6 Go for it!
Glossary
Page 65 6.10 kneel (v) /niːl/
to move into a position with your knees on the
6.1 go for it (phr) /gəʊ fɜːr ɪt/
ground to support your body ● He knelt down
to try hard to achieve sth ● If you want to climb
beside a tree to take a photo of a bird’s nest.
Mount Olympus, join a hiking group and go for
❖
it! ❖
6.11 paddle (n) /ˈpædl/
a pole with a flat part at the end, used to
Reading Pages 66–67 push water to make a small boat move ● The
motorboat’s engine stopped so we used the
paddles to row back to the shore.
6.2 watersports (n pl) /ˈwɔːtəspɔːts/ ❖
sports that are done on or in water ● I love all
watersports, especially water-skiing and diving. 6.12 board (n) /bɔːd/
❖ a long thin piece of hard material used in
sports like surfing ● This board is used for
6.3 indoor (adj) /ˈɪndɔː(r)/ surfing and it is made of expensive material.
located or done inside a building ● In winter, ❖
we go swimming at an indoor swimming pool.
➣ indoors (adv) ❖ 6.13 challenge (n) /ˈʧælənʤ/
✎ Opp: outdoor sth difficult that tests your ability ● Sailing
across the Atlantic alone was an amazing
6.4 fit (adj) /fɪt/ challenge. ➣ challenge (v), challenging (adj)
strong and healthy because you take regular ❖
exercise ● Dad runs in the park three times a
week, so he’s very fit. ➣ fitness (n) 6.14 scuba diving (n) /ˈskuːbə ˈdaɪvɪŋ/
❖ ✎ Opp: unfit swimming underwater using a container of air
that you have on your back and a tube that you
6.5 paddleboarding (n) /ˈpædlbɔːdɪŋ/ use to breathe the air in the container ● My
a sport where you lie on a surfboard and use greatest ambition is to go scuba diving in the
your arms or stand up and use a paddle to Great Barrier Reef and see the corals, fish and
move forward ● Paddleboarding was fun, but other sea life there. ❖
I kept slipping off the board into the water.
❖ 6.15 level (n) /ˈlevl/
a particular standard; how much you know
6.6 combination (n) /kɒmbɪˈneɪʃn/ about a subject; how good you are at an
a mixture ● Surfing needs a combination of activity ● I’ve been studying English for five
balance and strength. ➣ combine (v) years and my level is quite good. ➣ level (adj)
❖ ❖
6.7 surfing (n) /ˈsɜːfɪŋ/ 6.16 including (prep) /ɪnˈkluːdɪŋ/
a sport where you stand on a board and ride having sth as part of a larger group or amount
on waves ● Surfing is popular in places like ● The child ate everything on her plate,
Hawaii, where the waves are huge. ➣ surf (v), including the spinach. ➣ include (v)
surfer (n) ❖ ❖ ✎ Opp: excluding
6.8 rowing (n) /ˈrəʊɪŋ/ 6.17 instructor (n) /ɪnˈstrʌktə/
a sport or activity of travelling in a boat using a trainer; sb who teaches you a sport ● Dan
oars ● Rowing is great exercise, especially for is a swimming instructor and gives lessons to
your arms. ➣ row (v), rower (n) ❖ children every evening at the local pool.
6.9 lie (v) /laɪ/ ➣ instruct (v), instruction (n) ❖
to be in a position in which your body is flat on 6.18 be in safe hands (phr) /biː ɪn seɪf hændz/
a surface ● The surfer was lying on the board, to not be in danger ● You are in safe hands
and when a big wave came, he stood up and because the instructor has been giving skiing
rode it. ❖ lessons for 20 years. ❖
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6.19 hire (v) /haɪə(r)/ 6.31 water-skiing (n) /wɔːtə ˈskiːɪŋ/
to rent for a short time ● You don’t have to buy a sport in which you are pulled behind a
a boat when you go on holiday. You can hire fast boat on skis ● Water-skiing is a hard sport
one for as long as you want. ❖ and many people fall in the water when they
6.20 equipment (n) /ɪˈkwɪpmənt/ first try. ➣ water-ski (v) ❖
things that are needed for an activity ● The 6.32 pull along (phr v) /pʊl əˈlɒŋ/
equipment for sports like scuba diving is very to make sb/sth move towards you because
expensive. ➣ equip (v), equipped (adj) they are attached to you or because you are
❖ holding them ● Our car broke down and it was
6.21 belt (n) /belt/ pulled along by a truck. ❖
a long narrow piece of leather or cloth that you 6.33 surfboard (n) /ˈsɜːfbɔːd/
wear around your waist ● He’s good at judo; a board used for surfing ● Get your surfboard
he has a black belt. ❖ and let’s go to the beach. The waves are great
6.22 qualified (adj) /ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd/ for surfing today. ➣ surfing, surfer (n), surf (v)
having the correct training and/or experience ❖
to do a job ● Carmen took a course to 6.34 ride the waves (phr) /raɪd ðə weɪvz/
become a qualified sailing instructor. to move on the surface of the water on a board
➣ qualify (v), qualification (n) ❖ ● Professional surfers can ride the waves for
6.23 enter a competition (phr) /ˈentər ə great distances. ❖ ✎ Syn: surf
ˌkɒmpəˈtɪʃn/ 6.35 hold on tight (phr) /həʊld ɒn taɪt/
to put your name on the list for a competition to not let go, to hold firmly ● Here we go.
● Are you going to enter the story-writing Hold on tight so you don’t fall into the sea!
competition? You might win it. ❖ ❖
6.24 enjoyment (n) /ɪnˈdʒɔɪmənt/ 6.36 life jacket (n) /laɪf ˈʤækɪt/
the feeling of pleasure from doing sth you a jacket filled with air that helps you float in
enjoy ● She gets a lot of enjoyment from water ● If you are in a boat, you should wear a
walking in the countryside. ➣ enjoy (v), life jacket in case you fall into the water.
enjoyable (adj) ❖ ❖
6.25 helmet (n) /ˈhelmɪt/ 6.37 snowboarding (n) /ˈsnəʊbɔːdɪŋ/
a hard hat that protects your head ● In the sport of moving over snow on a board
Formula 1 racing, the drivers wear helmets to ● Snowboarding is a winter sport.
protect their heads. ❖ ➣ snowboard (n), snowboarder (n)
6.26 coordination (n) /kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn/ ❖
the ability to control your movements well 6.38 try sth out (phr v) /traɪ ˈsʌmθɪŋ aʊt/
● An athlete needs to be fit and have excellent to do sth or use sth to find out if you like it
coordination. ➣ coordinate (v) ❖ ● Before you buy expensive equipment, you
6.27 ice-skating (n) /ˈaɪs skeɪtɪŋ/ can try surfing out for a day at the watersports
the sport of moving on ice, wearing special club. ❖
skates ● He fell on the ice and broke his arm 6.39 experienced (adj) /ɪkˈspɪəriənst/
the first time he went ice-skating. ➣ ice-skate (v) having skills or knowledge in a particular
❖ activity or job ● You should take her advice as
6.28 skate (n) /skeɪt/ she’s very experienced and she knows how to
a boot with a metal blade or wheels on the do things properly. ➣ experience (n, v)
bottom ● I put on my skates and went round ❖ ✎ Opp: inexperienced
and round the ice rink. ➣ skate (v), skater, 6.40 athletic (adj) /æθˈletɪk/
skating (n) ❖ physically strong and active ● Sara is a tall
6.29 ice rink (n) /aɪs rɪŋk/ athletic girl who can do heavy work on a farm.
a specially prepared surface of ice where you ➣ athlete (n), athletics (n) ❖
can skate ● It is quite cold on the ice rink, so 6.41 shoot (v) /ʃuːt/
dress warmly. ❖ to kick or throw a ball to score a goal or point
6.30 combine (v) /kəmˈbaɪn/ ● The player ran down the field, shot and
to have two or more different features scored. ➣ shot (n) ❖
● Erica combines family life and a career in
architecture. ➣ combination (n) ❖
© Cengage Learning, Inc.
6.42 helpful (adj) /ˈhelpfəl/ 6.52 yoga (n) /ˈjəʊɡə/
sb who helps, sth that is useful ● Your a type of exercise that keeps you fit and helps
tips on how to stay on the surfboard were you relax ● Yoga is a great form of exercise for
really helpful. ➣ help (v, n), helpfully (adv), all ages and it helps you to breathe better.
helpfulness (n) ❖ ❖
6.43 compete (v) /kəmˈpiːt/ 6.53 tournament (n) /ˈtɔːnəmənt/
to take part in a competition or sport a set of games where you must win to carry
● Hundreds of athletes compete for on to the next game ● The team have won the
a gold medal at the Olympic Games. first game, so they are still in the tournament.
➣ competitor (n), competition (n), competitive ❖
(adj), competitively (adv) ❖ 6.54 track (n) /træk/
6.44 instruct (v) /ɪnˈstrʌkt/ the ground you run along in a race ● He ran
to teach sb, especially a skill or process 400 metres on the track in one minute.
● The chemistry teacher instructed the ❖
students on how to do the experiment. 6.55 stick (n) /stɪk/
➣ instructor (n), instruction (n) ❖ a long piece of wood that you use to hit a ball
6.45 success (n) /sʌkˈses/ in some sports ● You hit the ball with a stick
sth you do well ● She climbed up the ladder when playing hockey. ❖
of success to become leader of her country. 6.56 pitch (n) /pɪʧ/
➣ succeed (v), successful (adj), successfully the area of grass where you play football,
(adv) ❖ hockey or rugby ● The grass on the football
6.46 champion (n) /ˈtʃæmpiən/ pitch was really wet after the heavy rain.
a person who has won a contest ● Mohammed ❖
Ali was a world heavyweight boxing champion. 6.57 court (n) /kɔːt/
➣ championship (n) ❖ the area of ground where you play basketball,
6.47 coach (n) /kəʊʧ/ volleyball, tennis, etc. ● She hit the ball across
sb who trains people to play a sport ● The the net to the other side of the volleyball court.
rowing coach made his team train every day ❖
for an hour. ➣ coach (v) ❖ 6.58 basket (n) /ˈbɑːskɪt/
6.48 regularly (adv) /ˈreɡjələli/ a net on a metal ring where the ball must go to
often ● My grandparents visit us regularly. We score points in basketball ● Ioannis caught the
see them once a month. ➣ regular (adj) ball and threw it into the basket. ❖
❖ 6.59 goal post (n) /ɡəʊl pəʊst/
6.49 occasionally (adv) /əˈkeɪʒnəli/ one of the two posts that form the area where
sometimes ● We occasionally go camping at the ball must go to score in football, hockey,
weekends, but only when the weather is good. etc. ● Leo tried to score, but the ball hit the
➣ occasional (adj) ❖ goal post and didn’t go into the net.
6.50 gymnastics (n) /dʒɪmˈnæstɪks/ ❖
a sport involving movements that need skill 6.60 match (n) /mæʧ/
and strength ● She’s very good at gymnastics a sports event ● Did you see the football
and hopes to get into the Olympic team one match between Arsenal and Liverpool on
day. ➣ gymnast (n), gym (n) ❖ Saturday? ❖
6.61 rider (n) /ˈraɪdə(r)/
sb who rides a bike or horse ● The rider fell off
Vocabulary Page 68 his motorbike as he turned the corner. ➣ ride
(v, n), riding (n) ❖
6.51 athletics (n) /æθˈletɪks/ 6.62 point (n) /pɔɪnt/
sports which are usually done on a track, a mark that counts on the score of a game or
e.g. running or jumping ● He doesn’t like ball competition ● At the end of the word game, we
games, but he enjoys athletics and is in the counted our points to see who had the best
running team. ➣ athlete (n), athletic (adj) score. ❖
❖
6.63 run (n) /rʌn/
a point scored in baseball or cricket by
running from one place to another ● India
scored 90 more runs and won the game.
➣ run (v), runner, running (n) ❖
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6.64 score (v) /skɔː/ 6.74 limit (n) /ˈlɪmɪt/
to win a point in a game or sport ● Our team the maximum point or level of sb/sth ● There
scored five goals in the match yesterday! are limits to human abilities because we can’t
➣ score, scorer (n) ❖ fly or swim under water for a long time. ➣ limit
6.65 stadium (n) /ˈsteɪdiəm/ (v) ❖
a sports ground surrounded by many seats 6.75 tough (adj) /tʌf/
● The stadium was full of fans waiting for the difficult ● The descent from the mountain was
match to begin. ❖ tough even for the experienced climbers.
6.66 official (adj) /əˈfɪʃl/ ➣ toughness (n) ❖
formal ● The team manager is travelling to 6.76 incredible (adj) /ɪnˈkredəbl/
London on official business. ➣ official (n) very difficult to believe ● It’s incredible that the
❖ passengers survived the crash. ➣ incredibly
6.67 championship (n) /ˈtʃæmpiənʃɪp/ (adv) ❖
a sports competition ● When was the last time 6.77 cope (with) (v) /kəʊp (wɪð)/
the Greek national team won the European to face; to manage to do ● Craig coped with
Football Championship? ➣ champion (n) the solo voyage across the Atlantic by listening
❖ to music and reading. ❖
6.68 interior (adj) /ɪnˈtɪəriə(r)/ 6.78 sandstorm (n) /ˈsændstɔːm/
connected with or on the inside of sth a storm in a desert in which a strong wind
● They hired an interior decorator to paint blows sand into the air ● The travellers
their bedrooms. ➣ interior (n) ❖ couldn’t cross the desert because of the
6.69 inner (adj) /ˈɪnə(r)/ sandstorm. ❖
inside or near the middle of a place ● There 6.79 penguin (n) /ˈpeŋɡwɪn/
are a lot of shops and businesses in the inner a large black and white bird that comes from
city. ❖ Antarctica ● Penguins have short wings that
6.70 league (n) /liːɡ/ they use to swim, but they can’t fly.
a group of teams of a similar level that ❖
compete with each other ● Which team do you 6.80 seal (n) /siːl/
think will be the Premier League champions a sea animal that eats fish ● The seal dived
next year? ❖ into the sea to catch fish. ❖
Places
court ice rink track Speaking Page 71
pitch stadium
6.81 competitive (adj) /kəmˈpetɪtɪv/
trying very hard to be more successful
or better than others ● Selina is very
Grammar Page 69 competitive and gets angry when she loses.
➣ compete (v), competition, competitor (n),
6.71 charge (n) /tʃɑːdʒ/ competitively (adv) ❖
the amount of money that sth costs ● The
shop will deliver your order free of charge.
➣ charge (v) ❖ Vocabulary Page 72
6.72 show sb around (phr v) /ʃəʊ ˈsʌmbədi əˈraʊnd/ 6.82 tracksuit (n) /ˈtræksuːt/
to go around with sb to show them a place a pair of trousers and a jacket or top worn for
● My aunt showed us around her new house. doing sports or relaxing ● Jane put on her
❖ tracksuit to go running in the park.
❖
6.83 workout (n) /wɜːkaʊt/
Listening Page 70 a series of physical exercises ● Ellie does a
half-hour workout every day to keep fit. ➣ work
6.73 competitor (n) /kəmˈpetɪtə(r)/ out (phr v) ❖
a person who takes part in a competition 6.84 competitively (adv) /kəmˈpetətɪvli/
● All the competitors are very good, so it will in a way that shows you are trying very hard to
be interesting to see who wins the prize. be more successful or better than others ● She
➣ compete (v), competition (n), competitive wants to win, so she plays very competitively.
(adj), competitively (adv) ❖ ➣ competitive (adj), compete (v), competition,
competitor (n) ❖
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6.85 endanger (v) /ɪnˈdeɪndʒər/ 6.96 strengthen (v) /ˈstreŋkθn/
to put sb/sth at risk ● Wildfires endanger the to make sth stronger ● These stretching
lives of animals in the forests. ➣ endangered, exercises will strengthen your arms and legs.
dangerous (adj), danger (n) ❖ ➣ strong (adj), strength (n) ❖
6.86 dangerously (adv) /ˈdeɪndʒərəsli/ 6.97 hold your breath (phr) /həʊld jɔː breθ/
in a way that involves danger ● The ship was to not breathe on purpose ● I can hold my
sailing dangerously close to the rocks. breath underwater for 40 seconds and then I
➣ dangerous (adj), endanger (v), danger (n) need to come up for air. ❖
❖
6.87 depth (n) /depθ/
the distance from the top to the bottom of sth
● The divers measured the depth of the lake.
Grammar Page 73
➣ deep (adj), deeply (adv), deepen (v) 6.98 cancel (v) /ˈkænsl/
❖ to stop an organised event from happening;
6.88 deepen (v) /ˈdiːpən/ to stop an order for sth you don’t want ● The
to become deeper; to become stronger ● The football match was cancelled because of the
longer they knew each other, the more their rain. ➣ cancellation (n) ❖
love deepened. ➣ deep (adj), deeply (adv), 6.99 on time (phr) /ɒn taɪm/
depth (n) ❖ at the time arranged ● Please arrive on time.
6.89 diver (n) /ˈdaɪvə(r)/ You mustn’t be late. ❖
a person who works underwater, usually with
special equipment; a person who dives for
pleasure ● The divers explored the ship at the
bottom of the sea. ➣ dive (v, n) ❖ Writing Pages 74–75
6.90 fitness (n) /ˈfɪtnɪs/ 6.100 independence (n) /ˌɪndɪˈpendəns/
the condition of being strong and healthy the state of being free from control by others
● People can achieve fitness if they exercise ● Daniel moved out of his parents’ house when
and eat the right food. ➣ fit (adj) he was 19 to have some independence.
❖ ➣ independent (adj), independently (adv)
6.91 freedom (n) /ˈfriːdəm/ ❖ ✎ Opp: dependence
the state of being free and not controlled by 6.101 concentrate (v) /ˈkɒnsntreɪt/
sb/sth else ● The ancient Greek cities fought to give all your attention to sth ● You
together for their freedom when the Persians can’t concentrate on your work if you’re
invaded their land. ➣ free (v, adj) also watching TV! ➣ concentration (n)
❖ ❖
6.92 free (v) /friː/ 6.102 in favour of (phr) /ɪn ˈfeɪvər əv/
to allow sb to leave prison or a place where supporting; in agreement with ● The
they have been kept against their will ● The government were not in favour of providing
men were freed after a few weeks in prison. free school meals. ❖
➣ free (adj), freely (adv), freedom (n) ✎ Opp: against
❖ 6.103 in my view (phr) /ɪn maɪ vjuː/
6.93 freely (adv) /ˈfriːli/ in my opinion ● In my view, scuba diving is a
without anyone stopping sb/sth; allowing sb/ more interesting sport than surfing.
sth to move without stopping them ● They are ❖
going to make the road wider so that traffic can 6.104 selfish (adj) /ˈselfɪʃ/
move freely. ➣ free (adj, v), freedom (n) caring only about yourself ● She didn’t have
❖ many friends because she was too selfish to
6.94 profession (n) /prəˈfeʃn/ think about anyone else’s needs. ➣ selfishness
a job ● He is a dentist by profession. (n) ❖ ✎ Opp: unselfish
➣ professional (adj, n) ❖ 6.105 in conclusion (phr) /ɪn kənˈkluːʒn/
6.95 professional (n) /prəˈfeʃənl/ finally; as a final point ● In conclusion, all the
sb who does a sport or other activity as a competitors did their best in the race.
job and earns money from it ● Doug is a ❖
professional and makes a lot of money playing 6.106 teamwork (n) /ˈtiːmwɜːk/
golf. ➣ profession (n), professional (adj) the activity of working together in a group
❖ ✎ Opp: amateur ● Building the house on time depends on
teamwork between the architect and the
builders. ❖
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6.107 pay attention (phr) /peɪ əˈtenʃn/ 6.115 archer (n) /ˈɑːtʃər/
to listen to or watch sb/sth carefully a person who shoots arrows to hit sth ● Robin
● Your performance will get better if you was a great archer who could hit whatever he
pay attention to your coach. ❖ aimed at. ➣ archery (n) ❖
6.108 violent (adj) /ˈvaɪələnt/ 6.116 arrow (n) /ˈærəʊ/
happening with a lot of force ● The violent a long thin object with a sharp end, used as
storm caused a lot of damage. ➣ violently a weapon ● Early humans used hand-made
(adv), violence (n) ❖ arrows to hunt and kill animals. ❖
6.109 boxing (n) /ˈbɒksɪŋ/ 6.117 bow (n) /bəʊ/
a sport in which two people fight each other a long curved shape with a string holding its
using their hands, which are covered with thick ends together, used as a weapon to fire arrows
gloves ● He gave up boxing as a sport when ● He picked up his bow and fired an arrow at
he got serious head injuries. ➣ boxer (n), box the deer. ❖
(v) ❖ 6.118 target (n) /ˈtɑːgɪt/
6.110 furthermore (adv) /ˌfɜːðəˈmɔː(r)/ an object that sb shoots at; a circle with a
in addition (to what was already mentioned) pattern which people aim to hit in the centre
● We can’t afford to move house. Furthermore, ● In his first archery lesson, most of his arrows
we are happy living in this flat. ❖ missed the target. ➣ target (v) ❖
✎ Syn: moreover 6.119 ancient (adj) /ˈeɪnʃənt/
6.111 moreover (adv) /mɔːrˈəʊvə(r)/ old, from a long time ago ● Ancient Greeks
in addition (to what was already mentioned) built the first Olympic stadium. ❖
● Heating our flat is inexpensive. Moreover, 6.120 successful (adj) /səkˈsesfl/
we have a great view from the balcony. very good at doing sth ● Laura became
❖ ✎ Syn: furthermore a successful artist at an early age and
6.112 sum up (phr v) /sʌm ʌp/ people around the world buy her paintings.
to state the main points of sth ● He summed ➣ succeed (v), success (n) ❖
up his ideas at the end of his talk. ✎ Opp: unsuccessful
❖ 6.121 on horseback (phr) /ɒn ˈhɔːsbæk/
riding a horse ● Before cars were invented,
Sports people used to travel on horseback.
archery handball surfing ❖
athletics paddleboarding water-skiing 6.122 secret (n) /ˈsiːkrɪt/
boxing rowing watersports information which isn’t for others to hear
ice-skating scuba diving ● I’ll only tell you what I bought Penny for
gymnastics snowboarding her birthday if you can keep a secret.
❖
People 6.123 despite (prep) /dɪsˈpaɪt/
even though ● Despite being expensive,
archer competitor professional eating out in London is very enjoyable.
champion diver ❖ ✎ Syn: in spite of
coach instructor
Sports equipment
arrow bow paddle
Video Page 76 basket
bat
goal post
glove
net
stick
6.113 mounted (adj) /ˈmaʊntɪd/ belt helmet surfboard
riding a horse ● Mounted police officers were board life jacket target
controlling the crowd in front of the town hall.
➣ mount (v) ❖
6.114 archery (n) /ˈɑːtʃəri/
the sport of shooting arrows to hit sth ● She
wanted to try archery because her hero is
Robin Hood. ➣ archer (n) ❖
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