Santa Barbara National Comprehensive High School
SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Common Effects of Drinking Alcoholic Drinks in Students
A Research Paper in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in Practical Research 1
By:
Dian Mativo
Johanna MharieSapitan
Winnie Boy Sina-on
Trond Iturrios
KerveyBunda
March 2020
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Santa Barbara National Comprehensive High School
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Chapter 1
Introduction
The Problem and Its Background
Liquor, liquor is a strong alcoholic drinks such as whiskey, vodka, and gin
can be referred as liquor. ( www.collinsdictionary.com)
The common problem in alcoholic drinks right now is alcohol addiction.
Even people who drink too much only on one occasion can feel how alcohol
affects their minds and bodies. People who drink too much on a regular basis or
become addicted to alcohol often experience far more life-altering effects as time
passes. Some people may even find relationships, careers, and other major parts
of their lives are falling apart because of how alcohol has affected their moon,
their behavior, and more importantly, their choices.
Addiction is a complex condition, a brain disease that is manifested by
compulsive substance use despite harmful consequence. People with addiction
(severe substance use disorder) have an intense focus on using a certain
substance(s), such as alcohol or drugs, to the point that it takes over their life.
They keep using alcohol or a drug even when they know it will cause
problems. Yet a number of effective treatments are available and people can
recover from addiction and lead to normal, productive life.
People with addictive disorders may be aware of their problem, but be
unable to stop it even if they want to. The addiction may causehealth problems
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at work and with family members and friends. The misuse of alcohol is leading
cause of preventable illness and premature death. (Parekh, 2017)
Drinking too much even once can cause people to make poor choices.
When individuals drink, alcohol begins to interfere with the communication
pathways in the brain, which can cause moon swings, memory lapses, changes
in behavior, loss of coordination, and an inability to think clearly. The more they
drink, the more alcohol addiction symptoms affect those parts of the brain. If
people drink enough, they can lose control of these functions completely. This
can make them blackout, fall unconscious, or even die. (Lakeview Health, 2019).
The main objective of this study is to determine the negative effects/
Disadvantage of drinking alcoholic beverages in order to give awareness to
people the effects of liquor.
Theoretical Perspective
The following paper investigates some of the many theories used to
explain underlying reasons contributing to SHS students or Students of Santa
Barbara National Comprehensive High School (SBNCHS)drinking. Reasons for
student drinking include escape from reality, social discomfort, former child
abuse and neglect, and specific personality types. After reviewing various
theories of addiction, this paper uses a deductive approach to identify the three
theories most relevant student binge drinking: the social learning theory, the
behavioral theory, and the personality theory. From social reasons to behavioral
and
personality related reasons, students drink to be more social and to cope with
stress, but these rewards do not come without risks. The ability of theory to
adapt to address the unique needs of individuals makes it an important, albeit
underused tool. Using theory to inform intervention strategies, then, is essential
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for developing effective treatment. Future research in this area should focus on
methods for integrating theory with addiction treatment. In the past, students
who don’t engage in drinking alcoholic drinks focused in improving their self so
that they can help the government in many ways. Students in the past is very
determinate to go to school every day. They do all their best so that they’ll be
successful in the near future. But in the present, students engage in this activity
because of the influence of the countries and people the around them they
engage in drinking alcoholic drinks that can interfere in their studies.
Theory- Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism
10 years ago, there were no psychological theories of alcoholism so much
as there was an idea that alcoholism was an outcropping of one or another
personality type or psychological conflict. This volume presents different
psychological elements in alcoholism and theories underlining a variety of
sources of the motivation to drink. The volume is thus a sign of the maturing of
psychology’s view of alcoholism and of the creation of real bodies of data and a
firm foundation for understanding alcoholism from a psychological perspective.
Purpose Statement
According to CasselburyK. Many of the disadvantages of alcohol appear
when you round the curve from drinking moderately to drinking heavily or binge
drinking. Heavy drinking can lead to inflammation of the liver, known as alcoholic
hepatitis, and cirrhosis, or scarring of the liver. It also increases blood pressure,
can damage the heart muscle and potentially plays a role in the development of
several cancers, including breast, colon, mouth and liver, says Harvard.
In addition, heavy drinking increases the risk for osteoporosis, particularly
in young women. Alcohol can disrupt sleep patterns and lead to weight gain,
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given that it serves up 7 calories per gram without offering any nutrient along
with it.
Another disadvantage of alcohol is that it can cloud your judgement,
paving the way for destructive decisions such as getting behind the wheel of a
car, says the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. In excess, alcohol can
cause alcohol poisoning, a medical emergency resulting from high blood alcohol
levels.
(https://www.livestrong.com/article/517854-the-advantages-disadvantages-of-
drinking-alcoholic-beverages/)
Assumptions of the Study
This study is sought to answer the question that follow:
1. What are the types of alcoholic drinks do people usually drinks?
2. Why do people engage in drinking alcoholic drinks?
3. What will happen to them if they start drinking alcoholic drinks?
4. What are the effects of drinking to these people?
5. It is assumed that they start a problematic action that it’s not comfortable
for everyone.
Scope and Delimitation
This study involves the alcoholic students of SBNCHS. The study is
conducted only inside the campus. This study started on January 8, 2020. The
purpose of this study is to let the alcoholic students of SBNCHS to be aware of all
the possible effects of the alcoholic drinks, that they take to their body.
Significance of the Study
Students- Students can benefit from this study because this study can
educate them how to control their alcohol intake and also, they will be aware of
the effects of drinking liquors, especially the negative effects.
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Parents- this study wiil benefit those parents who have long term
addictions. They will be educated on how to control their alcohol intake.
All of the potential benefits may affect the health of any individual. Too
much consumption of any alcohol drinks may increase the risk of having disease.
At the end of this study, there will be an additional knowledge on how to control
and minimize the use of alcohol beverages and how to reduce the risks having
serious diseases.
Teenagers in the study we found that teenagers may help each other to
minimize alcohol-related harm and teenager; peer group should thus be
considered a resource of health promotion. The parents should give their
children a proper guidance and good discipline. With the help of all treatments,
this may result a good opportunity to start their new life.
Elderly the study of the elderlies show that excessive alcohol
consumption may increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia, but
low to moderate alcohol intake may protect against cognitive decline and
dementia and provide cardiovascular benefits.
Teacher- In this study the teacher can benefit because in this study they
will know the effects of drinking liquor and they can educate their students about
this matter.
LGU- The LGU can benefit in this study because through this study they
will know the possible solutions to those who are addicted to alcoholic drink and
they can do something about it.
Future Researcher- future researchers can use this study as guide for
their research if their research study is somewhat connected in this study.
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Definition of Terms
Liquor- an alcoholic; especially: a strong alcoholic drink
Effect- a change that results when something is done or happens: an
event, condition, or state of affairs that is produced by a cause
Students- a person who attends a school, college, or university
Alcoholic Hepatitis – refers to an inflammation of the liver caused by
drinking alcohol, which most likely to occur in people who drink heavily over
many years (www.mayoclinic.com).
In the study,Binge Drinking: A major cause of alcohol poisoning. A
pattern of heavy drinking when a male rapidly consumes five or more alcoholic
drinks within two hours, or female rapidly consumes at least four drinks within
two hours (www.mayoclinic.com).
Cirrhosis: A late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many
forms of livdert disease and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism
(www.mayoclinic.com).
Cognitive Decline: Simply means that your brain doesn’t work as well as
it used to (www.study.com).
Dementia: A chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes
caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality
changes, and impaired reasoning (www.google.com).
Cognitive Dysfunction: Refers to deficits in attention, verbal and
nonverbal learning, short-term and working memory, visual and auditory
processing, problem solving, processing speed, and motor functioning
(www.mayoclinic.com)
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Heavy Drinking: Defined as 8 or more drinks a week for women, 15 or
more for men. Heavy drinking is the third leading cause of preventable death
(www.medicalnews.com).
Longitudinal Study: Observational Research method in which data is
gathered for the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time
(whatis.techtarget.com).
Osteoporosis: A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and
fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency
of calcium or vitamins D (www.google.com).
Social Influences: Is the change in behavior that one person causes in
another, intentionally or unintentionally, as a result of the way the changed
person perceives themselves in relationships to the influencer, other people and
society in general. Three areas of social influence are conformity, compliance and
obedience (changingminds.org).
Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
Chapter II, Review of Related Literature, includes studies and concepts
related to the study. These were taken from sources in the local and
international context which are applicable to the study to give light to the
variables included.
Adolescence and Alcohol: A Review of the Literature
According to Skala K. et al. Neuropsychiatrist 2013, Up to two thirds of
adolescents consume alcohol and about a quarter engage in abusive behaviors at
some point. Many users begin alcohol use at young ages, and binge drinking is a
dominant pattern for a proportion of youth. Because neurogenesis is inhibited by
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ethanol, consequences of adolescent alcohol abuse include changes in brain
development and impairment of neurocognitive performance. VARIETY OF
MENTAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL problems are also often witnessed in alcohol
abusing youth. Apart from the influence exerted by genetic and psychosocial
factors, the chance of developing problematic alcohol consumption is increased
by consumption in a binge drinking manner and by first contact with alcohol at a
young age. Discrimination of alcohol consumption within the frames of normal
adolescent behavior from problematic use is still a challenging issue. Different
prevention programs provide treatment either directly to the adolescent, in the
context of the adolescent, in the context of the school, or within the frame of the
adolescent’s family. Although some of these efforts have been shown to be
effective in reducing alcohol misuse in youth, hardly any intervention reveals
satisfactory outcomes in a long-term prospect. Successful prevention strategies
would need to comprise treatment of current neuropsychological impairment as
well as of comorbidity mental health problems and concurrent other substance
misuse.
No safe level of alcohol, new study concludes
According to University of Washington School of Medicine (2018). The
study was published in the international medical journal The Lancet, shows that
in 2016, nearly 3 million deaths globally were attributed to alcohol use, including
12 percent of deaths in males between the ages of 15 and 49.
“The health risks associated with alcohol are massive,” said Dr.
Emmanuela Gakidou of the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the
University of Washington and the senior author of the study. “Our findings are
consistent with other recent research, which found clear and convincing
correlation between drinking and premature death, cancer, and cardiovascular
problems. Zero alcohol consumption minimizes the overall risk of health loss.”
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Gakidou is a professor of health metrics sciences at the UW School of Medicine,
and of global health at the UW School of Public Health.
The study does not distinguish between beer, wine, and liquor due to a
lack of evidence when estimating the disease burden, Gakidou said. However,
researchers used data on all alcohol-related deaths generally and related health
outcomes to determine their conclusions.
Alcohol use patterns vary widely by country and by sex, average
consumption per drinker, and the attributable disease burden. Globally, more
than 2 billion people were current drinkers in 2016; 63% were male.
“Average consumption” refers to a standard drink, defined in the study as
10 grams of pure alcohol, consumed by a person daily.
“Standard drinks” are different by country. For example, in the United
Kingdom a standard drink is 8 grams of alcohol, whereas in Australia, The United
States, and Japan, it is 10 grams, 14 grams, and 20 grams, respectively.
“We now understand that alcohol is one of the major causes of death in
the world today,” said Lancet Editor Richard Horton. “We need to act now. We
need to act urgently to prevent these millions of deaths. And we can.”
Chapter 3
Research Methodology
Research Design
This study attempted to determine the effects of drinking liquors in
students of Santa Barbara National Comprehensive High School this further
attempted to find out the experiences of students who is drinking liquors at a
young age.
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The research design used in the study is Phenomelogical which focuses on
obtaining the effects of drinking liquors in students of SBNCHS.
Response of the Study
The respondent includes the students of SBNCHS who are alcoholic
drinkers. These respondents are composed of SHS learners of SBNCHS. This
study will conduct in Santa Barbara Comprehensive High School.
Data-Gathering Instrument
The instruments used in gathering data were interview and observation.
The questions addressed are concerned with the effects of alcohol beverages to
the students body. The research will use individual interview since it protects the
privacy of the respondents and the data is highly confidential.
Validity and Reliability of the Questionnaire
Data-Gathering Procedures
Since the study asked for the data on the effects of drinking Liquors to
students, the method used to gather these data was interview in written form.
The questions addressed are concerned with the effects of drinking Liquor to
students. The research we made use of individual interview to protect the
privacy of the respondents and to secure confidentiality of the data.
Chapter 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation
In this chapter we will know what is the reason why the informants'
engage in Drinking Liquor. Their answer will serve as a support in every question
below.
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In what age did you start drinking liquor?
First Respondent:
“I started drinking alcoholic drinks or Liquor in the age of 15"
Second Respondent:
“My age when i start drinking liquor is when i was 16 years old"
In their statement they start drinking in Grade 9 or 10 were also many students
engage in drinking liquor not just drinking but also other vices that can affect
their personality or performance in school.
<<<<<<<<<<<<
What is the reason that you still continue drinking liquor?
First Respondent:
"The reason why I still continue drinking liquor is for me to make time faster
with my cousins/friends and also to enjoy life"
Second Respondent:
"The reason why I still continue drinking alcohol is because I tend to use it as
a way to forget, for a while, certain problems I have in my life"
They have the same solution for their problems. Through drinking liquor it
can help them forget problems, make time faster, and to have an enjoyable time
of their lives. The effect of liquor is not just bad it also helps people in a good
way but it can slightly change their personality.
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Summary of Findings
This research is made to clarify the students who is engaged in drinking
alcoholic drinks/liquors the common effects of drinking alcoholic drinks to
students. Specifically, this study will be answering the following questions:
1. What are the common effects of drinking alcoholic liquors?
2. What are the common reasons why students start the drink alcohol?
3. What are the effects of drinking alcoholic liquors to your academic
performance
4. What can you advise to your fellow students who are not yet engaged
in drinking alcoholic liquors and for those who already engaged?
The research study was conducted through the form of individual
interview in written form to two Senior High School Students who enrolled in
Santa Barbara National Comprehensive High School. The responses of the
informants were based on the interview sheet given by the researchers and were
transcribe and subjected content analysis.
All in all, there are two reasons why students engaged in drinking. First is
the influence of their cousins which are years older than them; second is that for
having fun, make bonds with friends and enjoying life.
Based from the data collected, it was revealed that engaging in drinking
alcoholic liquors will somehow affect the academic performances of all of those
who engage in it. There were some who are affected a little bit but generally, it
has an effect in academic performance with their supporting statement
that,<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Chapter 5
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Conclusion
Based from the findings of the study, it was concluded that drinking liquor
does not affect the academic performance of the SHS students of SBNCHS. The
students in the Academic Track and TVL Track have the capability to maintain
their average grade in their 1st semester.
The average age of the students started drinking was 16 years old and
mainly they'd engaged themselves in drinking liquor because of the influence of
their relatives. And as for the respondents from the TVL track, the first
respondent was always late in passing outputs and oftentimes absent in going to
school. The second respondent often late and had changes in terms of attitude in
going to school. What they had in common was, they still were able to pass their
outputs to their teachers and having no changes in their written exam.
But the respondent from the Academic track did not had any issues
concerning in academic performance. The respondent only drinks occasionally
and whenever there is free time.
In terms of the respondents’ reason for drinking, their answers were
different from each other. The first respondent's reason for drinking was to make
time faster, bond with relatives and enjoy life. While the second respondent said
that the reason was only for happiness and bonding with cousins. And the last
respondent's reason was to forget, for a while, because of certain life problems.
Regarding to the behavior and the experiences of the respondents after
drinking liquor, the respondents from the TVL track cannot control their
emotions, had sensitive feelings, started a fight and had a road/vehicular
accident. While the respondent from the Academic track did not had any changes
in behavior or engaged in accidents because of the certain amount of alcohol
drank.
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After finding enough information from the respondents, it is concluded
that drinking liquor has both negative and positive effects on the students.
Drinking liquor can ease the respondents' problems and can make them enjoy
their lives. However, it can also lead to incidents, but the overall conclusion is
that the academic performances of the students are not affected by drinking
alcohol.
Recommendations
In the view of the findings and conclusion, the following were
recommended:
Students- they must learn how to be responsible, lessen their alcohol
intake, and for those who are already addicted in liquor, they must tell the one's
who can help them to conquer it.
Parents: they should always discipline their children and always be there
whenever their children is facing a lot of problems.
Teachers: they should always remind their student to be responsible and
drink moderately because liquors have many negative effects on our body.
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