriage
DIRECTIONS: Answer the following questions and write your answers on the space on the space pro-
vided.
1. Juan is an African national and got married to Maria in their country, then got married again to
another girl named Petra after several months. How can we address the form of marriage that they
have? Polygyny
2. If two people are living together under the same roof and they are having a sexual relationship
without the presence of marriage, it is referred to as Cohabitation?
3. In a relationship according to authority, what do you call it when there is an equal sharing of
practical responsibilities and decisions by both man and woman? Equalitarian
4. Consanguinity kinship is the bond through the relationship by blood.
5. Primary affinal Kinship is when a man and woman are bonded through marriage.
6. Annulment means to nullify totally the marriage, to abolish, to make void by the competent
authority.
7. Family is the basic unit of the society that consists of two or more individuals who are committed
to each other.
8. Nuclear Family is a kind of family that consists of primary members and those people related to
its members by blood ties.
9. Kinship is a web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans.
10. Polyandry pertains to the marriage of one woman to two or more men.
11. Patrilineal the lineage that is traced through male relatives.
12. Matrilineal lineage that is traced through female relatives.
13. Patriarch a group in which the father is considered as the head of the family.
14. Matriarchal a group in which the mother or the oldest female is considered as the head of the
family.
15. Bilateral Descent method of tracing the family member using both relatives from mother and
father's side.
Political and Economic Institutions
Answer the following questions.
1. Economic institution It is defined as any establishment whose activities have bearing on
our society, whether these institutions are businesses or not.
2. When all means of production are largely held by the private hands and the main incentive
of economic activity is the accumulation of profits, can we say that a particular state is
under Capitalism type of system
3. The relationship between the state and the market is being perceived by the role of the
state to perform the regulation in shaping the market structure.
4. Sovereign state is a political organization which possesses sovereign jurisdiction within
a defined territory and exercises its power through a set of permanent institutions.
5. Leadership Roles is a role development agency helps in shaping our economy and it also
has different roles or functions. What role of the development agencies plays a key role
in fostering a long term plan and vision for the territory or a particular place.
Answer the following questions. (2pts each)
1. In your own words, define or explain the word "Education".
- Education gives us knowledge and skills and helps us to progress in our life, one reason why it
is one of the very important things in our lives. It also makes us more confident about ourselves
and helps us to face challenges with ease.
2. What is the difference between formal and non-formal education? Give examples for better illustra-
tion.
- Formal education follows a structured education system which has program that needs to be fol-
lowed like the normal curriculum of K-12 program, while non-Formal education, it’s is a
planned program to improve a certain skill of an individual like sport or swimming classes.
3. What are the barriers to education and how it becomes a barrier or challenge to the government?
- Education become more expensive that most students tend to lean on having scholarship from
the government, with this government has to provide ample fund for those individuals that seeks
helps from them.
4. What is religion and what are the functions and dysfunction of it?
- Religion is like an organization that binds people with the same beliefs but it also gives gap and
boundaries to different group. This differences also brings conflict because these group tends to
debate that their religion and beliefs is way better than the other.
5. What are the different belief systems and how they are different from each other?
- There are lots of belief system, and few of it are religious faiths, traditions, and movements.
These system helps individual in a religion follow the beliefs and practices that a religion im-
plies
6. What is Institutionalized religion? What is the most embraced institutionalized religion in the world?
- Is religion in which belief systems and rituals are systematically arranged and formally estab-
lished. The Abrahamic religions are all largely considered organized and are considered most
embraced institutionalized religion in the world.
7. Define health. How is it important to society?
- Good Health gives people the ability to work, move, think, and interact in ways that are not lim-
ited by your physical or mental health. It is the quality that makes living things capable of func-
tioning properly, as well as society.
8. Give some Philippine folk medicine, and how is it different from the way of healing in other countries?
- There are four categories of folk medicine these are albularyo, manghihilot, medico, and magtatawas.
There are numerous healing rituals and prayers are performed by these people using the power of god
through meditation.
9. What is alternative medication and give some popular alternative medication today?
- Popular alternative treatments that are currently performed these days include acupressure, acupunc-
ture, and aromatherapy.
10. How is health a human right and what are the four elements of right to health?
- Health is a human right. It is essential for all people to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physi-
cal and mental health. The right to health includes the following four elements:
• Accessibility – the right to have access to health care services and to medical information, in-
cluding education about disease prevention and treatment.
• Quality – the right to be free of unnecessary harm and injuries caused by ineffective or unsani-
tary practices, the right to have quality health services provided by qualified personnel at an af-
fordable cost;
• Utilization – the right of everyone to use health services with safety and dignity.
• Equity – the right of all individuals and groups in society, regardless of their ability to pay for
health care services, to receive equal access and equal treatment when seeking medical assis-
tance;
Education, Religion and Health Institution
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Albularyo is a folk healer that uses prayers, bulong and orasyon as a method of healing.
2. Hilot is a concentrated method of healing and treatment applicable to injuries, fractures and
musculoskeletal conditions.
3. Pagtatawas is a process that detects illness through a method using tawas.
4. Acupressure is a form of alternative medication in which it uses fingers to treat ailments such
as tension and stress.
5. Acupuncture the use of fine needles inserted at specific points to stimulate,disperse and regu-
late the flow of vital energy.
6. Monotheism is a belief of the existence of only one god.
7. Family is considered as the oldest human institution.
8. Non Formal Education is a form of education that does not require student attendance, de-
creases in the contract between students and teachers and most of the time, activities take place
outside the institution.
9. Leisure The word school came from the Greek word schole, which means
10. Ethno medicine is also known as the study of the cross-cultural health system. A health system
encompasses many areas: perception and classification of health problems, prevention
measures, diagnosis, healing.
Social and Political Stratification
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Social Stratification It is when an individual and group are ranked in a more or less permanent
hierarchy of status.
2. Social Mobility the change or shift or movement of an individual or a group in social position.
3. Class System are people who enjoy privileges and have more access to power because of identi-
fiable physical or cultural characteristics.
4. Slavery is the most life-threatening form of legalized social inequality.
5. State System stratification that is concerned with the unequal distribution of political rewards
and inequalities in access to political offices.
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITY
Answer the following questions:
1. From your own perspective, why do you think that change exists? (1 pt)
- Change is part of the natural order of things. The reason why change exists is because there are always
people who want to embrace the new and improve their lives.
2. Explain the difference between social, political and cultural change. (2 pts)
- Social change can be caused by social movements or other events such as wars or natural disasters.
Political change occurs when the balance of power among governments or other political entities
changes. Cultural change is also related to social change but it refers to changes in behaviors, attitudes
and values within a society through time.
3. What are the factors that trigger change in society, culture and politics? (5 pts)
- There are many factors that can trigger change in society, culture and politics. The most important
factor is the growth of knowledge. The more people know about a certain subject or event, the more they
will be able to make decisions based on their own knowledge.
4. According to Anthony Giddens what are the three Models of Ethnic Integration? Explain each model.
- Assimilation is a social process where different independent groups share ideas in a single culture.
Second is melting pot where they believe that different immigrant groups will eventually melt together
in order to become fully assimilated into the dominant civilization. And last is pluralism where organi-
zations preserve their unique identities.
5. Briefly define the following: (1pt each)
a) Inter-ethnic Conflict - refer to the rigid preservation of national, cultural and religious bound- aries
between groups and collectives on the one hand, and to processes of cultural development, innovation
and societal transformation on the other.
b) Class Struggle - is tension or antagonism in society. It is said to exist because different groups of
people have different ideas and perception.
c) Armed Conflict - political struggle which include the use of military force.
d) Terrorism - the unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit
of political aims.
Social, Cultural, and Political Changes
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Social Change is any significant alteration, modification, or transformation in the way social
activities and relationships are organized.
2. Political Change is the modification or establishment of a new leadership or policies brought
about by any significant disruption in a government.
3. Conflict Theory is the theory pioneered by Karl Marx that stands for conflict as the normal and
inevitable cause of change.
4. Stadial Theory What do you call the theoretical perspective that explains that society like or-
ganisms undergo a change in a gradual and natural series of stages based on increasing com-
plexity which equates to a more advanced society as time goes on?
5. Social Scientific Concept is one of the causes of changes in which it has something to do with
drawing new creative ideas which results in a change whether manifest or latent form.
The New Challenges to Human Adaptation and Social Change
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Globalization is a process of international integration as a product of exchange of world views,
products, ideas, and other aspects of culture in which worldwide exchange of national and cultural
resources occurs in the process
2. Greenhouse Effect is one of the current effects of global warming when we experience abnormal
degrees of heat wave and heavy rainfall and will become more frequent.
3. Extreme heat a condition when there is a long pattern or trend of drying and elevated temperature
4. Mitigation is also one of the ways to address climate change that denotes any human intervention
which includes implementing policies to reduce anthropogenic emission sources and enhance
removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases.
5. Permanent Migrants is a type of migrants in which Filipino migrants are legal permanent resi-
dents abroad.
Responding to Social, Political, and Cultural Change
ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
1. Nationality refers to the position or status or status of a person in a particular country.
2. Civil Rights is a type of citizenship that refers to the rights that are segregated based on ele-
ments such as race, gender, or socio-economic status.
3. Revolutionary movement Pursue an aim to change society through challenging fundamental
values. It advocates the replacement of the existing value system
4. Social Movement defined as a more-or-less persistent and organized effort on the part of a rela-
tively large number of people to bring about or resist change.
5. Environmentalism is a movement that advocates the preservation, restoration or improve-
ment of the natural environment, especially the movement to control pollution.
