St.

Louis College of Bulanao

Purok 6, Bulanao, Tabuk City, Kalinga 3800

This module is a requirement of the St. Louis College of Bulanao in response

to the implementation of the Blended Learning Mode of Instruction.

This Learning Materials is a property of the College of Education- Saint Louis

College of Bulanao, Tabuk City. It aims to improve / develop the integral
formation of Louisiana students

Date of Development: October , 2021

Resource Location: Bulanao, Tabuk City
Learning Area: Values Education 11
Learning Resource Type: Modules 1 for MIDTERM

GENERALS INSTRUCTIONS:
Through this module, the following instructions should be followed.
1. This module is exclusively for SLCB students only.
2. Reproduction and use of this module for any purpose is strictly
Prohibited , unless with the written permission from SLCB.
3. Read and comprehend all instructions written in the module to avoid
asking questions.

INTRODUCTION

Values Education is a distinct subject in the curriculum which is offered

in the college level, it is one of the major thrusts of the Philippine Educational
System Today that deals with the development of social, moral, and spiritual
values.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the topic, the students should be able to:
a. Discuss the nature of man, What does it mean to be a man, and to be a
person
b. Manifests in actual life an abiding faith in God.

COURSE CONTENT
. Towards being human
 The Dimension of the Human Person
. nature of human nature
 Different psychosocial models
 Psychological theories of values development.
LEARNING EXPERIENCES

After discussing the philosophy of man , one may still insist on asking:
What does it mean to be a man? What is really the nature of man? And what
does it mean to be a person?
As the saying goes,”Madali ang maging tao; mahirap magpakatao.
 Ramon Tagle in his book Towards Becoming a Man for Other describes man
to be a:
1. Being-in-the world
2. Being –at-the world
3. Being-through-others
4. Being with others
5. Being for others
6. Self-project
7. Being-unto-death
8. Being-unto- God

Man as a being at-the-world: Man exist as a being at the work in the world.
He does not only live in the world, he is an actor, adding his labors to the
world. He has the ability to appreciate, to work over the world, to transcend it;
and to break through it.

Man as a Being-Through-Others : It is “ these others” that brought him into

existence and maintains his early existence as a being-in-the-world. He cannot
grow up; he cannot work completely and efficiently except through others.

Man as a Being –With-Others: No man can ever be regarded as an island. He

has to live with others.The various needs of man point to his social nature.
Psychologist emphasize man’s 3 A’s as his major needs . Attention, Affection,
and Acceptance, However, every individual has hierarchy of needs given by
Abraham Maslow.
1. Physiological or physical needs.
2. Safety needs
3. Social needs
4. Esteem needs
5. Self-Actualization
Man as Being-for- Himself :Love for oneself is a prerequisite to loving others.
As the saying goes : “Charity begins at home.” However it should not stop
there. It must extend to others since man is also a being for others. Man learns
his “I “Through the “YOU” of others around him. It is through the affirmation
of others that man develops into a wholesome person .

Man as a Being –for-Others: One basic needs of man is the need to love and
be loved. However, the common orientation at present is not to be for others,
but for oneself.The first ultimate expression of man’s being for other is LOVE.
Elements of Love:
1. Knowledge of the person
2. Faith or trust in the person
3. Hope
4. Care/ concern for the good of the other
5. Respect
6. Responsibility
Man as a Being –unto-God: Man has different beliefs and convictions about
his existence. To any Christian, man is a Being-Unto- God. Man has four-fold
relationships in his life:
1. To the things in this world
2. To family, group and country and to the structures of these groups
3. To others, his fellowmen(kapwa)
4. To God which was made possible through Jesus Christ in John 14:6
Man as a Being-for=others, and a Being-for-God:
Philosophers say that “man was thrown” into this world.
Psychologist claim that man is born in a state of insecurity.
Sociologist argue that people tend to bind together bec. Of the insecurity in
Their environment
Theologians say that man lives in a fallen state, but has been redeemed.
Because of this , there is a certain insecurity which leads to self-centeredness
in mam, however man learns to live with others and recognize their presence in
the environment. man learns that he is on earth- on a pilgrimage. He learns
that the only way to go back home to the father is by first experiencing
becoming a man-for-others as Jesus Christ exemplified.

THE NATURE OF HUMAN NATURE

To understand the nature of human nature different psychosocial Models
can help;
1. The Psychoanalytic Model
2. The Behavioristic Model
3. The humanistic Model
4. The Existential Model

A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO UNDERSTANDING HUMAN BEHAVIOR

Loving systems can be simple or complex. However, all have certain

properties in common:
1. Structural properties- Each living system possesses parts or
subsystem which are independent and whose combined action
enable the system to function as an integrated unit.
2. Integrative Properties-Living systems have built-in tendencies to
maintain their organization and functional integrity. This Integration
is achieved by means of transactions with the surrounding
environment as well as by the inner organization’s properties of the
system itself.
3. Field Properties; Each lower- level system is part of a higher-level
system. Living system are “open systems” for they are not self-
sufficient but can continue to exist only if they can maintain
favourable transactions with their surrounding.

Other special Characteristics of human system

a. self-awareness
b. modifiability of action
c. use of symbols
d. concern with information, values and meaning
e. complexity of transactions with field
f. self-direction

PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES OF VALUES DEVELOPMENT

 psychoanalytical theory ( Sigmund Freud, 1856-1939)
-believed that the mind is responsible for both conscious and
Unconscious decisions based on drives and forces.
ID ( Unconscious ) – part of the mind which holds all of human
Kinds most basic and primal instincts.
EGO ( Preconscious) – responsible for creating balance between
Pleasure and pain.
SUPEREGO ( Conscious) –develop around age four or five,
Incorporates the morals of society.
 - Allow the mind to control its impu
lse that are looked down of society.
AGE CHALLENGE VIRTUE EXISTENTIAL QUESTION
Infancy Trust Vs. Mistrust Hope Can I trust the world ?
(0-18 Months)
Early Childhood Autonomy vs. Will It is Ok to be me ?
(2-4 Yrs) Shame/ Doubt
Preschool Age Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose It is okay for me to do,
(4-5 Yrs ) move, and act
School Age Industry vs. Competence Can I make it in the world
(5-12 Yrs ) Inferiority of people and things?
Adolescence Identity vs. Role Fidelity Who am I ?
(13-19 Yrs ) confusion Who can I be?
Early Adulthood Intimacy vs. Love Can I love ?
(20-39 Yrs ) Isolation
Adulthood Generativity vs Care Can I make my life
(40-64 Yrs) Stagnation count?
Maturity Ego Integrity vs. Wisdom Is it ok to have been me ?
(65 Death) Despair
- Has the ability to distinguish
between reality as well as what is
right and wrong.

 Behaviorist View (John B. Watson)

-The behavioural perspective suggest that the key to
understanding developing are observable behaviour and outside
stimuli in the environment.
> Psychosocial Development ( Erik H. Erikson-1909-1994)
_ Comprehensive psychoanalytic Theory that identifies a
series of 8 stages, in which a healthy developing individual
should pass through from infancy to late adulthood.
 Operant conditioning ( B.F Skinner-1904-1990)
-He believed that living beings tend to repeat the actions
which they believe give them favourable results.
_Behavior is determined by its consequences.
 Social Cognitive Learning Theory ( Albert Bandura-1925)
_People learn from one another, via observation,
Imitation and modelling.
-States that when we see the behaviour of a model
being rewarded, we are likely to imitate that behaviour.
 Cognitive Development Theory ( Jean Piaget- 1896-1980)
-His theory focuses not only on understanding how
children acquire knowledge, but also on understanding the
nature of intelligence.
-Defined four stages of development in children
1. The sensorimotor stage
2. The preoperational stage
3. The concrete operational stage
4. The formal operational stage
These stages were classified according to the abilities of the
children based upon their groups.
 Moral Development( Lawrence Kohlberg)
_Morality starts from early childhood years and can be
affected by several factors.
 _There Exist structural bases that determine the process of
perceiving value. This series of progression depends on the
person’s interaction with the environment. Moral reasoning is
related to moral behaviour.
Stages of moral Development
1. Pre-conventional= I will do what I am supposed to
do in order to avoid punishment
2. Conventional = I will do what I am supposed to do as
things work out better than everyone
3. Post-Conventional = I will do or won’t do right thing
to do.
 Socio Cultural Theory (Lev Vvgotsky)
-Insisted that children’s mind are shaped by the particular
social and historical context in which they live and by their
interactions with adults.
> Carl Rogers
-Believed that one of the most fundamental needs is that
Positive regard-being liked, warmth, being respected and
Obtaining sympathy.
-Believed that greater degrees of unconditional positive
Regard leads to better adjusted children later in life.
 Abraham Maslow
-Proposed a hierarchy of needs that represented various
Needs that motivate human behaviour
 Humanistic Theory
-the humanistic perspective contends that people have
A natural tendency to make decisions about their lives
And control behaviour. Emphasizes free will, the ability
Of humans to make choices and come to decisions about
Their lives.
 Evolutionary Theory
-The Evolutionary Theory stresses that behaviour is
strongly influenced by biology is tied to evolution, and is
characterized by critical or sensitive period(Santrock,1999)
-Evolutionary approaches grow out of the
groundbreaking work of Charles Darwin. The Evolutionary
perspective is also referred to as Ethological or Biological.
-Konrad Lorenz-the evolutionary perspective
Encompasses one of the fastest growing areas within the field
Of life span development, behavioural genetics. Behavioral
Genetics studies the effects of heredity and genetics on behavior

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EBS 21
ASSESSMENT

Reminders:
a. In your first activity. ENCODE your output and do the following given questions.
b. Deadline of submission Oct 15,2021( Friday)
c. For more information, you can contact my C.P. no. 09274169677
Activity :
Read and understand the given questions then answer it correctly & Completely .

1. Some Filipinos may choose to write their opinions in the newspaper or

lobby in the congress to express their sentiment against the reproductive
health Bill. This shows their stand and belief of a higher principle like
respect for dignity of human being. This is a characteristics of a person
in what stage of moral development is this and why?
2. Mang Sixtwo is an active member of the Barangay. He Fights corruption
In the government sytem. He helps without hesitation and does not
expect anything in return from people he helps .Mang Sixtwo is an
example of one who_______ & Why?
a. Lives up the basic value
b. Honest with oneself
c. Walks his Talks
d. Lives up to all the ideals.
3. Explain : “ Madali ang maging tao, mahirap magpakatao”
4. You are going to talk to God about yourself. What will you tell him about
yourself? Writ down every detail you will tell him.