TEXT
STRUCTURE
6.53
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND
PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
MRS. LARA MADELO
ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES
INTRODUCTION
It is important to note that there is no official list of text
structures. Different writers have different lists of text structures. A
nonfiction text can have one overall text structure or several
different text structures.
2
THIS LEARNING PLAN IS DESIGNED FOR
YOU TO:
IDENTIFY THE DETERMINE THE CREATE A GRAPHIC RELATE THE ACQUIRED
DIFFERENT STRUCTURE USED ORGANIZER INFORMATION WITH
STRUCTURES OF IN A CERTAIN APPROPRIATE FOR THE ONE’S LIFE
A TEXT TEXT TEXT STRUCTURE EXPERIENCE
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WHAT IS A TEXT STRUCTURE?
INTERNAL THE STRUCTURE AUTHORS WRITE A
ORGANIZATION OF A TEXT MAY TEXT TO
OF A TEXT CHANGE MANY COMMUNICATE IDEAS;
TIMES IN A WORK THEY WILL USE A
AND WITHIN A STRUCTURE THAT
PARAGRAPH. GOES ALONG WITH THE
IDEA.
- MEYER (1985)
7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 4
chronological
COMMON TEXT
exemplification/
STRUCTURES
classification sequence
persuasion
compare cause
and and
contrast effect
problem -
solution
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CHRONOLOGICAL
ORDER
TARGET AUDIENCE = Time
COST SAVINGS = Order
Stories are told chronologically or in
order of time.
It is also known as time
order. This structure is
organized from one point
to another.
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TWO-YEAR ACTION PLAN
Draft plans Run focus groups Gather feedback
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Test with businesses Regional launch Deliver to client
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SEQUENCE
It does not take place in a specific
point in time.
This method of organizing text is
generally used in giving instructions.
Information is organized by the order it
occurs.
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SEQUENCE
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CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER VS. SEQUENCE
CHRONOLOGICAL
- Texts organized - Texts describing
chronologically processes or
occur AT A sequences DO
SPECIFIC TIME and NOT occur at a
SETTING specific time and
- i.e. events during setting
SEQUENCE
the Christmas party - i.e steps in
cooking spaghetti
7/1/20XX Pitch deck title 11
CAUSE AND EFFECT
Paragraphs structured
as cause-and-
effect explain reasons why
something happened or
the effects of something. A
cause-and-effect text
structure is generally used
in expository and
persuasive writing modes.
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PROBLEM-SOLUTION
This is a pattern of organization
where information in a passage is
expressed as a dilemma or
concerning issue (a problem) and
something that was, can be, or
should be done to remedy this
issue (solution or attempted
solution) is provided.
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REMEMBER!!!
Cause and effect passages
do not propose solutions to
any negative occurrences
within the passage but rather
just explain why or how they
happen.
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COMPARE AND CONTRAST
Compare and Contrast is a
text structure or pattern of
organization where the
similarities and differences of
two or more things are
explored.
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EXEMPLIFICATION
Exemplification means to provide
examples. Citing examples
supports the topic and clarifies
the general statement. A good
exemplification essay requires
using enough and detailed
examples to get the point across.
https://www.apsu.edu/writingcenter ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL PURPOSES 20
clothing them
giving names
and referring to
celebrating
themselves as
their birthdays
“mommy”
and/or “daddy
Some
people treat
animals as
part of their
family.
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CLASSIFICATION
A classification paragraph divides
things into groups, classes, or
categories. It also organizes ideas
into divisions based on criteria or
standards
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HOW DOES TEXT STRUCTURE HELP
READERS?
structure of a text The text When readers do not
can help readers structure is also have a strong
find answers to an important knowledge of the
questions component of topic of a text, they
summarizing. depend more on the
structure.
- (Cataldo & Oakhill)
LEARNING PLAN 2 IN A NUTSHELL
• Structure is an important feature of academic
writing. A well-structured text enables the reader
to follow the argument and navigate the text.
• In academic writing, a clear structure and a logical
flow are imperative to a cohesive text.
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VALUES INTEGRATION
Understanding and analyzing text structures will help
you navigate the various structures presented within
nonfiction and fiction text. Hence, this strategy will
help you improve reading comprehension.
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THANK YOU!!!
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