Mithun Technologies Tomcat Server Author Mithun Reddy L
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Tomcat
Introduction
Tomcat or Apache Tomcat is a light weight, open source web container used to deploy and
running the java based web applications, developed by Apache Software Foundation (ASF).
What is Webserver?
A Web server is a program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) protocol to serves web
content (HTML and static content) to users.
Examples
Apache HTTP server
Nginx (pronounced engine X)
IBM HTTP server (IHS)
Oracle iplanet web server
Internet Information Server (IIS)
What is Application Server?
An application server is a container upon which you can build and expose business logic and
processes to client applications through various protocols including HTTP in a n-tier
architecture.
Examples
Apache Tomcat
JBoss/WildFly - RedHat
WebLogic - Oracle
WebSphere Application Server - IBM
WebSphere Liberty Profile - IBM
Galssfish
Tomcat installation
Tomcat software will available as a zip file. So, we can unzip it and use as follows.
Step 1: Create the folder called Apache in any directory and Unzip apache software into that
folder.
Step 2: Open the command prompt and execute the below commands.
>cd C:\DevOps\Apache\apache-tomcat-7.0.79\bin
>startup.bat (OR) > catalina.bat start ---> Starting the Tomcat server.
MAC/Linux:
sh startup.sh (OR) > sh catalina.sh start ---> Starting the Tomcat server.
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Mithun Technologies Tomcat Server Author Mithun Reddy L
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Once you execute the startup.bat, you will see below screens.
Tomcat server is started successfully.
Use the below URL and open in browser.
http://localhost:8080
Note: Tomcat by default will run in 8080 port number.
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Tomcat Directory Structure
Tomcat installation provides these directories:
bin: for Tomcat's binaries and startup scripts.
conf: global configuration applicable to all the webapps. The default installation provides:
One Policy File: catalina.policy for specifying security policy.
Two Properties Files: catalina.properties and logging.properties,
Four Configuration XML Files: server.xml (Tomcat main configuration file), web.xml
(global web application deployment descriptors), context.xml (global Tomcat-specific
configuration options) and tomcat-users.xml (a database of user, password and role for
authentication and access control).
The conf also contain a sub-directory for each engine, e.g., Catalina, which in turn contains a
sub-sub-directory for each of its hosts, e.g., localhost. You can place the host-specific context
information (similar to context.xml, but named as webapp.xml for each webapp under the host).
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Mithun Technologies Tomcat Server Author Mithun Reddy L
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lib: Keeps the JAR-file that are available to all webapps. The default installation include servlet-
api.jar (Servlet), jasper.jar (JSP) and jasper-el.jar (EL). You may also keep the JAR files of
external package here, such as MySQL JDBC driver (mysql-connector-java-5.1.{xx}-bin.jar)
and JSTL (jstl.jar and standard.jar).
logs: contains the engine logfile Catalina.{yyyy-mm-dd}.log, host logfile localhost.{yyyy-mm-
dd}.log, and other application logfiles such as manger and host-manager. The access log (created
by the AccessLogValve) is also kept here.
webapps: the default appBase - web applications base directory of the host localhost.
work: contains the translated servlet source files and classes of JSP/JSF. Organized in hierarchy
of engine name (Catalina), host name (localhost), webapp name, followed by the Java classes
package structure.
temp: temporary files.
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How to change the port number in Tomcat?
Go to the conf directory and open the server.xml and you will find below lines.
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
Replace the 8080 with any port number.
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How to stop the tomcat server?
>cd APACHE_HOME Dir\bin
>shutdown.bat (OR) > catalina.bat stop
MAC/Linux:
shutdown.sh (OR) > catalina.sh stop
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Install Tomcat in Linux
cd /opt
wget http://apache.spinellicreations.com/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.16/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.16.zip
unzip apache-tomcat-9.0.16.zip
cd /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.16/bin
chmod u+x *.sh
#sh /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.16/bin/startup.sh
ln -s /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.16/bin/startup.sh /usr/bin/startTomcat
ln -s /opt/apache-tomcat-9.0.16/bin/shutdown.sh /usr/bin/stopTomcat
For starting/stopping tomcat we will below commands
startTomcat --> Starting Tomcat
stopTomcat --> Stopping Tomcat
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Mithun Technologies Tomcat Server Author Mithun Reddy L
+91-9980923226 info@mithuntechnologies.com Web site http://mithuntechnologies.com
Admin Console
Tomcat provides a web based administration console which can be started via the following link:
http://localhost:8080/manager/html
Tomcat manager is the web application, using this we manage applications running
on tomcat. By default access is restricted to this application.
- Remove the restriction to manager application
Open the /webapps/manager/META-INF/context.xml file and
remove the <Value> .......</Value> from this file.
- Add user to access tomcat manager application as follows.
Open the tomcat-users.xml file which is available in conf directory.
# The tomcat-users.xml file should look something like this:
<tomcat-users>
<!--
<role rolename="tomcat"/>
<role rolename="role1"/>
<user username="tomcat" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat" />
<user username="role1" password="tomcat" roles="role1" />
<user username="both" password="tomcat" roles="tomcat,role1" />
-->
<!-- Note: While copy pate above line you have to remove double quotes and type manually. -->
<user username="admin" password="admin" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>
<user username="mithun" password="passw0rd" roles="manager-gui,admin-gui"/>
</tomcat-users>
Server Status & Manager App
To access the server status application and Manager app, tomcat 7 onwards below roles as
introduced.
manager-gui : allows access to the HTML GUI and the Server Status and Manager App
pages
admin-gui : allows access to the Host Manager page.
If you provide add below line in tomcat-users.xml, we will get the access for below
apps(Buttons)
<user username="admin" password="passw0rd" roles="manager-gui"/>
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Mithun Technologies Tomcat Server Author Mithun Reddy L
+91-9980923226 info@mithuntechnologies.com Web site http://mithuntechnologies.com
http://localhost:8083/manager/status
http://localhost:8083/manager/html
Host Manager
To access the host manager application, tomcat 7 onwards below roles as introduced.
admin-gui - allows access to the HTML GUI
If you provide add below line in tomcat-users.xml, we will get the access for below
apps(Buttons)
<user username="admin" password="passw0rd" roles="admin-gui"/>
http://localhost:8083/host-manager/html
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Stop the server
# ./shutdown.sh (OR) sh catalina.sh stop
Deployment
Deploying the application in Tomcat server is nothing but, putting war file in Tomcat’s
webapps directly.
For every application deployment need to restart the tomcat server.
Once the server restart, tomcat starts it will unpack the war and make the application available.
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Error 1
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Mithun Technologies Tomcat Server Author Mithun Reddy L
+91-9980923226 info@mithuntechnologies.com Web site http://mithuntechnologies.com
Solution:
If you see this error set the class path for Java.
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Error 2:
Solution:
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
By default SSLEngine=”on” , make it to off, like below.
<Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="off" />
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Tomcat Performance Tuning
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Mithun Technologies Tomcat Server Author Mithun Reddy L
+91-9980923226 info@mithuntechnologies.com Web site http://mithuntechnologies.com
References
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/setup.html ---> Installing Apache Tomcat
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/windows-service-howto.html --->Windows service
HOW-TO
https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatVersions
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