CSI Formats and Building
Information Modeling
Federal Facilities Council
Government/Industry Forum
October 31, 2006
Roger J Grant
Director Technical Services and Development,
The Construction Specifications Institute
October 2006 1
North American Information Standards
Pre-project Preliminary
Phases Planning Design
Design Bidding Procurement Construction Operations
Conceptual
Conceptual Bid
Bid Purchasing,
Purchasing,
Processes Detailed
Detailed Design,
Design, Asset
Design,
Design, Specification,
packages,
packages, Scheduling,
Scheduling, Asset modeling,
modeling,
Cost Specification, Product
Product Cost
Cost estimate
estimate price Change Facility
Cost search, price Change Facility mgmt.
mgmt.
Planning search, selection
selection discovery mgmt
Planning discovery mgmt
UniFormat
UniFormat UniFormat
UniFormat
MasterFormat
MasterFormat
OmniClass
OmniClass
Information National
National CAD
CAD
Standards Standard
Standard
Uniform
Uniform Facility
Facility Guide
Guide Specs
Specs
Industry
Industry Foundation
Foundation Classes
Classes (ifc)
(ifc)
Open
Open Geospatial
Geospatial Consortium
Consortium (OGC)
(OGC)
Open
Open Geospatial
Geospatial Consortium
Consortium (OGC)
(OGC) Open
Open Standards
Standards Consortium
Consortium
for
for Real Estate
Real Estate (OSCRE)
(OSCRE)
National
National BIM
BIM Standard
Standard
October 2006 2
UniFormat
Elemental Classification System
A Substructure E Equipment and
A10Foundations Level 2 Furnishings
A1010 Standard
Foundations Level 3
A1010.XX Wall
F Special Construction and
Foundations Level 4 Demolition
A1010.XX Column
Foundations
Level 5 G Building Sitework
B Shell
Z General
C Interiors
D Services
October 2006 3
Work Results by Element
Materials
Properties
Source: RS Means CostWorks
October 2006 4
MasterFormat
Division Numbers and Titles
Procurement and Contracting Requirement Group:
Div. 00 Procurement and Contracting
Requirements
Work Results Specification Group:
General Requirements Subgroup
Classification System Div. 01 General Requirements
Facilities Construction Subgroup
50 Divisions Div. 02
Div. 03
Existing Conditions
Concrete
Div. 04 Masonry
Div. 05 Metals
Div. 06 Wood, Plastics, and Components
Div. 07 Thermal and Moisture Protection
Div.08 Openings
Div. 09 Finishes
Div. 10 Specialties
Div. 11 Equipment
Div. 12 Furnishings
Div. 13 Special Construction
Div. 14 Conveying Equipment
Div. 15 – 19 Reserved for Future Expansion
Facility Services Subgroup:
Div. 20 Reserved for Future Expansion
Div. 21 Fire Suppression
Div..22 Plumbing
Div. 23 HVAC
Div. 25 Integrated Automation
Div. 26 Electrical
MasterFormat is organized Div 27
Div. 28
Communications
Electronic Safety and security.
to integrate the Life-Cycle of Site and Infrastructure:
Div. 30 - 39
the Facility Process Equipment Subgroup
Div. 40 Process Integration
October 2006 Div. 41 Material Processing and handling 5
Div 43 - 49
Why Revise MasterFormat?
October 2006 6
SectionFormat
Provides a uniform approach to organizing specification text contained in a
Project Manual
PART 1 GENERAL PART 2 PRODUCTS PART 3 EXECUTION
SUMMARY MANUFACTURERS EXISTING INSTALLERS EXAMINATION
REFERENCES PRODUCTS PREPARATION
DEFINITIONS MATERIALS ERECTION
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION MANUFACTURED UNITS INSTALLATION
SUBMITTALS EQUIPMENT APPLICATION
QUALITY ASSURANCE COMPONENTS CONSTRUCTION
DELIVERY, STORAGE, ACCESSORIES REPAIR/RESTORATION RE-
AND HANDLING MIXES INSTALLATION
PROJECT/SITE* FABRICATION FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
CONDITIONS FINISHES ADJUSTING
SEQUENCING SOURCE QUALITY CONTROL CLEANING
SCHEDULING DEMONSTRATION
WARRANTY PROTECTION
SYSTEM STARTUP SCHEDULES
OWNER'S INSTRUCTIONS Materials
COMMISSIONING
MAINTENANCE
Products Properties
October 2006 7
Need – Bi-directional Information Flow and
Cross-referencing
Design Description
Designed elements
(compositon of products)
Elemental Cost Preliminary Project Outline Specs. Unit Cost est. Construction Specs.
EST. Des.
Organizational
Element categories Element categories Work result Work result Work result
structure
categories categories categories
Information - Designed elements Description of: Description of: - Labor Description of:
content & Associated costs - Designed elements, - Products - Products
- Equipment
& Associated Products - Activities - Product - Activities
- Associated - Product Req. & Associated costs - Product Req.
Requirements - Activity Req. - Activity Req.
- Other Spec. - Other Spec.
Common Information structures among various
documents
Various documents share same information structures , however, information
generated in each document cannot directly be transferred to another application or
cross-referenced
Source: Georgia Institute of Technology
Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci
October 2006 8
OmniClass – Classification System for
the Built Environment
WorkGroup 1: WorkGroup 3:
11 Construction Entities 31 Phases
by Function 32 Services
12 Construction Entities 33 Disciplines
by Form 34 Organizational
13 Spaces by Function Roles
14 Spaces by Form 35 Tools
36 Information
WorkGroup 2:
21 Elements - UniFormat WorkGroup 4:
22 Work Results – 41 Materials
MasterFormat 04 49 Properties
23 Products
October 2006 9
Relation of MasterFormat and
UniFormat to OmniClass
Construction Construction
Entities by Entities by
Spaces Form Function
Properties
by
Function
Materials
Spaces by
Form Tools
Elements & OmniClass
Design Construction Information Information
Elements
Organizational
Roles
Work Results
Disciplines MasterFormat
Products
Services Construction Work Results,
Phases
Requirements, Products,
Activities
UniFormat
Systems and
Assemblies
October 2006 10
Industry Foundation
• Set of internationally
Classes standardized
construction industry
object definitions
• Basis – integration of
Building_part
objects across project life
cycle using a single model
• IFC stores object data –
geometry, 3D dimensions,
4 location, relationships,
2 6 frame Window_frame
properties
Door Window 7
glass S[1:?] Glass
• IFC and OmniClass
intersect in Elements and
door
windows S[0:?]
Properties Table
9 relating 8 3
identification
Room_connection Room Room_id
related
International Open Standard = IFC model
October 2006 11
Building elements - Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)
IfcElement: Generalization of all components that make up an AEC product.
IfcBuildingElement: The building element comprises all elements that are
primarily part of the construction of a building, i.e., its structural and space
separating system. IfcElement IfcBuildingElement
IfcBuildingElement IfcBeam
IfcDistributionElement IfcBuildingElementComponent
IfcElectricalElement IfcBuildingElementProxy
IfcElementAssembly IfcColumn
Ifc ElementComponent IfcCovering
IfcEquipmentElement IfcCurtainWall
IfcFeatureElement IfcDoor
IfcTransportElement IfcFooting
IfcVirtualElement IfcMember
IfcPile
IfcPlate
IfcRailing
IfcRamp
IfcRampFlight
IfcRoof
IfcSlab
IfcStair
IfcStairFlight
IfcWall
IfcWallStandardCase
IfcWindow
October 2006 12
Building elements - IFC
In IFC functions are defined as properties rather than the basis of
their classification.
IfcWall objects
Property Set Attachment
(IfcRelDefinesByProperties)
Property set is
attached
Pset_WallCommon
- Is External
- Load Bearing
-Compartmentation
- Extend to structure
- ...
Source: Georgia Institute of Technology
Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci
October 2006 13
Relation of OmniClass & UniFormat to IfcElements
Currently OmniClass elements (which are very close to UniFormat
Elements) represents assemblies rather than individual elements. Thus,
some elements in OmniClass correspond to aggregation of a number of
elements in IFC such as :
OmniClass
IfcBeam Exterior Wall
OmniClass IfcWall
Floor
IfcColumn Construction OmniClass
Bearing Wall
IfcCovering
OmniClass
Roof
IfcSlab Construction OmniClass
Retaining Wall
- many to many relations
Source: Georgia Institute of Technology
Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci
October 2006 14
OmniClass elements table – Requirements for
incorporating designed elements
Identifying the designed types for elements which represents
assemblies might result in infeasible number of designed elements.
Exterior
Functional Wall
Element (defined as an
assembly)
CMU wall, with extruded CMU wall, with extruded
Designed
polystrene insulation, and polystrene insulation, and
element
brick facing exterior plaster finishing
Source: Georgia Institute of Technology
Dr. Charles Eastman, Elif Yagmur-Kilimci
October 2006 15
Taxonomies
• Taxonomies are hierarchical thesauri –
relating broader and narrower concepts
and providing terminology alternatives for
identifying these concepts
• Taxonomies can help establish a
controlled vocabulary
• OmniClass and the IFD provide a basis for
establishing a taxonomy
October 2006 16
International Framework for
Dictionaries (IFD)
Other International
BARBi Thesaurus
Other International
LexiCon
Taxonomy
International
Framework
Dictionary (IFD)
North American
OmniClass Construction
Industry Taxonomy
October 2006 17
Point–to–point Communication
A B
Communication is
Conveying meaning
A B
Message
Concepts Encoding
Communication medium
to be com- Message
municated received,
Message decoded,
formed concepts
October 2006 18
understood
Encoding of a Message
Semantics Meaning - Data model
Syntax Format
Content Instance Data
Encoding
Concepts
to be com- Message
municated formed
October 2006 19
Agree on Semantics and Syntax
Civil
Engineer • Participants can
Architect HVAC communicate using a
common language
• Any participant can
Shared communicate with
Building Structural
Owner
Semantics & Engineer any other participant
Syntax
• Facilitates high
performance teams
Facilities Lighting
Manager Designer
Construction
Manager
October 2006 20
Goal of Using Standards
RFI/RFQ,
RFI/RFQ,
Requests
Requests
Tech
Techdata,
data, Shop
Shop Op/maint.
Op/maint.
Planning,
Planning, for
for
Specs,
Specs, drawings,
drawings, manuals
manuals
Feasibility
Feasibility clarification
clarification Submittals
Submittals
Drawings
Drawings Order
Orderentry,
entry, Diagnostic
Diagnostic
Analysis
Analysis during
during
Configurators
Configurators Invoice,
Invoice, data
data
bid
bidstage
Organized
stage tracking
tracking
Transparent
Information
October 2006 21
