Art Appreciation Prelims (❛ ֊ ❛„)♡

rkd & dale｜BSN 2G｜Ma’am Amelita Grumo

○ Techniques used by the artist

Art Appreciation: An Introduction ○ Effects, purpose, quality
○ Time period, setting, location
Outline ○ Culture influence, colonial mentality, how modern
I. Elements and Principles of Art culture influence art
II. Purpose of Art ○ What emotions and feelings are brought up
III. Definition of Art
IV. Functions of Art PURPOSE OF ART
● What is art? ● Religious ritual
○ Self-expression of emotion, creativity, thinking, ○ Serves religion
interaction, and communication ○ Before, the church was the primary patron of
artists
ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES OF ART
● Commemoration of an important event or person
○ Historical importance
● Propaganda or social commentary
○ To persuade
○ To convince masses of people to accept beliefs,
actions, and follow leaders
○ Gives awareness
● Recording of visual data
○ Questions how?
○ It tells the truth
● Creating beauty
● Storytelling
- Helps in analyzing and interpreting an art ○ Sequences of panels used to tell stories from
● Line scriptures (before)
● Shape - there are many types and sizes
● Intense emotion
● Color - can be bright, dull, or light
○ Expression
● Value - if too dark or light
○ There is art in expressing emotions
● Form - dimensions and taking up space
○ Expressive power of art
● Texture - how something feels and looks
● Space - there is an illusion to make space ● Innovation
● Balance - comfortable arrangement of things ○ One purpose of art is to innovate something
● Contrast - the difference in elements in an artwork ○ Central meaning relays to renewal
● Emphasis - local area ○ It is necessary for people to change
● Movement - how we get around in a work of art ○ Mas be seen as something new
● Pattern - decoration, repeated units ○ Mindset of renewing
● Rhythm - repetition of shape, lines, and forms ○ Not starting from scratch
● Unity - all is in harmony DEFINITION OF ART
● The arts are available in every place.
● It should all be labeled art in our environment.
● According to scientific studies, the influence of art on
the brain impacts the human quality of life.
● HUMANITIES is the Latin term “Humanus,” meaning
educated, human, cultured, and refined.
● Art is a human ability, quality, and capacity
○ Dancing, literature, music, painting, etc.
● Humanities is a discipline of study that deals with
people’s thoughts, feelings, and relationships.
○ These are interested in how their feelings are
○ Answer how and why communicated.
○ A matter of analysis, description, interpretation, and
evaluation of an art
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 ○ Is also the study of different cultural aspects of
Political Function
man, his frailties in life, and the improvement it
has to undergo. ● Art provides a platform for exchanging ideas to
○ Humanities would help uplift our value and increase power, position, employment, and prestige
community
Historical Function
● Art comes from the Latin word “Arti”, which means
skill, naiveté, and mastery. There are stages to ● Art is an essential tool for recording and preserving
consider (Ramos and Obiena, 2020) information
● To record and recreate past individuals and events
The following stages are essential to showcase your
creativity as an artist: Cultural Function
● Art is the expression and dissemination of new ideas
1. Development Stage (Creation Stage) and values
● Artists create their artwork through thinking
● Artists are sensitive and are aware of what is in Structural/Physical Function
their surroundings ● Buildings are planned and built-in innovative ways to
● Artist appreciate people by employing their make living safer and more meaningful
creative imagination
Religious/Spiritual Function
2. Adaptation Stage (Materials Creation)
● Religious value can be bolstered through the arts
● In this stage, the artist frequently uses various
● For representation
mediums or materials to convey an idea
● What is used Aesthetic Function
○ Ex. for authors, they use words. For ● Any work of art is beautiful
choreographers, they use movements and ● It’s a visual flavor for ornately decorated interiors that
people can highlight the most beautiful qualities of various
3. Completion Stage (Form Creation) decor pieces
● The variety of forms artists employ to
● Art is like love; it’s not easy to define
communicate their ideas
● Art requires the creativity of a particular person, and
● Artists have developed various forms that can be
creativity is defined as the fundamental basis of arts
considered their finished products.
● It is viewed as a form of artistic expression that is PURPOSE OF ARTS
classified as fine art ★ Creates Beauty
● This form is used to describe the artwork’s physical ● Art is a way for us to express ourselves
characteristics
★ Commemorates Experience
● Arts can be used for a variety of purposes in addition
● Is the purpose of art that is used to transmitting the
to deign
artist’s personal experiences and record the artist’s
FUNCTION OF ARTS impressions in his work.
● The functions of arts refer to the intended utilization ★ Creates Harmony
of the artwork and have major classification ● The artist uses composition as a technique used by
according to functional and non-functional artists to organize the disparate elements of their
● Functional is according to its usefulness works.
★ Provides Decoration
Individual or Personal Function
● Artworks help to create a fun atmosphere
● An artist acts because they are passionate about the ● Its purpose is to beautify objects to satisfy and
art genre in question entertain visitors with their colors and patterns.
● Art is a form of self expression and fulfillment
★ Reveals Truth
Public/Social Function ● Artworks aimed to demonstrate how the world
● These go beyond the inherent value of the arts to the works and to seek certainty, fact, or truth.
social benefits they provide ● A language that transmits signals to viewer’s spirits
● Through the performance of their art, the artist in changing their attitude, sensitivity, and ethics
engages with others and raises societal ★ Expresses Values
consciousness ● Artists will be encouraged to enhance their
creativity, challenge, and communication skills
Commercial Function
through the arts
● Art contributes to the state’s economy directly and ● Boosting one’s self-esteem and health
indirectly
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 Aesthetic Arts and Crafts

Outline
I. Arts and Crafts Types
II. The Principle of Arts

● The word “esthetic,” meaning perception, is derived

from the Greek word “eisthesis.” 2. Wood Crafts
● Alexander Baumgarten, a German philosopher, ● It is a skill that is related to the woods.
popularized it in the 18th century, a science ● The following are examples of woodcrafts:
dedicated to studying art and beauty (1714-1762). a. Carpentry
● The laws that regulate nature and beauty, especially b. Marquetry - applied veneer
visual art, are thus referred to as esthetic arts (Rader, c. Woodturning
1979). d. Wood carving - sala sets
● On the other side, the phrase “Handwerk” comes e. Cabinetry - in kitchens, bedrooms
from the English word Kraft (Craft), meaning f. Upholstery - dining sets
“power” or “capacity.”
● Due to the design reform of William Morris, arts &
crafts arose throughout Europe during the 19th
century.
○ If crafts are common/mass-produced, they can 3. Metal Crafts
be classified as industrial design.
● These terms allude to creating artistic metal designs
● Morris, a communist, felt a designer should produce
for practical and aesthetic objectives.
finely interwoven designs using any medium for fruit,
● Among Asian metal crafts, metalwork offers
flower, or leaf pattern.
elaborate and exciting designs.
ARTS AND CRAFTS TYPES ● The following crafts are also included:
a. Jewelry
1. Textile Craft
b. Metal Casting - iron, aluminum, copper, glass,
● Many countries are noted for their traditional textiles, bronze
including unique designs that reflect their culture. c. Welded Sculpture
● Textile is derived from the Latin word texere, which
means to braid or create.
● Any craft that uses fabric, yarn, or surface design
● Makes practical or ornamental items out of synthetic
fibers. 4. Paper Craft
● These crafts include the following: ● It’s a tough plain-woven fabric that’s used to make
a. Cross-stitch - thread embroidery; x-shaped backpacks, tents, marquees, and other
pattern is used environmently friendly things.
b. Crocket - creates fabric from yarn or thread using ● The following crafts are also included:
a crochet hook a. Bookbinding
c. Sewing - using a machine or manual. Attaching b. Card making
objects using needle and thread c. Collage
d. Weaving - Fabric-making technique that involves d. Origami - one of the cultural design of Japan
interlacing threads e. Paper Mache
e. Tatting - a handcrafting skill that entails knotting f. Scrapbooking
f. Shoemaking - skill/ability of an individual to create g. Rubber stamping
footwear
g. Lace - hand or machine-made
h. Macrame - requires a few instruments and basic
understanding of knotting
i. Millinery - making hats 5. Plant Crafts
j. String art - simplest form of textile crafts. Uses
● These refer to a skill, using plant parts as the
coloured string or threads
medium.
● These include the following:
a. Corn dolly making
b. Floral design
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 c. Pressed flower craft ● It is a trait of an artist that will continually develop in
his life to express feelings or a way of solving
problems.
● In other words, innovation is a mindset, not a
product. It is not starting from scratch, it is developing
THE PRINCIPLE OF ART existing art by thinking differently about it.

● Principles are applied to determine the organization

and standardization of visual aspects in art. Art History and Development
● This set of criteria is essential for the study and
evaluation of art.
Outline
● The principle of art explains how an artist uses art to I. Prehistoric Arts
generate an outcome and communicate the artist’s II. Ancient Greek Arts
aim.

Basic Principle of Art: PREHISTORIC ARTS

● Are works of art created by Ancient people
1. Harmony – Visual harmony is established when all
● A significant, symbolic action of civilization
parts of one artwork are interconnected. Harmony
creates a cohesive composition by employing similar ● River Civilization (Ancient Arts)
geometric shapes, lines, and colors. Elements must ○ Arts associated with religious functions
be unified to express one entity or thought. ○ Nomadic (20,000 and 8000 B.C.) – geographical
- Each element must be unified and must hang condition.
together as one entity and each element is ○ Banks of Rivers: Mesopotamia (Tigris &
necessary to its value and essential to the work as Euphrates), Egypt (Nile), China (Yangtze), India
to the principle. (Indus & Ganges)
○ According to Leroi-Gourhan, the
2. Variety – it is a stable concoction that demonstrates
psychophysiological perceptions, religious magic,
the mixing principle.
and humanity’s techno-economic phases could
- As to the principle, there should be a dominant
allow us to understand the beginnings of art.
theme for you to base to make it more appealing,
so even if your presentation or designs will be Western Art (Primitive Age)
varied, all are related and connected. It’s done ● In western art during the primitive age, arts are
using varied lines, colors, and forms inside an related to culture, way of life, or beliefs.
artwork to draw attention to certain places or add ● Early primitive people paint animals on the wall of
visual interest. caves to have successful hunting.
3. Balance – the proportion of conflicting visual forces is ● Sculpture is associated with magical belief.
what this term alludes to. The axis or the center ● Fertility statues are made because of the belief
point is established to maintain balance. (bring many offspring or survival of human species).
- Harmony is needed for balance to be there. When ● GRAVESTONE
forms, colors, textures, or shapes are harmoniously ○ Menhirs - are monuments consisting of a single,
mixed, and the proportion of conflicting visual forces large piece of megalith (large stone that has been
is. used to construct a prehistoric structure of
4. Movement – it’s utilized to give a sense of direction monument)
to a piece of art. ○ Dolmens - are stone tables in Briton, made up of a
- Uses visual progression to draw the viewer’s number of vertical megaliths with a horizontal slob
attention to the artwork ○ Cromlechs - made of a number of megaliths in a
5. Emphasis – refers to an artist’s requirement to create concentric circle extending a wide area
a focal point inside a work of art. The paleolithic man created four different stone tools:
- The vital part of the work and the spectator’s
attention must be drawn to it. ● Pebble tools
6. Proportion – when the sizes of the elements in the ○ A rounded stone was used to strike specific shocks,
artwork are harmoniously harmonized, a proportion with a related stone used as a pounder, resulting in
is established. It shows the human form in an a serrated crest that acted as a chopping blade
appropriate proportion. ○ Consists of a single, sharpened cutting or
chopping-edge
7. Rhythm – is the application of visual patterns to a
○ Humankind’s oldest cutting device
piece of art. Repeating specific elements in a
particular part of an artwork

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 ● Remarkable civilization of ancient greek
● Bifacial tools ● Golden age of athene
○ Two-sided pre-historic stone tool flake made by ● Outstanding period of cultural achievement
hand with an ax ● Asthetic ideals
○ Axial symmetry characterizes these tools: round, ● Exhibit an intellectual order
triangular, or almond-shaped ● Follow the principle of design
○ Can be used as a knife, pix-scraper, weapon, or for ● Classical Sculpture - sculpture evolved from the
cutting; can be straight or jagged frontal and rigid “kouroi” or kouros”
● Flake tools Hellenistic Period
○ New flakes were razor-sharp when they arrived, bt ● End of the Golden age of Athens
they quickly got blunt during usage and had to be ● 404 BC - Peloponesian War (Spartans - Athenians)
sharpened again by flaking, a process known as ● 338 BC) - Alexander the great conquered greek cities
retouching
○ Usually made by smashing a tiny or large fragment MEDICAL ARTS IN EUROPE (84 BCE)
and using it as a tool ● Hand shaped cooking pots, jars, and pitchers
○ Both the core and flakes have the potential to ● The pigments are made by grinding dry powder in
produce stone tools pure water, dry, and set with a coat to become a
● Blade tools ● Lasting part of the wall
○ Lithic reduction is the process of cutting the stone ● Mosaic - early christians used mosaics in their
and making the blades. After chipping edges, they churches and cathedrals
combine into more comprehensive tools, such as ● Goldsmith and Silversmith - were excellent artists
spears. who created new shapes of jewelry
○ Made by striking along a narrow flake from a stone ● Stained glass - is seen on windows of medieval
castles, churches, and cathedrals
ANCIENT GREEK ARTS ● Illuminated manuscripts (illumination) - colorful
● Archaic Period religious text, usually in gold or silver, Illuminate is a
● Classical Period latin term which means to decorate
● Hellenistic Period ● Metalwork - metalworkers are skilled artists in
creating religious objects for church decorations
Archaic Period
● Bayeux Tapestry - it consists of eight long strips of
● Arts were influenced by the earlier civilizations of unbleached linen, sewn together to form a
Mesopotamia and Egypt. continuous panel 230 feet in length and 20 inches
● Geometric art (Pottery) high
● Archaic period focuses on nude sculpture. ● Heldrey - Specimen of coats of arms were worked
● Kouros (nude male figure of athlete) using embroidery, paper, painted wood, stonework,
● Kore (fully clad female figure) and stained glass
● Kerch Vase Painting ● Gothic Art - was a style of medieval art that
○ The standard shapes found are: developed in france out of Romanesque art in the
a. A krater - basin used to combine wine and mid-12th century
water; for mixing ○ Gothic art was influenced by the philosophy of
b. Lebesgamikos - a kind of container with high religion (St. Thomas’ “Summa theologia”)
handles and lead used to carry a bridal bath
c. Lekanis - low bowl with two-level grips and a RENAISSANCE ART (15TH CENTURY ART)
small broad foot ● Gave emphasis on man as the measure of all things
d. Pelike - wine container (homocentric)
● Panel Painting - it is well-known for its exquisite ● The ideals of classicism became the artistic
altarpieces. standards of the renaissance orders
○ This painting is done on a little primary wood or a ● Painting and sculpture subjects remained religious by
metal board joined together. nature (classical mythology)
● Tomb/ Wall Painting - The fresco was created using ● Versatile Men of Renaissance
an encaustic (wax) or tempera (water-based) ○ Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci
medium in ancient times. ○ Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni
○ Designed by soaking grind powder stains and clean Baroque Art
water, and setting them with plaster to create an
● The term baroque is derived from the Italian word
ordinary wall.
“Barucco” which means “opposing” or “contradicting”
Classical Period

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● Around 1600, this art form emerged in Italy and
Outline
Rome, and by the XVII and XVIII centuries, it haad I. Visual Arts
spread throughout the Europe II. Performing Arts
● Realism is one of this style’s features III. Literary Arts

Rococo Art (1730)

VISUAL ARTS
● With curving lines and soft nuances, Rococo art
● The visual arts are art forms that create works that
depicts romantic encounters such as scenes of love,
are primarily visual in nature.
nature, light-hearted pleasure, and young people
● Rococo is about developed design, artificial works, A. Painting
and pierced shell works, and it evolved in France in ○ Practice by applying colors or other media to a
the early 18th century due to baroque art’s rigorous surface with a brush or other objects.
rules and symmetry B. Sculpture
○ This form of visual arts characterized as the art of
Neoclassicism (1710-1830)
representing an image or observed objects in a
● Neoclassicism returns the classic notions and hard material such as glass, metals, or woods in
influences in arts from ancient Greece and Rome’s three dimensions.
traditional art and culture
C. Architecture
Romanticism Art ○ Provides the physical structure we lived in.
● In the early 1800s, Europe was born with D. Drawing
romanticism, a creative, musical, and scholarly ○ Enhances the way we see the world and
movement conditions us to capture its details in
● It supports the Medieval above the classical, which two-dimensional medium
emphasizes emotion, glory, and individualism in all E. Photography
things past and current. By 1760 English artists ○ A form of art that has a process of creating
adopted romanticism, representing the chaos and portraits by recording radiation on a
storms of nature in their countryside radiation-sensitive medium such as electronic
Realism (1850-1990) image sensor.
● Following the french revolution of 18, 8, realism PERFORMING ARTS
became a popular artistic movement in the 1850s.
● An art wherein an artist uses body, face, and
The doctrine of realism asserts that material items
presence as a medium.
are authentic and exist. Realists have attempted to
represent individuals from all social groups by A. Theatre (Drama)
addressing shared challenges and events in the ○ A form of art that uses performers to present the
current world experience of a real or imagined event before a
live audience in a specific time and place
Impressionism (1874)
B. Music
● Impressionism was a french art movement of the ○ A form of art that helps to express ones mood and
19th century that marked a significant departure from feel the way through emotions and ideas
the history of European painting. Impressionist art is
C. Dance
a painting where the painter captures an object as
○ A form of art that is expressed through a body
someone who just saw it might appear
movement
● In the 20th century, France came with Fauvism’s
painting tend. D. Film
● In the period of impressionism, fauve artists used ○ A form of arr that is literary done but are brought
brilliantly and pure color to depict their answers to to life by actors to work out emotions that are
nature by fiercely applying the paint tubes to produce basically from human situation and experiences
the illusion of an explosion on a flat surface E. Installation art
● In 1905, Louis Vauxcelles, a well-known French ○ The fundamental nature of this form of art is the
Jewish art critic, coined; Fauves; to describe Henry participation of the spectators. In this work of art,
Matisses and Andre Derain’s vibrant, non-naturalistic viewers become active and navigate the work in
paintings. Critics coined the following as an an environment that they can experience visually.
avant-grade movement It also has the capacity of passing on particular
information about any significant event around the
world and interactively represents documentary
Classifications of Arts
issues

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 F. Opera
○ This form of art helps to tell stories through music.
This is also performed with a full orchestra
composed of the various musical instrument
sections. In this art form, singers and musicians
perform a dramatic work by combining text
(Called libretto) and musical score
G. Stagecraft
○ This form of art is a technical aspect of theatrical
production. This includes constructing and
arranging scenery, hanging, and focusing of
lighting, the design of costumes, makeup, and
procurement of props, stage management and
mixing and recording of sounds

LITERACY ARTS
● These arts centered on creative writing and other
composition processes which were intended to read.
These include prose and poetry (e.g. novels, short
stories, sonnet, ballad, epic, and essay)