Common Word Roots
There are hundreds of Latin word roots that are used frequently with prefixes and
suffixes. This is only a partial list of the most frequently used roots. The roots with
asterisks (*) are the 14 roots that provide clues to the meaning of over 100,000 words.
Aud: to hear
Auditory, audible, audiology, audiotape, audiovisual, audition, auditorium
Capit or capt: head, chief, leader
Capital, decapitate, capitol, capitalize, captain, caption, recapitulate
*Cept, cap, ciev, or ceit: to take to seize, receive
Capable, capsule, captive, captor, capture, accept, deception, exception, intercept,
conception, receptable, susceptible, perceptive, precept receive, receipt, deceive, deceit
Cred: to believe
Credit, credential, credible, incredible, creditable, accredit, credence, incredulity
Dic or dict: to say, tell
Dictate, dictator, predict, diction, dictation, contradict, contradictory, edict, indicate,
indict, indictment
*Duc, duce, or duct: to lead
Conduct, deduct, educate, induce, introduction, produce, reduce, reduction, reducible,
production
*Fac, fact, fic, or fect: to make
Fact, manufacture, faculty, facility, facile, facilitate, satisfaction, factor, beneficiary,
amplification, certificate, confection, affect, defective, disinfect, efficacy magnificent,
personification, proficient, sufficient
*Fer: to bring, bear, yield
Refer, reference, confer, conference, inference, suffer, transfer, defer, difer, difference,
fertile, fertilize, fertilization, circumference, odoriferous
Flect or flex: to bend
Flex, flexible, flexibility, deflect, inflection, reflect, reflexive, reflective, reflector,
circumflexion
Form: to shape
Reform, deform, inform, information, transform, conform, formula, formal, informal
formality, informative
1
Jac or jec or ject: to throw, lie
Dejected, rejection, adjective, conjecture, eject, injection, interjection, interjection,
object, objective, project, rejection, adjacent
*Mit or miss: to send
Mission, missile, missive, admit, admission, commit, dismissed, emissary, intermission,
intermittent, remiss, remit, remittance, submit, submission, transmit, transmission, emit,
permit, permission, permissive
Ped or pod: foot (ped is Latin; pod is Greek)
Pedestrian, pedestal, podium, pedestrian, pedometer, centipede, pedal, expedition,
impede, podiatry, podiatrist
Pel or puls: to drive, push, throw
Impulse, compel, compulsion, expel, propel, dispel, impulsive, pulsate, compulsive,
repel, repellent
Pend or pens: to hang
Pendant, suspend, suspense, pendulum, pending, dependent, perpendicular, appendix
*Plic or ply: to fold
Implicit, implicitness, explicit, explicate, impl.ication, replicate, compicated, application,
ply, apply, imply, reply
Port: to carry
Import, export, portable, transport, porter, deport, report, support, portal, important,
importantly, unimportant
*Pos, pon, or pose: to put, place, set
Compose, composite, dispose, disposable, oppose, component, postpone, proponent,
deposit, compound, depose, proposal, preposition, disposal, exposition, exponent, expose,
impose, suppose, opponent, proposition, position
Rupt: to break
Rupture, disrupt, disruptive, disruption, abruptly, bankrupt, corruption, erupted, eruption,
interrupt
*Scrib or script: to write
Scribble, ascribe, describe, description, conscript, inscribe, inscription, superscription,
prescribe, prescriptive, script, scripture, transcribe, transcript, transcription
*Sist, sta, or stat: to stand, endure
Persist, consistent, consist, desist, assist, resist, assistant, insist, stamina, constant,
circumstance, distant, obstacle, standard, substance
2
*Spec or spect: to see, watch, observe
Spectator, spectacular, spectacle, respect, spectrum, specter, disrespect, inspect,
inspector, retrospective, species, special specimen
Stru or struct: to build
Structure, structural, construct, construction, destructive, reconstruct, instruct, instructor,
obstruct, instrument, construe
*Ten, tent, or tain: to have, hold
Tenant, tenable, tenacity, tenacious, contents, contended, discontented, contentment,
intent, maintain, retain, retentive
*Tend or tens or tent: to stretch, strain
Intend, intention, intently, extended, tense, intense, pretense tension, intensity, attention,
inattention, unintentionally, distend, detention, détente
Tract: to draw or pull
Tractor, attract, abstract, contract, retract, contractual, detract, distract, extract, subtract,
tractable, intractable, traction, protract, protractor
Vis: to see
Visual, visa, visor, vision, visible, visitor, visitation, visualize, invisible, visibility
Vet or vers: to turn
Convert, convertible, revert, reversible, extrovert, introvert, divert, avert, aversion,
aversive, vertigo
Greek Combining Forms:
Beginning: auto, phono, photo, biblio, hydro, hyper, hypo, tele, chrom, arch, phys,
psych, micro, peri, bi, semi, hemi, mono, metro, demo
Examples: automobile, phonograph, bibliography, hydroelectric, hyperactive, telephone,
telegraphy, chromosome, physical, periodontal, semicircle, demonstration
Ending: *graph, gram, meter, *ology, sphere, scope, crat, cracy, polis
Examples: photograph, microscope, hemisphere, telegram, chronometer, physiology,
metropolis, perimeter, archeology, bibliography, democracy, autocrat
Echevarria, J., Vogt, M.E., & Short, D. (2013). Making content comprehensible for
English learners: The SIOP Model (4th Ed.). Boston: Pearson, pp. 72-73.
Compiled by M.K. Henry, 1990
