TRANSPORTATION
SAFETY AND ITS
EVOLVING TECHNOLOGY
GROUP 3
ARC VILLANUEVA
CHRISTINE ANNE ARANA
BCE 412 (9836- TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERING)
UM VISION, MISSION, VALUES AND CORE
COMPETENCIES
VISION
The University of Mindanao envisions to be a leading globally engaged university
creating sustainable impact in society.
MISSION
The University of Mindanao seeks to provide a dynamic learning environment through
the highest standard of instruction, research, extension, and production in a private
non-sectarian institution committed to democratizing access to education.
CORE COMPETENCIES
Quality, affordable, and open education.
CORE VALUES
Excellence, Honesty and Integrity. Innovation, and Teamwork.
STUDENT OUTCOMES (SO)
BY THE END OF THE DISCUSSION, THE STUDENTS OF BCE 412 (9836)
SHALL HAVE THE ABILITY TO:
APPLY KNOWLEDGE OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE TO
SOLVE COMPLEX CIVIL ENGINEERING PROBLEMS
DESIGN A SYSTEM, COMPONENT, OR PROCESS TO MEET
DESIRED NEEDS WITHIN REALISTIC CONSTRAINTS, IN
ACCORDANCE WITH STANDARDS
UNDERSTAND PROFESSIONAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITY
HIGHWAY SAFETY
involves technical and behavioral components and the complexities of the
human/machine interface.
CRASHES OR ACCIDENTS
Accident is the commonly accepted word for an occurrence involving one or
more transportation vehicles in a collision that results in property damages,
injury, or death.
The National Highway Traffic Safety
Administration has suggested replacing
the word accident with the word crash
FACTORS INVOLVED IN HIGHWAY CRASHES:
Human Factors (Driver or Operator Action)
Driver actions that lead to errors.
(a) Giving traffic information in a consistent way.
(b) Not giving many pieces of information at the same
time, but presenting them one after the other in an
orderly way.
(c) Providing clues to help drivers rank the importance
of the different information
SHAPES
Circular signs are used to give orders; usually
something that you must or must not do.
Triangular signs warn drivers about upcoming hazards
or a change in the traffic flow.
Rectangular signs give you some kind of information
about what’s ahead. This could be an upcoming
junction, a tourist attraction, services or diverted traffic.
COLORS
Red signs offer a warning of some kind, similar to the
warning a triangular sign gives.
Blue signs give you some kind of instruction, whether it’s
to do with changing your speed or making you choose a
junction on a motorway.
Green signs are to give directions and are there purely
for information.
White signs are usually attached to other signs to give
further clarification.
Brown signs are solely used for tourist information.
Want to know where the local zoo or Roman fort is?
Keep an eye out for the brown signs.
THE VEHICLE CONDITION
The mechanical condition of an automobile can be
the cause of highway crashes.
THE ROADWAY CONDITION
The condition and quality of the roadway, which
includes the pavement, shoulders, intersections, and
the traffic-control system, can be a factor in a crash.
1 21 3 4
PRIMACY SPREADING CODING REDUNDACY
THE ENVIRONMENT
The physical and climatic environment surrounding
an automobile can also be a factor in the occurrence
of highway crashes; the most common
environmental factor is weather.
REASONS OF HIGHWAY FATALITY
increasing levels of disrespect for traffic control devices.
in-vehicle driving distractions.
driver impairments
poor driving skills in the younger and older driving populations.
IMPLEMENTATION OF NEW HIGHWAY
DESIGN GUIDELINES AND
COUNTERMEASURES
IMPROVED HIGHWAY DESIGN
VEHICLE OCCUPANT PROTECTION
ADVANCES IN VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES
NEW ACCIDENT COUNTERMEASURES
INFRASTRUCTURE TECHNOLOGIES
INVESTMENTS IN HIGHWAY
INFRASTRUCTURE
It is also important to realize that highways
are long-lasting investments that require
maintenance and rehabilitation at regular
intervals. The legacy of a major capital
investment in highway infrastructure is the
proportionate maintenance and
rehabilitation schedule that will follow.
CATEGORY OF INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE
Arterial and freeway Incident management and
management systems emergency response systems
traffic detectors These systems are used to give
dynamic message signs real-time information to
highway advisory radio drivers and incident
traffic signals to give safety responders
-related information
CATEGORY OF INTELLIGENT INFRASTRUCTURE
Crash Prevention and Roadway Operations and
Safety Strategies Maintenance Systems
used to warn drivers of used to optimize traffic flow
upcoming dangerous locations. while improving safety.
VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES
AND TRAFFIC CONTROL
TECHNOLOGIES
VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES
Until the 1970s, vehicle technologies evolved slowly and
often in response to mild trends in the vehicle market as
opposed to an underlying trend toward technological
development.
Beginning in the 1970s, however, three factors began a cycle
of unparalleled advances in vehicle technology that
continues to this day:
(1) government regulations on air quality, fuel efficiency, and
vehicle-occupant safety
(2) energy shortages and fuel-price increases
(3) intense competition among vehicle manufacturers (foreign
and domestic)
VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES
In recent years, consumer demand and competition
among vehicle manufacturers has resulted in the
widespread implementation of new technologies
including supplemental restraint systems, anti-lock brake
systems, traction control systems, electronic stability
control, and a host of other applications of new
technologies to improve the safety and comfort in
highway vehicles.
IMPORTANCE OF TECHNOLOGY IN
TRANSPORTATION
Evolving vehicle technologies play a critical role in the highway system.
Such technologies directly influence highway design and traffic operations, and are
critical considerations in providing high levels of mobility and safety.
It is essential that highway engineers understand how vehicle design and technology
are interrelated with highway design and operation.
It creates a space for creativity and innovation. The future of transportation will
include many innovations including self-driving cars, smart highways, and automatic
train stations that are controlled remotely by wireless networks.
ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN
TRANSPORTATION
The four pillars of future transportation are marked by the
development of ITS, or “inter-vehicular systems”.
Future technologies that will help to achieve transport in
the future include those:
1. Decrease release, caring for CO2 releases.
2. More Security to prevent road accidents.
3. Decrease costs, and improve performance.
4. Always connected, communication and Internet of things
in the vehicle.
5. Increased safety and comfort in the vehicle.
6. To decrease accidents and increase safety for drivers.
POSITIVE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY
ON TRANSPORTATION
Technology is responsible for a major positive
impact on transportation in our modern society.
Technology has increased and improved an
individual’s quality of life.
The development of technology has many
advantages, as it makes it easier to travel when one
wants to go somewhere fast and it can prevent
numerous car accidents that take place on the
highway.
HOW HAS TECHNOLOGY IMPROVED
TRANSPORTATION AND TRAVEL?
The rapid development of transportation
technology in the last century has brought more
comfort and ease to travelers, especially in the
modern era.
The development of transportation technology has
undergone great changes which have enabled us to
travel more comfortably, safely, faster and cheaper
HOW DOES TECHNOLOGY
HELP TRANSPORTATION
Technology helps transportation not only in the form of
vehicles but also in the form of airport security.
Transportation technology helps increase efficiency and
productivity.
This will make the passage of time, convenient and
comfortable.
This results in fewer traffic accidents and incidents as well
as more efficient transportation.
TRAFFIC CONTROL
TECHNOLOGIES
TRAFFIC CONTROL
TECHNOLOGIES
Intersection traffic signals are a familiar
traffic-control technology.
At signalized intersections, the trade-off
between mobility and safety is brought
into sharp focus.
Procedures for developing traffic signal
control plans (allocating green time to
conflicting traffic movements) have made
significant advances over the years.
TRAFFIC CONTROL
TECHNOLOGIES
Today, signals at critical intersections can be
designed to respond quickly to prevailing traffic
flows, groups of signals can be coordinated to
provide a smooth through-flow of traffic, and, in
some cases, computers control entire networks
of signals. In addition to traffic signal controls,
numerous safety, navigational, and congestion-
mitigation technologies are now reaching the
market under the broad heading of Intelligent
Transportation Systems (ITS).
TRAFFIC CONTROL
can be implemented in
A number of traffic control strategies
Road Network Operations in order to improve traffic flow,
prevent congestion and enhance throughput. ITS software –
supported by a wealth of real-time data enabling accurate
estimates to be made of the status of the road network – is
used to develop optimal management and control strategies
that support network policy objectives.
Control Methods include:
Urban Traffic Control (UTC)
Motorway control systems
Active Traffic Management
URBAN TRAFFIC CONTROL
refers to a package of technologies aimed at
managing and controlling traffic flowing over urban
networks – to minimize delay, maximize efficiency,
improve safety and reduce emissions and fuel
consumption.
A large part of urban traffic control involves
software to optimizing signal plans at intersections
to achieve these objectives.
MOTORWAY CONTROL SYSTEMS
systems focus on better management of motorway
segments to enhance capacity and increase
throughout.
Over the years, several Decision Support Systems
(DSS) have been proposed and developed to help
this process. These DSS can provide
recommendations to traffic operators on possible
traffic control strategies – such as dynamic route
guidance, ramp metering, changeable speed limits
and optimal signal timing.
ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Active Traffic Management has been widely
implemented in Europe, and is becoming a tool for
managing congestion (both recurring and non-
recurring), in the USA as well.
The benefits of Active Traffic Management systems
include:
ACTIVE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
increases in average throughput for congested
periods;
increases in overall capacity of 3% to 22%;
decreases in primary incidents of 3% to 30% –
and in secondary incidents of 40% to 50%;
overall harmonisation of speeds during
congested periods;
decreased headways and more uniform driver
behaviour;
increase in journey time reliability;
the ability to delay the onset of flow breakdown
with stop-start conditions.
SUMMARY
Highway safety involves technical and behavioral components and the complexities of the
human/machine interface. The most obvious reason why road safety is so important is that
many lives are at stake when you're on the road. The potential for death or a serious injury is
always a prominent risk when someone is not focused while driving. All it takes is a couple of
seconds looking away from the road.
It is also important to realize that highways are long-lasting investments that require
maintenance and rehabilitation at regular intervals. The legacy of a major capital investment in
highway infrastructure is the proportionate maintenance and rehabilitation schedule that will
follow.
Vehicle Technologies and Traffic Control Technologies have a vital role with our transportation
development. In a way, that it doesn’t only benefitted a single person but a whole community.
This also benefits air transport, land transport and railways. Also, it is essential that highway
engineers understand how vehicle design and technology are interrelated with highway design
and operation.
REFERENCES:
Mannering, F & Scott W., (2013). Principles of Highway Engineering and Traffic Analysis,
Chapter 1, (5th ed.): United States of America: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Highway Performance Monitoring Systems (HPMS) Field Manual. U.S. Department of
Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., March 2013. IEEE
Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 40, no. 1, February 1991.
Traffic Monitoring Guide. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration,
Washington, D.C., May 2001.
https://www.midrive.com/theory-test/road-signs-explained
https://m.jrpass.com/blog/how-technology-is-changing-transportation
https://topadvantagesof.com/advantages-of-modern-technology-in-transportation/
https://rno-its.piarc.org/en/its-basics-its-technologies/traffic-control-technologies
THANK YOU~
