9 Digital world

Glossary
Page 101 9.11 cube (n) /kjuːb/
square object with six sides ● The dice we
9.1 digital (adj) /ˈdɪdʒɪtəl/ used to play the game were red cubes.
showing information as electronic images ➣ cubic (adj) ❖
● Can you show me how to take a good photo
9.12 3D printer (n) /θriː diː ˈprɪntə(r)/
with my new digital camera? ❖
a machine that reproduces objects from digital
information by using layers of material ● The
protective face masks were made by a 3D
Reading  Pages 102–103 printer. ❖
9.13 bounce (v) /baʊns/
9.2 weather forecast (n) /ˈweðə fɔːkɑːst/ to hit a surface and immediately move back
a description of how sb says the weather will away from it ● It was raining so hard the water
be the next few days ● We should check the was bouncing off the road. ➣ bounce (n)
weather forecast before we go hiking. ❖ 
❖
9.14 herd (n) /hɜːd/
9.3 satellite (n) /ˈsætəlaɪt/ a group of animals ● A herd of cows came
a large device that travels in space around running towards us across the field.
Earth and sends images and sounds ● GPS ❖
satellites are in orbit thousands of miles above
the Earth. ❖ 9.15 buffalo (n) /ˈbʌfələʊ/
an animal like a very large cow or bull with
9.4 spacecraft (n) /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/ thick curved horns ● On our visit to India, we
a vehicle that travels in space ● Would you saw a herd of water buffalo beside a river.
like to travel in a spacecraft to the moon? ❖  ✎ Plural: buffalo, buffaloes
❖
9.16 stage (n) /steɪʤ/
9.5 image (n) /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ a part of a process ● The preparation for the
a picture ● The satellite took some wonderful mission to Mars is in its final stage.
images of the Earth from space. ❖ ❖
9.6 data (n) /ˈdeɪtə/ 9.17 gather (v) /ˈɡæðə(r)/
information ● We put all the data in a to collect ● Have you gathered all the
document on the computer. ❖ information you need? ❖
9.7 broadcast (v) /ˈbrɔːdkɑːst/ 9.18 GPS (n) /ʤiː piː es/
to send out a radio or TV programme ● The global positioning system, a system that shows
news is broadcast every evening at 9 p.m. ➣ where sb/sth is located using signals from
broadcast, broadcaster (n) ❖ satellites ● We didn’t get lost on holiday because
9.8 keep track of (phr) /kiːp træk əv/ our GPS told us where we were. ❖
to follow the actions of ● Jim has changed jobs 9.19 receiver (n) /rɪˈsiːvə(r)/
so many times that I can’t keep track of what a piece of equipment that picks up signals and
he’s doing. ❖ changes them to sound or images ● Most new
9.9 NASA (abbrev) /ˈnæsə/ cars now include a GPS receiver to make it
National Aeronautics and Space easy to find the best route. ➣ reception (n),
Administration, an organisation that studies receive (v) ❖
and sends people to space ● NASA, the 9.20 method (n) /ˈmeθəd/
American space agency, has sent a spacecraft a way of doing sth ● An internet search is a
to Mars. ❖ fast method of finding news or checking facts.
9.10 develop (v) /dɪˈveləp/ ➣ methodical (adj) ❖
to become bigger, more advanced, etc. 9.21 triangulation (n) /traɪˌæŋɡjuˈleɪʃn/
● Young animals have to grow and develop a way of finding a position by measuring the
and learn many things. ➣ development (n), distance between two points and the angle
developed (adj) ❖ from them to a third point ● Explorers used
triangulation to draw maps of the country.
❖ 
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9.22 precise (adj) /prɪˈsaɪs/ 9.33 server (n) /ˈsɜːvə(r)/
exact ● This clock is precise and never loses the main computer in a network ● The company
even a second. ➣ precision (n), precisely (adj) website is down because of a problem with the
❖ ✎ Opp: imprecise server. ➣ serve (v), service (n) ❖
9.23 work out (phr v) /wɜːk aʊt/ 9.34 software (n) /ˈsɒftweə(r)/
to find the answer to sth ● I didn’t use a computer programs ● When she got a new
dictionary. I worked out the meaning of the computer, she had to transfer all the software
word from the sentence. ❖ from her laptop. ❖
9.24 constantly (adv) /ˈkɒnstəntli/ 9.35 webcam (n) /ˈwebkæm/
all the time ● Technology is constantly a camera on a computer ● My grandparents
developing and when you buy the latest use their webcam so that we can see them
device, a new one appears on the market. when we talk on the laptop. ❖
➣ constant (adj) ❖ 9.36 screen (n) /skriːn/
9.25 migration (n) /maɪˈgreɪʃn/ the flat part of a television, computer,
the movement of animals or people from smartphone, etc. where the picture or
one part of the world to another to find information appears ● We bought a television
suitable living conditions ● The migration with a 42-inch screen. ❖
of people from villages to cities has led to 9.37 program (n) /ˈprəʊɡræm/
cities becoming overcrowded. ➣ migrate (v), instructions in code that control the way a
migrant (n) ❖ computer operates ● He writes computer
9.26 photographic (adj) /fəʊtəˈɡræfɪk/ programs for a living. ➣ program (v),
connected with photography ● The latest programmer (n) ❖
cameras and other photographic equipment 9.38 the World Wide Web (n) /ðə ˌwɜːld waɪd ˈweb/
can be expensive, but you might find some the system of documents on the internet that
bargains online. ➣ photograph, photography, you can search for information, pictures or
photographer (n), photograph (v) sound on a particular subject ● The majority of
❖ people around the world today have access to
9.27 battery (n) /ˈbætəri/ the World Wide Web. ❖
sth inside an engine, a radio, an MP3 player, ✎ abbrev: www
etc. that supplies electricity to make it work 9.39 install (v) /ɪnˈstɔːl/
● My watch has stopped. It needs a new to put a new program onto a computer
battery. ❖ ● You need to install an app to be able to
9.28 sea level (n) /siː ˈlevl/ read the news stories. ➣ installation (n)
the height of the sea ● The top of Mount ❖
Everest is 8,848 metres above sea level. 9.40 tablet (n) /ˈtæblət/
❖ a thin computer with a touch screen ● Tablets
9.29 man-made (adj) /mæn meɪd/ are easier to carry around than laptops.
not found in nature but made by man ❖
● Plastic is a man-made material. 9.41 crash (v) /kræʃ/
❖ fail (for computers) ● His computer crashed
9.30 the Soviet Union (n) /ðə ˈsəʊviət ˈjuːniən/ and now he has lost all his work. ➣ crash (n)
the country USSR ● Moscow was the capital of ❖
the old Soviet Union. ❖ 9.42 experiment (v) /ɪksˈperɪmənt/
to do a scientific test to find out if an idea
is true ● Some researchers experiment on
Vocabulary  Page 104 animals to test new medicines. ➣ experiment
(n), experimental (adj) ❖ 
9.31 hardware (n) /ˈhɑːdweə(r)/ 9.43 lab (n) /læb/
computer machinery and equipment a room where scientific experiments are
● My computer hardware is getting old, done ● In this lab, we do research on cancer.
so I need to buy a new hard drive. ❖ ✎ Note: lab = short form of
❖ laboratory
9.32 invention (n) /ɪnˈvenʃn/ 9.44 technophobe (n) /ˈteknəfəʊb/
sth created by sb for the first time ● The sb who dislikes or is afraid of using new
invention of the plane meant people could technology ● Dad is a complete technophobe,
travel easily to foreign countries. ➣ invent (v), who won’t even use email! ❖
inventor (n), inventive (adj) ❖

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Grammar  Page 105 9.54 entertainment (n) /ˌentəˈteɪnmənt/
activities for people to enjoy themselves ● TV
is not such a popular form of entertainment as
9.45 download (v) /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ it was in the past. ➣ entertain (v), entertaining
put a file from the internet onto your computer (adj), entertainer (n) ❖
or other device ● Sometimes Mike downloads
books to read on his tablet. ❖
9.46 hand in (phr v) /hænd ɪn/
give sth to a teacher ● ‘Please hand in your Speaking  Page 107
homework tomorrow,’ said the teacher.
9.55 electronic (adj) /ɪˌlekˈtrɒnɪk/
❖ 
working by using small parts, e.g. batteries,
9.47 smoke (n) /sməʊk/ that control an electric current ● The pilot
white, grey or black gas that is produced by told the passengers to turn off their electronic
sth burning ● There was so much smoke from devices, such as phones and laptops, for
the fire that we couldn’t breathe. ➣ smoke (v) take-off. ❖
❖
9.56 depend on (phr v) /dɪˈpend ɒn/
9.48 factory (n) /ˈfæktri/ to need help or support from sb/sth ● As a
a building where things are made ● They student, Jackie had a part-time job so she
make computer hardware in this factory. didn’t have to depend on her parents to pay
❖ for her studies. ❖
9.49 tool (n) /tuːl/ 9.57 convenient (adj) /kənˈviːnɪənt/
a device that you use to make or fix sth useful because it saves you time or does not
● Miranda took her tools out of the car to cause you problems ● Modern appliances
change the tyre. ❖ are convenient and make life much easier.
9.50 manufacturer (n) /mænjʊˈfækʧərə(r)/ ➣ convenience (n) ❖
a company that produces sth ● Fiat is an ✎ Opp: inconvenient
Italian car manufacturer. ➣ manufacture (ν, n) 9.58 value (n) /væljuː/
❖ what sth is worth compared to its cost ● The
electronic devices on this website are cheap,
Computer nouns but if they break easily, they aren’t very good
value for money. ➣ value (v), valuable (adj)
3D printer image tablet ❖ 
app lab technophobe
data screen webcam 9.59 safety (n) /ˈseɪfti/
GPS server the World Wide being safe from danger ● The rescue team is
hardware software  Web worried about the safety of some climbers after
the storm. ➣ safe (adj), save (v) ❖
9.60 emergency (n) /ɪˈmɜːdʒənsi/
Listening  Page 106 a dangerous or serious situation where you
must react quickly ● Teachers have to know
9.51 solar-powered (adj) /ˈsəʊlə ˈpaʊəd/ how to cope in an emergency, such as an
working by using energy from the sun earthquake. ❖
● There are some amazing solar-powered 9.61 definitely (adv) /ˈdefɪnətli/
cars. ➣ solar power (n) ❖ without a doubt, certainly ● We will definitely
9.52 model (n) /ˈmɒdl/ eat out on your birthday. ➣ definite (adj)
a small copy of sth ● There is a model of the ❖ 
Parthenon in the Acropolis museum. 9.62 on the whole (phr) /ɒn ðə həʊl/
❖  in general ● On the whole, I'm really happy
9.53 kit (n) /kɪt/ with my new phone. ❖
a set of parts ready to make sth ● My little
brother wants a model aircraft kit for his
birthday. ❖ .

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Vocabulary  Page 108 Grammar  Page 109
9.63 click (v) /klɪk/ 9.72 drop (v) /drɒp/
to press the computer mouse or touchpad to let or cause sth to fall ● She felt so annoyed
to choose sth on the screen ● Just click on at herself for dropping her new phone and
the screen to see the photos. ➣ click (n) breaking the screen. ➣ drop (n) ❖
❖  9.73 break into (phr v) /breɪk ˈɪntuː/
9.64 connect (v) /kəˈnekt/ to force entry into a place and steal things
join together two or more things ● If I can ● Our house was broken into and my laptop
connect to the internet, I’ll send you an email. was stolen. ❖
➣ connection (n), connected (adj) 9.74 emotion (n) /ɪˈməʊʃn/
❖ ✎ Opp: disconnect a strong feeling such as love or anger ● She
9.65 delete (v) /dɪˈliːt/ couldn’t control her emotions and she started
to remove sth, e.g. words, emails or files on crying. ➣ emotional (adj), emotionally (adv)
a computer ● Paul deleted all the emails that ❖ 
weren’t important. ❖ 9.75 invent (v) /ɪnˈvent/
9.66 drag (v) /dræɡ/ make or design sth that has not existed before
to move text or images, etc. across a computer ● Everyone knows that Alexander Graham Bell
screen by using the mouse ● Click on the photo invented the telephone. ➣ inventor, invention
and drag it into the folder. ❖ (n), inventive (adj) ❖
9.67 sign up (phr v) /saɪn ʌp/ 9.76 role (n) /rəʊl/
to put your name down to become a member the function sb/sth has ● James takes his role
or take part in sth ● I’ve just signed up for yoga as a parent very seriously. ❖
classes at the gym. ❖
9.68 upload (v) /ʌpˈləʊd/ Phrasal verbs
to transfer files from one computer to another break into depend on sign up
through the internet ● George uploaded some carry out hand in work out
holiday photos onto Instagram for his friends
to see. ❖
9.69 app (n) /æp/
a piece of software that you can use on a
device, such as a phone or tablet, to connect
Writing  Pages 110–111
directly to a particular site or play a game, 9.77 in the first place (phr) /ɪn ðə ˈfɜːt ˌpleɪs/
etc. ● Tracy checked in for her flight using the firstly ● Why do I use a smartphone? In the
app on her smartphone. ❖ first place, I need it to keep in touch with my
✎ Note: app = short form of application family. ❖
9.70 carry out (phr v) /ˈkæri aʊt/ 9.78 secondly (adv) /ˈsekəndli/
to do a task ● The scientist carried out a the second point (is) ● Secondly, the
number of experiments in the lab. landscape was beautiful, so we took loads of
❖ photos. ➣ second (adj, n) ❖
9.71 trillion (n) /ˈtrɪljən/ 9.79 in addition (phr) /ɪn əˈdɪʃn/
a million million ● The night sky was so clear also ● The river is polluted and dangerous
that we could see trillions of stars. for swimmers. In addition, fish are at risk too.
❖  ❖ 
9.80 thirdly (adv) /ˈθɜːdli/
Computer verbs the third point (is) ● Thirdly, the camera can
broadcast drag connect to the app on your phone or tablet to
click experiment upload photos. ➣ third (adj, n) ❖
connect install 9.81 lastly (adv) /ˈlɑːstli/
crash post the final point (is) ● Lastly, we were
delete upload disappointed with the picture quality on the
download screen. ➣ last (adj, n) ❖
9.82 comment (n) /ˈkɒment/
sth you say which gives an opinion on sth
● ‘Rose made some interesting comments
about the situation.’ ‘What did she say?’
➣ comment (v), commentary (n)
❖
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9.83 society (n) /səˈsaɪəti/ 9.91 inactive (adj) /ɪnˈæktɪv/
people in general, living as communities not physically active ● Pablo has become
● Technology plays an important role in inactive since he left the school basketball
modern society. ❖ team, but he wants to take up jogging soon.
9.84 real life (n) /ˌriːəl ˈlaɪf/ ➣ inactivity (n) ❖ ✎ Opp: active
what really happens, not fantasy ● He looks
like a tough guy in the posts on his Facebook
page, but in real life he’s pretty ordinary and
quiet. ➣ real-life (adj) ❖
Live well, study well 
9.85 private (adj) /ˈpraɪvət/ Page 112
sth personal that we don't share with lots of
people or maybe with anybody ● What Jack 9.92 to sb’s face (phr) /tʊ ˈsʌmbədiz feɪs/
does in his private life isn't your business. directly to sb, not to anyone else ● Anita
➣ privacy (n) ❖ made some horrible unkind comments on my
Facebook post that she wouldn’t have the
9.86 social network (n) /ˌsəʊʃl ˈnetwɜːk/ courage to say to my face. ❖
a group of people who are connected with
each other and socialise ● Kelly has a wide 9.93 post (v) /pəʊst/
social network of colleagues and friends on to write a comment or upload an image on
Facebook. ❖ the internet, especially on social media or a
personal blog ● I never post any personal
9.87 culture (n) /ˈkʌltʃə(r)/ details on Twitter. I just post the most important
the beliefs, art and way of life of a civilisation or interesting news. ➣ post (n) ❖
● When I went to Italy, I learnt a lot about
Italian food and culture. ➣ cultural (adj) 9.94 take (sth/sb) seriously (phr) /teɪk (ˈsʌmθɪŋ /
❖  ˈsʌmbədi) ˈsɪəriəsli/
to believe sb/sth is important or true ● When
9.88 medicine (n) /ˈmedsn/ Irene told us she was going to climb Mount
a substance used for treating illnesses Everest, we didn’t take her seriously.
● For me, the best medicine for a headache is ❖
aspirin. ❖
9.95 survey (n) /ˈsɜːveɪ/
9.89 living (n) /ˈlɪvɪŋ/ information you get from asking many people
a style of life ● Sleep patterns affect whether the same questions ● In a survey we did at
people have a healthy way of living. ➣ live (v), school, one hundred pupils were asked what
living, alive (adj), life (n) ❖ they thought about the facilities. ➣ survey (v)
9.90 punctuation (n) /pʌŋktʃuˈeɪʃn/ ❖
the system of using marks to separate
sentences, phrases and questions in writing
● Using incorrect punctuation, such as missing
out commas, can change the meaning of a
sentence. ➣ punctuate (v) ❖

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