CHAPTER 1:HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:

A. ETYMOLOGY:

Early Settlement of Banaao

Banaao is one community that claims its early ancestors, came from one of
the dispersed inhabitants of Namiligan. It happened one day that a pregnant sow of
one family failed to come home for a number of days. The father of the family
decided to go and search for the missing pig. While searching in the nearby
meadows he picked up the footprint and proceeded to trail its path. As he was
trailing, he made some marking with his bolo along his way to make sure that a
return route could be followed. Many hours passed before he found himself in a
broad sloping place. While exploring around, he found the sow lying down
comfortably, nursing her young ones. With the sudden sniff, she sensed the
presence of a human being. As it turned, it recognized the one approaching as her
master. He withdrew a little farther not to disturb them, feeling very happy that he
found his lost sow. As he looked around, he saw several ponds called “posong” in
the dialect, and gazing at the ground he noticed that the soil is fertile and good. The
air seemed to be flowing freely and the plants flowering profusely. Charmed by the
beauty of the place, he decided to go back and built his home in that area. It was
already late in the afternoon but with moonlight, he can still reach home. The joy of
having found his sow and the happiness that he felt over the place seemed to have
softened his weary limp. Doggedly, he made his accent pushing himself through
many bushes. Following the route marked by him, he arrived at home finding his
family anxiously waiting his arrival. He told his family that he succeeded in finding
their sow with the piglets, that the place he found was a beautiful place. He proposed
to them that they should go and settle in that place. The next day, they packed up
their belongings. He informed his other neighbors that if ever they wish to join, they
could find him in the place where there are many surprises and many ponds.
Instinctively, he sounded it as Banaao. Some relatives accompanied them to their
new destinations. This started the first settlement of Banaao. It began with a family
and later on, some relatives and former neighbors went to join them.

Existence Of Puroks

The community grew into number of families. Out of these families emerged
two groups occupying two puroks, the lower purok called Buguit, which was later on
called Catog-o and the upper purok called Tamman. In the lapse of time, rivalries
arose which resulted into intertribal war. This situation became worst as the years
went by. Although they are neighbors, they feared each other. When one group had
a family feast like “sida, tubag or bayas”, the other group shunned participation. One
time the brave men of both sides clashed into an open war. The men of Buguit
chased farther up the warriors of Tamman, which showed their superiority over the
Tammans. The Tamman men planned and prepared for a counter attack, but a
strange phenomena occurred. One morning the people of this community were
surprised to see a strange vine plant growing high with its two branches projecting in
two strategic places in the community. Puzzled and confounded by such an unusual
thing, the old folks of both sides met at the place where this plant was growing to find
and figure out the meaning of such phenomena. After a lengthy dialogue, they
decided to offer sacrifices. One night, an old woman dreamt that a man with two

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other women appeared before her. The man standing before her said, that the
strange plant growing is the Tagawawang that will bind the people in harmony and
peace, and that there will be prosperity. The place where these plants are standing
shall be called Catog-o, the eastern purok be Latangan, and the southern part,
Tamman. After that, they disappeared and the old woman also woke-up. Thus, was
revealed the name of the puroks and that strange plant symbolizes. The next
morning, the old woman approached the old men and narrated them what she
dreamt. After hearing the story, an elderly man spoke to others around him and
said,” What had happened and was revealed was a good omen to all members of
the community. Let us offer a sacrifice in the three spots where the plant is standing
and held up a bugnas in which we join together in dancing and eating”.

B. POLITICO-ADMINISTRATIVE SET-UP:

An attempt was made during the Spanish period to subdue Banaao and the
neighboring villages. A Spaniard by the name of Langoas accompanied by some
soldiers arrived from Cervantes and put an outpost at Pao-ok, which later on was
called Cabasera. Instead of establishing friendly relationship with the people around,
Langoas and his comrades harassed the people, they flogged any man they met if
he failed to meet their demand. Women who passed by were forcibly held to meet
their rapacious desires. Women working in the nearby fields were also harassed.

Enraged by this harassment, the people of Lenga planned to attack the

outpost. However, before these men were to carry out their plan, a man friendly to
the Spanish who overheard their conversation went to the side of the Spaniard and
warned them of such attempt. That enabled the Spaniards to get ready with their
guns. Then the time came for the attack, the Lenga warriors after a drinking spree,
took their shield and spears then proceeded, hoping to get the Spaniards in surprise.
As they were descending the slope facing the outpost, the Spaniards who were
already well posted, fired their guns. Some of the advancing warriors were hit and
rolled over the slope. Realizing the futility of their attack, being outgunned by the
enemy, the attackers retreated. Under cover of darkness, they went to bring home
their fallen comrades. The Spaniards sensing an impending attack from Banaao and
the other villagers abandoned their settlement and went back to Cervantes.

During the later part of the 18th century, at the close of the Spanish rule, there
emerged an outstanding leader of Banaao in the person of Sikgatan. He was a
shrewd and courageous leader. He was a man of wealth. He had vast pasturelands
that extended as far as Comilias in the west and the Abit River in the east and north.
The men who tended his countless animals were his men at his command. He ruled
Banaao until his death. He left no heir to his power and wealth for he was childless.
He left several children and mistresses. He accumulated much money mostly
Spanish coins from the sale of his animals and field crops, but where he hid and
stored his money remained a mystery.

In the early part of the 19 th century during the American rule at the start of the
Commonwealth, Banaao was made a municipality. Balinao who came from
Cervantes served as a teacher, and was chosen by the elders to be president.
During his term. He built the municipal building at the site where the teacher’s
quarter stands. Banaao as a municipality is composed of all the barangays today
including Bedbed. After serving two terms as president, Balinao was succeeded by

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Tugiyan from Banaao. Tugiyan whose term as president was short-lived. He died out
of grief due to the loss of his two sons. After the death of Tugiyan, his brother Diplat
succeeded him.

Diplat proved himself an able administrator and firm arbiter. He served the
people for eight years. He instituted forest conservation and developed mini-forest in
nearby villages. He issued strict orders for the care and maintenance of this small
forest of pine trees. The presence of small groves of pine trees in every barrio can
attest to the policy. Madodan first planted the pine trees at Pokka under the
employment of Diplat. He also planted the twin batikang tree at Catog-o, which
stands majestically now at the Dalipoy at Catog-o. He strengthened the system of
communal work in the phase of housing and agricultural projects, as well as
community improvement. During his time, pathways, bridges and irrigation systems
were well tended due to the strong cooperative spirit of the community folks. As a
leader he forged big plans and as a father he begot a big family. He sired six girls
and two boys from his first wife named Dacsoy, who came from Guinzadan. He
begot two other girls from his later wives, in all he had ten children.

After the term of Diplat that lasted for eight years, one of his kin succeeded
him, named Mandiit, the husband of Locasin, a niece of Diplat. During his term, he
transferred the municipal building to Papatayan. He was one of the leaders who
were chosen by the elder of the barrios. When his term was over, his successor had
to be elected by popular votes. When the election was instituted, two candidates vied
for the position. Jose de los Santos and Padon, both came from Banaao. Jose de los
Santos won in the election. In the next election, Padon ran and won as president.
Unfortunately, during his term, income of the municipality went down to a critical
point. As a result, the municipality was abolished and Banaao was annexed to Kayan
and later to Tadian municipality. From that time and up to the present, Banaao
stands as a barangay together with the neighboring barangays of the defunct
Banaao municipality, still nursing the hope that someday when progress comes and
a champion might emerge, Banaao would rise again as vibrant municipality.

C. SET-UP OF THE BARANGAY:

Barangay Banaao is composed of four (4) puroks namely: Ligligan, Kubot,

Latangan and Catog-o.

CHAPTER II: GEO-PHYSICAL PROFILE:

A. GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION:

Barangay Banaao is located 22 kilometers south of Poblacion, Tadian,

Mountain Province.

It is bounded on the north by barangay Cagubatan, on the east by barangays

Cadad-anan and Pandayan, on the south by barangay Lenga and on the west by
barangay Dacudac and sitio Pasnadan.

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B. LAND AREA:

This barangay has 602 hectares or 6.02 square kilometers total land area,
occupying a portion of 4.03% of the municipal land area of 14,942 hectares.

C. TOPOGRAPHY:

It has an average elevation of 1,150 meters above sea level. It is generally

mountainous with slopes suitable for rice farms and farm gardens.

D. CLIMATE:

It has a temperate or moderately warm climate with two pronounced season,

the wet and dry season. Wet season is from the month of May up to the second
week of November, with wettest months of the year starting from the month of July to
October, while dry season are the rest of the months. Coolest months of the year are
from November to February, while hottest are from March to May.

E. SURFACE DRAINAGES:

There are three (3) creeks in this barangay namely: Tabayog, Ab and Panata,
then one (1) river, the Wanga river and one (1) lake, the Gawaan lake, see table 1
for complete details.

Table 1
Inventory Of Surface Drainages
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Water Status
Names Of Location Wet & Wet Usual Usage
Creeks / Dry Season Of Creek /
Lake / River Season Only Water
Tabayong Creek Tabayong, X For Irrigation
Banaao
Ab Creek Ab, Banaao X For Irrigation
Panata Creek Panata, Banaao X For Irrigation
Wanga River Wanga, Banaao X For Irrigation
Gawaan Lake Gawaan, Banaao X Fishpond
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

CHAPTER III: DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE:

A. POPULATION & POPULATION GROWTH:

The total population of Banaao in 1990 was 760 persons, which increased
suddenly of 67 persons in 1995, then decreased of six (6) in 1999, while increased of
30 for 2000, resulting to growths of population in 1995 and 2000, while no growth in
1999 respectively, see table 2.

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B. POPULATION DENSITY:

With a total land area of 6.02 square kilometers, and a total population of 760
persons in 1990, 827 in 1995, 821 in 1999 and 851 for 2000, thus with population
density on each year of 126, 138, 137 and 142 person per square kilometer is noted,
see table 2.

Table 2
Population, Population Growth & Population Density
Barangay Banaao, 1999

(+)Increase/(-) Population Population

Year Population Decrease Of Growth Density
Population
1990 760 126
1995 827 (+) 67 0.0176 138
1999 821 (-) 6 (-) 0.001813 137
2000 851 (+) 30 0.03654 142
Sources: 1990, 1995 & 2000 – NSO, Bontoc.
1999: MPDO Survey, 1999.
Area: 6.02 square kilometers

C. POPULATION BY AGE & SEX GROUP:

C.1 Broad Age Group

Of the total population of 821 in 1999, the child and youth population of ages
0 to 14 years old is 336, which by 139 are males and 133 are females. In the
productive or working age group of ages 15 to 64 years old, it has a population of
485, which by 260 are males while 225 are females, while those of ages 65 and
above, has the least population of 64, which by 32 are males and 32 also are
females, see table 3.

C.2. Sex Ratio

Out of the total population in 1999, 431 are males while 390 are females,
therefore the male to female ratio is l: 1 or 1 male is to I female, see table 3.

Table 3
Population By Age-Sex Group
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Age Group Male Female TOTALS

Under 1 yr old 3 8 11
1-4 34 27 61
5-9 46 42 88
10-14 56 56 112
15-19 41 37 78
20-24 49 36 85
25-29 42 30 72
30-34 24 17 41

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 Age Group Male Female TOTALS
35-39 31 16 47
40-44 21 25 46
45-49 22 17 39
50-54 17 19 36
55-59 6 9 15
60-64 7 19 26
65-69 10 12 22
70-74 7 7 14
75-79 12 8 20
80 & above 3 5 8
TOTALS 431 390 821
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C.3. Dependency

Of the 1999 age group distribution, the total population of 821 is largely
composed of the working age group of ages 15 to 64 years old with a population of
485 or 59.07% of the total population. The child and youth group of ages 0 to 14 and
65 years old and above comes next with population of 336 or 40.93 %. Thus the
computed over all dependency ratio is 69.28%. Young dependency ratio with
population below 15 years old is 56.08%, while old dependency ratio with ages 65
years old and above is 13.20%.

D. HOUSEHOLD / FAMILY SIZE:

There were 150 total households in 1990, which increased in 1995 and 1999
to 157 and 163 total households, and which decreased of one (1) in 2000.

On the years 1990, 1995, 1999 and 2000, the total households noted on each
year has all acquired a family size of 5, see table 4.

Table 4
Household / Family Size
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Year No. Of Family Size

Households
1990 150 5
1995 157 5
1999 163 5
2000 162 5
Sources: 1990, 1995 & 2000 – NSO, Bontoc.
1999 – Barangay Survey, 1999.

E. OTHER CLASSIFICATIONS:

E.1. Religious Affiliation

Within this community, there are eight (8) known religion, where as
Roman Catholic dominates with 114 or 69.93% of the total community
households, while other religious groups follow, see table 5.

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 The total number of households affiliated to these known religion
exceeds the community total households, thus emphasizes a dual religious
affiliation of other households.

Table 5
Households By Religious Affiliation
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Religion Number Of
Households
1. Anglican 3
2. Espiritista 17
3. Iglesia Ni Cristo 1
4. Jehovah Witnesses 2
5. Lutheran 3
6. Pentecost 22
7. Repochon 1
8. Roman Catholic 114
TOTAL 163
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

CHAPTER IV: SECTORAL PROFILES:

A. SOCIAL PROFILES:

1) EDUCATION

1.A. School- Going- Age Population

The school going age group has a total population of 300, and are
distributed into the elementary level, secondary level and tertiary level, whereby
those at the elementary has the highest population, followed by the tertiary
level, then secondary level comes next, refer to table 6.

Table 6
School- Going- Age Population
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Age Group Description Number Share %

6-12 Elementary 143 47.67
13-16 Secondary 76 25.33
17-21 Tertiary 81 27.00
TOTAL 300 100%
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

1.B. Current Enrollment

Records showed that enrollment at Banaao Elementary School for the

last five years covering the period from 1995 to 1999, averaged to 156, which
indicated higher number of enrollees, compared to this year (2000) with
current enrollment of 146, see details on table 7.

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 Table 7
Enrollment For The Last Six (6) Years
Banaao Elementary School, 1995-1999

Year Total Enrolment

1995 146
1996 143
1997 158
1998 172
1999 159
2000 146
Source: DECS, Tadian District Office

1.C. Classroom/Teacher – Pupil Ratio

1.C.1. Classroom – Pupil Ratio: SY-2000.

There are six (6) classrooms presently used in the school, with 146
pupils currently enrolled, thus with a ratio of 1: 25 or 1 classroom is to 25
pupils.

1.C.2. Teacher – Pupil Ratio: SY-2000

There are nine (9) teaching personnel in this school, with current
enrollment of 146 pupils, thus with a ratio of 1:17 or 1 teacher is to 17 pupils.

1.D. Condition Of Existing School Building & Facilities

Banaao Elementary School has four (4) buildings namely: Bagong

Lipunan School Building (BLSB), Pre Fab, Magsaysay Building and Fidel V.
Ramos Building. Of all these buildings only Fidel V. Ramos Building is of good
condition while the other three needs repair or renovation, refer to table 8.

Table 8
Existing School Facilities
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Types Of School Building Condition Of Buildings

Bagong Lipunan School Building For Repair
Pre-Fab For Renovation/Condemnable
Magsaysay Building For Repair
Fidel V. Ramos Building Good
Source: DECS, Tadian District Office.

1.E. Out -Of- School Youths

In this barangay, there are 94 out of school youths, comprised of 53

males and 41 females. Of this total, ages 3 to 5, supposedly pre-schoolers
and ages 17 to 21 supposedly at the tertiary level are the highest in
population, while those ages 13 to 16 supposedly at the secondary level are
the least. See table 9 for details.

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 Table 9
Out- Of- School Youths
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Age Group Male Female TOTAL

3-5 23 23 46
6-12 3 9 12
13-16 6 1 7
17-18 8 2 10
19-21 13 6 19
TOTAL 53 41 94
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2) HEALTH & NUTRITION:

2.A. FERTILITY INDICES:

2.A.1. Birth And Crude Birth Rate

For the last five (5) years from 1995 to 1999, this barangay has 84 total
live births which consist of 36 males and 48 females, whereby 1995 has the
highest total live births of 24, see table 10.

There are 14 total live births in 1999, while the barangay ‘s total
population is 821, therefore with a crude birth rate (CBR) of 17 live births per
one thousand population.

Table 10
Live Births By Sex, For The Last Five (5) Years
Barangay Banaao, 1995-1999

LIVE BIRTHS
YEAR Male Female TOTAL
1995 10 14 24
1996 6 7 13
1997 7 13 20
1998 7 6 13
1999 6 8 14
TOTAL 36 48 84
Source: RHU, Tadian.

2.B. MORBIDITY INDICATORS:

2.B.1. For General And Infant

For the last five (5) years from 1995 to 1999, of the ten (10) leading
causes of morbidity in all ages, Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) has noted
the highest total of persons infected, followed by Gastrointestinal Problem,
then other leading causes follow, see table 11.

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 Table 11
Ten Leading Causes of Morbidity In All Ages
Barangay Banaao, 1995-1999

Causes 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 TOTAL

1. Acute Respiratory Infection 57 62 54 56 58 287
2.Gastro intestinal problem 28 48 17 30 49 172
3. Injuries 31 36 19 34 43 163
4. Musculo Skeletal Disorder 28 26 17 34 47 152
5. Dental Problem 26 58 0 0 47 131
6. Skin Problem 12 41 15 28 16 112
7. Hypertension 12 18 16 16 18 80
8. Fever 32 0 46 0 0 78
9. Nutritional deficiency 12 12 11 6 5 46
10. Parasitism 11 7 11 10 5 44
Source: RHU, Tadian.

2.B.2. Leading Causes of Infant Morbidity

There was no data on infant morbidity during these last four (4) years,
covering the period from 1995 to 1998, however in 1999, it was found out that
leading causes were Pneumonia and Diarrhea, see table 12.

Table 12
Leading Causes Of Infant Morbidity
Barangay Banaao, 1995-1999

NUMBER
CAUSES 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 TOTAL
Pneumonia No Data No Data No Data No Data 14 14
Diarrhea No Data No Data No Data No Data 11 11
Source: RHU, Tadian.

2.C. MORTALITY INDICATORS:

2.C.1. Mortality In All Ages

Within the past five (5) years, leading causes of mortality in all ages
has been noted, where as Pneumonia, Peptic Ulcer, Cardiac Arrest, then
Malignant Neoplasm are the top causes, see details on table 13.

Table 13.
Leading Causes Of Mortality In All Ages
Barangay Banaao, 1995-1999

Year Causes No. Of Deaths

Parkinson’s Disease 1
1995 Hypostatic Pneumonia 1
Pneumonia (PTB) 2
Peptic Ulcer 1
Hepatitis 1
1995 Cardiac Arrest 1
Malignant neoplasm 2

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 Year Causes No. Of Deaths
Accident 1
Cardiac Arrest 1
1996 Peptic Ulcer – Bleeding 1
Malignant neoplasm 1
Hepatitis 1
Pneumonia 1
Cardio Respiratory Arrest 2
1997 Peptic ulcer – bleeding 1
Pneumonia 1
Malignant Neoplasm 1
Cardiac Arrest 1
Hypostatic Anemia 1
Gunshot Wound 1
1998 Rheumatoid Arthritis 1
Cardio Respiratory Arrest 1
Pneumonia 1
Peptic Ulcer & bleeding 1
Peptic Ulcer & bleeding 2
1999 Pneumonia 2
Rheumatoid Arthritis 1
Source: RHU, Tadian.

2.C.2. Crude Death Rate

Crude death rate (CDR) has been computed for 1999, thus with an
average of 6 deaths per one thousand population.

2.C.3. Infant, Maternal, Young Child Mortality Rate

From 1995 to 1999, there were zero deaths on infant, maternal and
young child.

2.D. NUTRITION STATUS:

Out of the 165 children under 7 years old weighed, there were 13 noted
malnourished, of which 12 are under the first degree (mild status), zero on the
second degree (moderate status), while one (1) under the third degree
(severe status), see table 14.

Table 14
Number Of Malnourished Children By Age Group
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Actual Number Of Number Of Malnourished Children

Age Group Children Under 7 Third Second
Yrs. Old Weighed Degree Degree First
Degree
Under 1 Yr. Old 0 0 4
1-4 Yrs. Old 1 0 8
5-Under 7 Yrs. Old 165 0 0 0
TOTAL 1 0 12
Source: RHU, Tadian.

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2.E. HEALTH FACILITIES AND PERSONNEL:

Banaao barangay has Barangay Health Station with one (1) resident
midwife, aided by six (6) barangay health workers (BHW).

2.F. SANITATION STATUS:

2.F.1. Manner Of Solid Waste Disposal

Five (5) types of solid waste disposal, do the households of this

barangay practice, whereby Composting type is largely practiced thus with the
highest number of households engaged, while Throwing type is the least, see
details on table 15.

Table
Household Solid Waste Disposal
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Type Of Solid Waste No. Of Household % To Total

Disposal Engaged Households
1. Burning 29 17.79
2. Throwing 1 0.61
3. Composting 156 95.71
4. Dumping 0 0
5. Recycling 4 2.45
6. Combination of all 3 1.84
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2.F.2. Sanitary Toilet Facilities

Water Sealed are the widely used toilet facilities within the community,
then Pit Privy With Cover follows, while there is only one (1) household with
no toilet. See table 16 for details.

Table 16
Household Toilet Facilities
Barangay Banaao, 1999

No. Of Percent (%) To

Type Of Toilet Facilities Households Total Households
Engaged
1. Water Sealed 108 66.26
a. Plastic Bowl 95
b. Cement Bowl 8
c. Commercial Bowl 5
2. Pit Privy With Cover 54 33.13
3. Pit Privy Without Cover 0 0
4. No Toilet 1 0.61
TOTAL 163 100 %
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

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 2.F.3. Cemeteries And Burial Grounds

This barangay has no public cemetery, since the community’s common

practice is to bury their parted ones in their yards.

3) SOCIAL WELFARE:

A. Nature Of Services And Facilities

The Department of Social Welfare and Development staff provides

services, programs and projects beneficial to this barangay such as Day Care
Services, Senior Citizens’ Organization and services to Persons With Disabilities.

Day care services have 30- day care children as of 1999, handled by one
(1) day care teacher. Senior Citizens Organization has 19 active members while
Persons With Disabilities has a population of 9 persons, see table 17.

As to facilities, a room in the Banaao Elementary School is used as a Day

Care Center.

Table 17
Inventory Of Disabled Persons
Barangay Banaao, 1999

No. Of Persons
Disabilities Involved
Physical Disability 7
Mental Disability 2
Physical & Mental Disability 0
TOTAL 9
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999

B. Common Causes Of Family Problems

There are three (3) common causes of family problems in this barangay
namely drunkenness, gambling and others, such that drunkenness has noted the
highest number of households involved, see table 18.

Table 18
Common Causes Of Family Problems
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Problems No. Of H.H. Involved

1. Drunkenness 4
2. Gambling 2
3. Others:
Misunderstanding of family
members 1
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

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1. SPORTS AND RECREATIONS:

There are three (3) existing sports and recreation namely; basketball,
volleyball and track & field events, such as running, jumping, hurdle and others.

The track & field area and volleyball court needs improvement, while the
basketball court is a concrete, well maintained court.

2. PROTECTIVE SERVICES:

Barangay Banaao is said to be generally peaceful. Its barangay officials

aided by the barangay tanods handle and keep peace and order within the
community. However, either of the Tadian Police Group, Regional Mobile Group
or the Philippine Army, do immediately comply upon the request of this
community if these are in need of assistance.

3. HOUSING:

A. Household And Vacant Houses

There were 150 houses occupied in this barangay as of 1990, with gradual
increase as of 1995 and 1999 respectively. There were no data on vacant house
as of 1990, 1995 and 1999, see table 19.

Table 19
Occupied And Vacant Housing Units
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Housing Units
Year Occupied Vacant
*1990 150 No Data
*1995 157 No Data
1999 163 No Data
Sources: * NSO, Bontoc.
1999- Barangay Survey, 1999.

B. Occupied Housing Units By Type Of Construction Materials

Five (5) types of housing construction material were used by households in

this barangay, which by Wood and G.I. type has the highest number of engaged
household, while Pure Concrete type are the least engaged household, see table
20.

Table 20
Occupied Housing By Type Of Construction Materials
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Types Of Construction Materials No. Of Household

Engaged
1. Traditional such as cogon and wood 43
2. Wood and G.I. 81
3. Wood with semi-concrete first floor 36

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 Types Of Construction Materials No. Of Household
Engaged
4. Wood with concrete first floor 2
5. Concrete with G.I. roofing 0
6. Pure concrete 1
TOTAL 163
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C. Status Of Housing Ownership Including Its Lot

Of the three (3) status of housing ownership, either owned, rented or

custodian, the owned status has noted the highest number of household
engaged, then custodian status follows, see table 21.

Table 21
Status Of Housing Ownership
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Status Of Housing Ownership Number Of Households

1. Owned 151
2. Rented 0
3. Custodian 12
TOTAL 163
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

D. Households By Type Of Lighting Used

Of the three (3) types of lighting used, either Electricity, Gas lamp or
Others, of either pinewood or saleng, and either candle, Gas lamp type are
largely used, thus with the highest number of household engaged, then
electricity follows, while Others type are the least, see table 22.

The number of users of these lightings exceed the barangay’s total

household number, thus this implicate a dual or alternate use of these lighting
by some of the households.

Table 22
Households By Type Of Lighting Used
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Types Of Lighting Used Number Of Households

1. Electricity 61
2. Gas Lamp 106
3. Others 1
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

E. Households By Type Of Cooking Facilities Used

Households of this barangay use only three (3) types of cooking

facilities, whereby wood are primarily used, thus with the highest number of
engaged household, then LPG/Gasul follows, while electric stove are the least
used, see table 23.

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 There’s a dual or alternate use of these cooking facilities as implicated
by the number of household users that exceeded the barangay’s total number
of households.

Table 23
Household By Type Of Cooking Facilities Used
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Type Of Cooking Facilities No. Of

Used Households
Engaged
1. Wood 154
2. Gas Stove 0
3. LGP/Gasul 15
4. Electric Stove 1
5. Others 0
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

F. Household By Status Of Electrification

Of the 163 total households of the barangay, 55 have direct connection

or members of the electric cooperative, MOPRECO, 6 have indirect
connection or connected to other house, while 102 are still not connected, see
table 24.

Table 24
Status Of Household Electrification
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Status No. Of Households

1. Connected 55
2. Connected to other house 6
3. Not connected 102
TOTAL 163
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

4) ECONOMIC PROFILES:

1. FINANCIAL RESOURCES:

A. Statement Of Actual Income And Expenditures

The Share of Real Property Tax, Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) and
Miscellaneous Income, cover Barangay Banaao’s total income as of 1999. As
noticed, IRA has the biggest amount of all the income, since it is the main source
to fund the barangay on its operation and management, while local taxes are not
so much visible, but still these contribute much.

Total income is expended mostly in the operating expenditure, while the rest
are expended in the non-office funding, see table 25 for details.

16
 Table 25
Statement Of Income And Expenditures
Barangay Banaao, 1999

INCOME / EXPENDITURE AMOUNT

A. INCOME
1. Share Of Real Property Tax P 1,888.98
2. Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) 327,046.00
3. Miscellaneous Income 3,000.00
TOTAL P 331,934.98
B. EXPENDITURE
1. Operating Expenditure
a. Personal Services 196,214.40
b. Maintenance And Other Operating Expenses 20,500.00
SUB-TOTAL P 216,714.40
2. Non-office Expenditure
a. 20% Development Fund 65,409.20
b. 10% SK Operation Fund 33,193.45
c. 5% Calamity Fund 16,596.74
SUB-TOTAL 115,199.39
TOTAL P 331,913.79
Unappropriated Balance 21.19
Source: Municipal Accounting Office, Tadian.

2. LABOR, INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT:

A. Major Sources Of Income

Farming is the top most major source of income in this barangay, then
Labor follows, while Business has noted the least number of household
engaged, see table 26.

Table 26
Major Sources Of Income
Barangay Banaao, 1999

No. Of Percent (%) To

Sources Of Income Households Total Households
Involved
1. Farming 156 95.71
2. Labor 29 17.79
3. OCW 23 14.11
4. Salary 19 11.66
5. Pension 16 9.82
6. Honorarium 12 7.36
7. Business 10 6.13
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B. Employment Status

17
 B.1. Persons Who Completed Their Studies

There are fifty-five (55) professionals in this barangay, which are

distributed into two (2) status, the employed and the unemployed. Out of this
total, 22 are employed mostly in the government institutions, then the rest are
in private institutions and others, while 33 are still unemployed, see table 27.

Table 27
Employment Status Of Professionals Of The Place
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Employment (Number Employed)

Degree Self Private Gov’t Un TOTAL
Employed OCW Employed Employed Employed

1. AB 1 1
2.Civil Engineer 1 1
3. Commerce 1 3 4
4. Computer 1 1
Science
5. Education 1 12 15 28
6. Electronics 1 1
7. Fishery 1 1
8. Forestry 1 1
9. Geodetic 1 1
10.Midwife 1 3 3 7
11. Diesel 1 1
Mechanic
12. Nurse 1 1
13. Nutritionist 1 3 4
14. PNPA, Crim. 1 1 2
15. Secretarial 1 1
TOTAL 1 3 1 17 33 55
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B.2. Labor Force Employment Status

The population of ages 15 to 64 years old is referred to as the labor

force, who are either employed, unemployed or still in school.

There are 489 persons within the labor force, whereby 281 are
employed, which consist of 137 males and 144 females, while 119 are
unemployed, which consist of 75 males and 44 females. There are 89
persons who are still in school, whereby 45 are males and 44 are females,
refer to table 28.

Table 28
Labor Force Employment Status

18
 Barangay Banaao, 1999

Number Of Persons
Status Male Female TOTAL
A. Employed
1. Farming 113 112 225
2. Gov’t Employed 6 13 19
3. Business 0 2 2
4. Laborer 16 3 19
5. Private Employed 2 0 2
6. OCW 0 14 14
SUB-TOTAL 137 144 281
B. Still In School 45 44 89
C. Unemployed 75 44 119
TOTAL 257 232 489
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C. Poverty Incidence

In 1995, this barangay has 156 total households, whereby 129 are
below the poverty level, thus with a poverty incidence of 82.69%, obtaining a
municipal rank of 9 among the 19 barangays, while in 1997 with 150 total
households, 116 are below poverty level, with a decreased poverty incidence
to 77.33%, thus obtaining a municipal rank of 7, refer to table 29.

Table 29
Poverty Incidence
Barangay Banaao, 1999

No. Of Households Poverty Municipal

Year Households Below Poverty Incidence Rank
Level
1995 156 129 82.69 % 9
1997 150 116 77.33% 7
Source: MBN Survey: 1995 & 1997.

D. Household Income Level

Income level is based on the gross earnings of all family members,

such that in this locality, income levels of 30,000 to 39,999; 20,000 to 29,999
and 15,000 to 19,999 are the top three with the highest number of households
involved, refer to table 30.

Table 30
Household Income Level

19
 Barangay Banaao, 1999

No. Of Households
Income Levels Involved
Below 10,000 8
10,000-14,999 12
15,000-19,999 18
20,000-29,999 27
30,000-39,999 43
40,000-49,999 8
50,000-59,999 9
60,000-69,999 8
70,000 and above 17
Source: MBN Survey, 1997.

E. Local Wage Level In The Community (Prevailing)

According to oral information, local wages in this barangay depend on

the kinds of work rendered by a laborer, either skilled work or unskilled and
garden or farm works.

Since farm or garden works are the major sources of income to most of
the households, rates to both males and females are the same of one
hundred fifty pesos (P150.00) per day and with a free meal provided. While in
skilled works such as carpentry, rate is categorized between the skilled or
master carpenter and the unskilled or “peon” in the local term, whereas the
skilled has higher rates of two hundred twenty pesos (P220.00) per day,
while the unskilled has lower rates of P180.00 to P200.00 per day, both with
one meal provided.

3. COMMERCE:

Ten (10) Sari Sari stores are the present commercial establishment in this
barangay.

4. INDUSTRY:

Industries present are, one (1) woodwork and one (1) ricemill/cornmill,
both of which is a family industry which belongs to small scale group since
operation is by need basis only.

5. FORESTRY:

This barangay has communal forest that serves as watershed, although

portions are already declared private. Forest products are pine trees, sticks and
others such as wild teas, and edible mushrooms. Portions of the forest are being
exploited and used as pasture land, such that pine tree seedlings and young
trees are destroyed.

6. TOURISM:

20
 Barangay Banaao has its well-known Gawaan Lake, occupying at least
1.20 to 1.50 hectares of the barangay land area, with a depth of 6 to 9 meters.
This lake has enigmatic eels, which have been believed by the dwellers as
“enchanted”, such that prohibition of fishing these is strictly imposed. This tourist
attraction could be reached by just a 2 to 3 minute-walk from the main place.

7. LAND TENURE AND OWNERSHIP:

According to oral information, through inheritance from generation to

generation is the main pattern of land ownership, then declared property through
tax declaration. Another is through land buying, but priorities are the relatives of
the owner, but of cases that nobody from the family is interested the land is sold
out to other people.

As per record of the assessor, of the declared land properties in the

barangay, Riceland has covered the largest area, then Root crop land follows,
while Residential land has the least covered area, for details refer to table 31.

Table 31
Tax Declared Properties
Barangay Banaao, 1999.

Type Area Covered Percent (%)

(Has.) Distribution
1. Rice Land 94.4995 53.74
2. Root Crop Land 36.3774 20.68
3. Cogonal Land 14.2727 8.12
4. Pasture Land 25.7061 14.62
5. Residential Land 4.99814 2.84
TOTAL 175.85384 100 %
Source: Assessor’s Office, Tadian.

8. AGRICULTURE:

A. Household Farming Activities

Of the seven (7) types of farming activities, only three (3) types do the
households in this barangay are engaged, whereby Pure Palay farming are the
primary farming activities largely engaged by the households, while Vegetable
farming are the least, see table 32.

There are no households engaged in Livestock farming activities as

indicated on the table, since though some households raise livestocks of a few
quantity, still these do not consider themselves as livestock farmers.

Table 32

21
 Household Farming Activities
Barangay Banaao, 1999

No. Of Household
Types Of Farming Engaged
1. Pure Palay Farming 143
2. Vegetable Farming 1
3. Palay & Vegetable Farming 13
4. Livestock Farming 0
5. Palay & Livestock Farming 0
6. Vegetable & Livestock Farming 0
7. All Types Of Farming 0
TOTAL 157
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B. Crop Production

B.1. Area Devoted To Agricultural Crop Production

Rice, irrigated and non-irrigated, has the largest area devoted on its
production, then Banana follows, while Sweet Pepper has the least, se table 33.

Table 33
Area Devoted To Agricultural Crop Production
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Major Commodities Area (Has.)

1. Rice: 99.0
Irrigated 67
Non-irrigated 32
2. Corn 3.50
3. Coffee 0.54
4. Beans 2.0
5.Sweet Pepper 1.0
6. Sweet Potato (Camote) 5.10
7. Banana 13.0
8. Mango 4.17
Source: Office of the Municipal Agriculturist.
Barangay Screening Survey Result (BAS-Bontoc).

B.2. Inventory Of Common Fruits, Bamboo And Other Related Plants

B.2.A. Common Fruits In The Barangay

Banana, Pomelo and Mango are the top three (3) common fruits in this
barangay, while Guavas are the least common, see table 34.

Although Mango is one of the top three (3) common fruits in this
barangay, its fruit bearing potentials are not yet met, since these are not yet
fully utilized with the application of technologies, thus its fruit bearing
potentials depend only by its nature.

22
 Table 34
Inventory Of Common Fruits
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Common Fruits No. Of Trees / Hills

1. Banana (all variety) 7,845
2. Pomelo 119
3. Mango 103
4. Avocado 70
5. Coffee 41
6. Tiesa 40
7. Papaya 36
8. Santol 23
9. Star Apple 14
10. Guava 11
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

B.2.B. Bamboo And Other Related Plants

Bamboo, which are of great contribution and help to man, are only
seen as tree if not utilized, for these are utilized as immediate or even direct
materials for building shelters, fences, ladders and possibly be of other
bamboo produced handicrafts.

In this barangay, bamboo and other related plants are not so much
noticed, since bamboo has noted only 13 hills, see table 35.

Table 35
Bamboo And Other Related Plants
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Bamboo & Other

Related Plants Number Of Hills
1. Bamboo 13
2. Bayyog 3
3. Bolo 1
4. Tiger Grass 1
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

C. Livestock And Poultry Production

C.1. Livestock And Poultry Products

Of the raised livestocks, Dogs are the primarily raised thus have noted the
highest total, while Cattle are the least, then in poultry, Chicken-native are also
primarily raised, see table 36.

These produced livestock, except Carabao as man’s partner in farm labors

of most cases, and poultry products if not consumed by the family, are sold within
the community or to livestock dealers.

23
 As per record of the Municipal Agriculturist, there is no existing
pastureland in this barangay, since as discussed earlier portions of the forest are
used as pasture areas, that without proper pasture area, livestock production is
limited. In swine raising, the trend of raising are traditional or in the backyard,
since this has become as a livelihood to some households. But as a livelihood,
sometimes become a community problem since it is a threat to surroundings and
neighbors, because of the improper implementation of sanitary measures that
causes pollution and unsanitary surroundings.

Table 36
Livestock And Poultry Products
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Items Number
A. LIVESTOCK
Carabao 59
Cattle: 12
Native 9
Crossbreed 3
Swine: 60
Native 56
Crossbreed 4
Dog 76
Cat 66
B. POULTRY
Chicken 396
Duck 17
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

D. Fishing Grounds

Barangay Banaao has Gawaan Lake as primary fishing ground, or fishpond

with an area of 1.50 hectares. Fish cages were built within the pond, with Tilapia
as the main product. Aside from Gawaan Lake, there are other fishponds with an
area of 0.2666 and also Tilapia as main product. Although this barangay has
Tilapia production, the produced are only for home consumption, which are more
often not enough for the whole community, for there is no technology attached on
the raising to increase or improve its production.

E. Agricultural Facilities And Related Services

E.1. Irrigation Facilities

There is one (1) NIA constructed CIP/CIS (Communal Irrigation

System/Project), with 179 hectares service area and 363 beneficiaries, while
there are also two (2) Farmer’s Constructed CIP/CIS, with 12 hectares service
area and 182 beneficiaries, see table 37.

These irrigation facilities are necessary during dry seasons when water is not
available, to sustain the growth of palay up to its harvest period such that rain
feed palay usually suffer which causes drying and decrease of production, due to
water supply shortage and lack of irrigation system for sustenance, thus it is not

24
 only necessary to provide and construct these facilities but rather to improve also
these irrigation systems.

Table 37
Communal Irrigation System
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Item NIA Constructed Farmers’ Constructed

CIS CIS
Number 1 2
Service Area (Has.) 179 12
No. of Beneficiaries 363 182
Source: NIA-MPPIO- Bontoc, Mt. Prov.

E.2. Other Agricultural Facilities (Post Harvest)

There is a multi purpose-drying pavement for palay and other crops

needed to be dried up, and a rice mill, to hasten rice-hulling activities. As to
loading platform, this barangay use improvised, made out of bamboo or wood.

E.3. Financial Institutions

There are two (2) financial institutions willing and ready to extend services
and financial assistance to people in need in this barangay especially to farmers,
such as the Tadian Credit Cooperative at Poblacion, Tadian covering the whole
municipality, which offers regular loans to members while accepts saving
deposits to members and non-members. Another is the Sayapot MPCI (Multi
Purpose Cooperative Inc.) At Sayapot, Dacudac, covering the six barangays of
Zone III including this barangay, which offers all-purpose of loans, trucking
services and farm inputs to members, while accepts saving deposits too.

F. Market Destinations

Mostly, the market destination of vegetables in this barangay is at the La

Trinidad Trading Post and at Baguio Hangar Market.

5) NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT:

A. NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT:

Forest in this barangay is managed and protected by the community from

destination, such as forest fires to prevent water shortage, forest denudation and
pollution, while its well known Gawaan Lake is also managed and protected to
prevent water and fish pollution.

B. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT:

With the strict monitoring of the barangay health workers on proper solid
waste disposal in connection with the Clean and Green Program, there is no
existing problem on pollution in this barangay. There is no public garbage site,
since every household has its own garbage pit within his residential lot or land.

25
CHAPTER VI: INFRASTRUCTURE:

A. TRANSPORTATION:

1. Mode Of Transport In The Barangay

This barangay is included in the transportation services coverage by one

(1) passenger bus plying Cagubatan-Baguio and vice versa, and a passenger
Jeepney that plies the Pandayan-Bontoc route.

2. Road Inventory

There are two (2) barangay roads namely; Banaao to Dacudac with 4,000
meters total length and the Cagubatan to Banaao with 3,500 meters total length,
see table 38.

Table 38
Road Inventory
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Road Surface
Names Of Road Total Concrete Gravel Earth fill
And Classification Length (m) (m) (m) (m)
A. Barangay Road
1. Banaao to Dacudac 4,000 400 3,600
2. Cagubatan to Banaao 3,500 500 400 2,600
Source: MPDO Survey, 1999.

3. Inventory Of Vehicles In The Barangay

There are two (2) vehicles in this barangay namely, one (1) Jeepney and
one (1) Forward/Elf.

4. Inventory Of Vehicular Bridges

Those present in the barangay are Tabayong and Wanga Bridges, which are
part of the barangay road and of good condition, see table 39.

Table 39
Inventory Of Vehicular Bridges
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Names Of Vehicular Total Status Of Development

Bridges Length (m) Bailey Concrete Steel
Tabayong 12.0 X
Wanga 9.0 X
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

26
B. COMMUNICATIONS:

1. Mode Of Communication In The Barangay, Communication Gadgets and

Facilities

According to oral information, letters or messages are sent through “paw-

it” system through bus and jeepney drivers and conductors or barrio mates
leading to the place of address. However, this community has two (2) Icoms, one
(1) private and one (1) government given, to relay and receive emergency
messages.

C. POWER SUPPLY:

The Mountain Province Electric Cooperative (MOPRECO), has energized this

barangay with only 55 out of the 163 total households has availed its services, while
other households still rely on gas lamps and other house lightings.

D. WATER SUPPLY:

1. Sources of Water Supply, Status of Watershed & Inventory of Reservoir Tanks

There are three (3) water sources which supply the whole barangay
namely Kibobot, Kaliliwan and Pakpaka. These water sources have only one (1)
reservoir tank respectively for distribution, supplying 154 households, see table
40.

Table 40
Sources Of Water Supply, Status Of Watershed & Inventory Of Reservoir Tanks
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Water Sources Reservoir Tank No. Of Household Status Of Watershed

2x2m Served
Kaliliwan One (1) tank only Mossy Forest
Kibobot for these three (3) 154 households Pine Forest
Pakpaka water sources Mossy Forest
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2. Existing Household Connections By Type Of Facility

Domestic water supply serve and reach every household through these (3)
types of facilities, LEVEL I – bubon and deep well, LEVEL II- public faucet and
LEVEL III-faucet in the yard or inside each household. Of these three (3) types,
LEVEL III has almost covered the total number of households, see table 41.

Table 41
Existing Household Connection By Types Of Facilities
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Type Of Facility No. Of H.H. Covered

Level I 1
Level II 16
Level III 146
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

27
E. PATHWAYS, FOOTBRIDGES AND DRAINAGES:

1. Pathways In The Barangay

There are five (5) pathways within the barangay which by three (3) are fully
concreted, while the rest are stone paved and still of dirt, then there are also two
(2) farm to market pathways, see table 42.

Table 42
Inventory Of Pathways
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Total Status Of Development

Names Of Pathways Length (m) Concrete Dirt/ Soil Stone paved
A. Pathways Within The Brgy.
1. Catog-o 180 100 80
2.Tunga to Latangan 196 196
3. Ligligan to Latangan 244 244
4.Gacwok to Latangan 449 400 49
5. Taligpapaya 100 100
TOTAL 1,169 940 100 129
B. Farm To Market Pathways
1. Gawaan to Tunga 550 550
2.Gawaan to Sub- Office 450 450
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

2. Footbridges In The Barangay

There are ten (10) footbridges, where as eight are concreted, while the two
(2) are made of steel, see table 43.

Aside from the above mentioned, there is a proposed two (2) footbridges
since the community is in need of these, with a total length of 11 meters
respectively.

Table 43
Inventory Of Footbridges
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Total Length Type Of Footbridge

Names Of Footbridges (m) Concrete Steel
1. Paninoc 7.5 X
2. Pannaway 4.0 X
3. Dalipay 10.0 X
4. Padaw 7.0 X
5. Gacwok 4.0 X
6. Pacda 4.0 X
7. Apat 3.0 X
8. Locotan 7.0 X
9. Gawaan 7.0 X
10. Panaksan 4.0 X
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

28
 3. Community Drainages

There are two (2) drainages namely; Ombaba to Catog-o with 300 meters
total length and Katitik to Simbaan with 130 meters total length, both of which are
concreted.

F. OTHER INFRASTRUCTURES:

1. Inventory Of Public Buildings

There are five (5) public buildings in this barangay namely: one (1) Stage,
one (1) Barangay Hall, one (1) Ato / Dap-ay, one (1) Public Market and one (1)
Waiting Shed.

CHAPTER VII: PUBLIC SERVICES:

A. PRESENT LOCAL ADMINISTRATION, 1997 – 2002.

1. List Of Barangay Officials

Punong Barangay Benito Calapus

No. 1 Kagawad Apolonio Pacalso
No. 2 Kagawad Martin Gaong
No. 3 Kagawad Rodolfo Baday
No. 4 Kagawad Basilio Yagpasen
No. 5 Kagawad Carlos Lamangen
No. 6 Kagawad Jose Guerrero
No. 7 Kagawad Irenio Lao-at
Barangay Secretary Ricky Bongcoy
Barangay Treasurer Padua Laclacan
Barangay Day Care Worker Ernesta Diguel
Sangguniang Kabataan Chairman Jeofrey Tagaban

2. List Of Barangay Tanods

Damaso Bumacas
Junior de la Cruz
Marcelo Coop
Melecio Ladangan
Noel Atas

3. List Of Lupong Tagapamayapa

Punong Brgy. Benito Calapus Chairman

Kgd. Apolonio Pacalso Member
Kgd. Martin Gaong Member
Kgd. Rodolfo Baday Member
Kgd. Basilio Yagpasen Member
Kgd. Carlos Lamangen Member
Kgd. Jose Guerrero Member

29
 Kgd. Irenio Lao-at Member
Primo Gaong Member
Henry Dibdiben Member
Caliso Maing Member
Lauro Tikiang Member

4. List of Present Organizations in the Barangay

There are five (5) organizations present in the barangay, where as

Women’s Organization has the highest number of members, see table 44.

Table 44
Inventory Of Organizations
Barangay Banaao, 1999

Names Of Organizations Number Of Members

1. Parent And Teachers Association 8
2. Banaao Youth Organization 2
3. Roman Catholic Gimong Organization 9
4. Women’s Organization 38
5. Senior Citizen 1
Source: Barangay Survey, 1999.

30