Lesson 2

Text: “A Vote of No Confidence” from “No Love for Johnnie” by

W. Fienburgh1

A Vote of No Confidence
Byrne arrived in Marshfield an hour before the meeting was due to start. He
wondered why Drake, the chairman, had thought it so important that he should be
present.
He let himself into the local Party office, a shop in the High Street which had
been turned into an office during the election in 1950. There was a photograph of
himself on one of the walls taken nine years ago which advertised:
Mr. John Byrne, your new M.P., 2 will attend at3 these offices from 6.30 p.m.
onwards every Friday evening. Bring your problems to your new Labour M.P. 2 He
will solve them for you.
Perhaps that was the trouble, he thought. He had intended to be present every
Friday evening when he was elected, for a year he had attended regularly. Every
Friday he had interviewed a couple of dozen constituents about their housing
problems, their pensions and a lot of individual problems.
After a year he started to make excuses. He could not find houses for people
when the houses did not exist, and in any case these constituency problems were
better dealt with by letter. What was the point in spending every Friday evening in
the dirty office, when there was so little he could do to help the people who waited
patiently to see him?
He decided that they had called him in order to make him promise to attend
more regularly in future.
I must win them back, he thought, for if he lost Marshfield he had lost
everything – no seat, no right of entry to the House of Commons.4
Jimmy March, the Party secretary, entered the room with his pile of agendas
and started to place them on each of the chairs. He was, too, obviously avoiding
Byrne, whom he must have noticed.
“Hello, Jimmy,” Byrne called cheerfully, “always on the job.”
“Oh, hello.”
Byrne could feel the hostility in the emphatic way March moved round the
room.
“I hear there’s likely to be a spot of bother tonight,” Byrne said.
“Perhaps.”
“Of course, I’ll be along more regularly on Fridays in future now we’re in
Government.”5
“It’ll be a change to see you,” March said indifferently.
The door opened again and Charlie Drake, the chairman, came into the room,
anxiously.
“Glad you’re here, Johnnie,” he said, shaking Byrne’s hand.
“I got your message, what’s wrong?” Byrne asked.
“I’m none too sure. Some of them want to move a vote of no confidence in
you.”
“Damn it, they’ve only just elected me.”
“I know, I know. One or two of them weren’t keen even then.”
“But what have I done? There hasn’t been time to do anything since we got
back.”
“They’ve got hold of something.”
“Are you with me?”6 Byrne asked anxiously.
There was no reassurance in Drake’s voice, although he did nod his head.
“Oh, yes ... but I’m only the chairman. I’ve got to go with the will of the meeting.”
One by one the committee members came in. Some of them smiled and
nodded to him, but too many of them either did not want to catch his eye or were
intentionally avoiding him. Annoyance gave way to fear. This was serious. There
was obviously a prearranged plot on hand, and most of the younger people knew
about it and were behind it. The older members of the committee sensed the
atmosphere, but were unaware of the details. Whatever had started the crisis, 7 he
had to depend on the old hands against the youngsters. So his obvious tactic was to
play for their support.
Drake was nervous, he showed it in the way the table shook when he rose and
rested his hand on it.
“We’d better make a start,” he said.
Ted Collins jumped to his feet in the far back corner.
“This is it,”8 Byrne thought. “This is the start.”
Collins said: “I gave you notice that we wanted to discuss a vital matter
concerning our Member. We can do it or we can wait. But to my way of thinking it
would be better to get on with it.”
There was a growl of “hear-hears.”9
“I’m in your hands,” Drake said weakly, “but it’s not right. This should come
at the end.”
“Now,” Byrne thought, “I’d better make a move.” He stood up.
“I agree with Ted. I don’t know what you want to discuss but let’s get on with
it.”
He sat down. One up to him.10 They could not now accuse him of trying to
hide behind the rules.
“All right,” said Drake, “but don’t take too long about it, Ted. We’ve a lot of
business to get through.”
Now that Ted Collins had the floor» he seemed to grow in Byrne’s eyes. He
was quietly confident and very sure.
“Mr. Chairman, Comrades, I don’t particularly enjoy the task which lies
before me. But it has been brought to my notice that our Member has recently been
involved in a series12 of incidents in the House of Commons which amount to a
direct betrayal of the cause for which we all worked so unselfishly at the recent
election. What I want to say is this. This so-called Socialist Government which we
just elected is about to start on a programme of repression in the Middle East,13 on
a plan to use British troops, our lads, lads from Marshfield perhaps, in a wicked
imperialist adventure in the Middle East. This right-wing14 Government which we
struggled to elect has given orders to support the Sheikh of Masran15 in
suppressing the democratically elected assembly.
“Where does our Member come into this? I will tell you. He was to raise the
matter on the floor in the House. A large group of fellow-members were ready to
support him. But what happened? The man we sent to Westminster16 to safeguard
democracy betrayed the workers of Masran. He let down his comrades in the
House,4 because when the time came to approach the Prime Minister, before the
eyes of the whole country, our Member was hiding somewhere.
“I say this, we can have no confidence in a man who is not prepared to stand
up for his principles. We cannot put our trust in a turncoat. He has let democracy
down. He has let us down. I move.”17
He sat down.
Sarah Robson jumped to her feet. “I’d like to second the motion,18 Mr.
Chairman. This isn’t the first time our Member has failed us. How often have we
seen him here in the last year or two? Time after time people have stopped me in
the street and complained that they have written to the Member and had no reply.”
Byrne knew he had to answer to this.
The broad, full, self-important figure of Alderman19 Raymond Glen rose to
speak.
“I don’t like to say this, but blunt speaking is my motto. You all know me. I’ll
say to a man’s face what others say behind his back. I’m afraid our Member has
got a bit too big for his boots.20 He’ll do well to remember that we public figures
owe everything to the people who put us there.”
Byrne rose firmly. He dared not allow another speech against him.
“What is the basis for this attack?” he asked. “That I talked to the Prime
Minister and tried to get him to change his mind on Masran? And I can say this,
knowing that I can trust you, that the Prime Minister gave me firm promises which
were satisfactory, as time will show.” Then, his words became emphatic, almost
sincere. “The Prime Minister took me fully into his confidence. All will be for the
best, I make no apology for what I have done.”
He was sticking his neck out too far,21 he thought. But if troops were sent to
Masran he could always say that the P.M.22 had deceived him, gone back on his
word and let him down.
“Now I come to the more serious part of our friendly discussion, the charge
that I have ignored the constituency. Let me tell you this. During the past year I
have addressed ninety-two public meetings up and down the country as my
contribution to defeat the Tories.” He invented the figures as he went along. He
had learned from experience that it was always more effective to give the exact
figures – provided, of course, no one was in a position to check your figures. But
as he spoke he knew that he did not sound convincing, and he suddenly understood
that they did not trust him. I’ve lost, he thought. I’m beaten.
“Vote,” someone shouted.
Charlie Drake looked round anxiously.
“In view of the Member’s explanation, does Mr. Collins wish to withdraw his
motion?”
 “No,” an uncompromising reply from the back.
“Then we’ll have to vote. Those in favour of the vote of no confidence in our
Member.”
Drake counted slowly. “One, two ... thirty-one, thirty-two, thirty-three.
Against.”
Five hands went up. There were no abstentions.
Charlie Drake was speaking.
“This is a very serious decision. And it can’t do the Party any good coining so
soon after the election. Let’s leave it like this, we’ve made our decision – now let’s
say to our Johnnie here that he’s on trial. Are you agreed?”
“Agreed,” they said, once they had made their point.
Byrne wanted to thank them, to say something, to promise to behave himself.
But he could not. Everything in the room was swimming in front of his eyes. It had
been a narrow escape. Yet he should have seen it coming.
Following the election he had concentrated too much on his step-by-step
progress in Parliament. He had been too ambitious. For years his mind had been
constantly busy with the problem: if I take this line, how will it influence my
position in the Party? What are my chances? What initiative can I take to push me
a half-inch23 further towards the Ministerial office and the Ministerial car? He
would have to be more careful in the future.

NOTES

1. Wilfred Fienburgh (1919-195S), English writer. During the war he took

part in the Normandy Invasion. After the war he became a trade union official. In
1951 he was elected Labour M.P. for North Islington. He died in 1953 after a car
accident. A few days before his death he sent the manuscript of No Love for
Johnnie to a publishing house; it was published in 1959.
2. M.P. Member of Parliament.
Labour M.P.: Member of Parliament from the Labour Party.
3. attend may be followed by at to indicate the place where one attends or is
to attend. E.g. It was requested that he attend at the office at 10 a.m. next
Thursday.
4. the House of Commons == the House палата громад
the House of Lords == the Lords палата лордів
5. in Government: in power — при владі
6. Are you with me=Are you on my side? Will you support me?
7. crisis [‘kraisis] as many other Greek words absorbed into the language
(basis, thesis, analysis, etc.) keeps its Greek plural form: crises (bases, theses,
analyses, etc.)
8. This is it: here — почалося
9. hear! hear! int. An expression of support for the speaker’s words, loosely
corresponding to the Ukrainian: правильно говорити
10. One up to him: one point in his favour
11. to have (take) the floor: to address a meeting, to speak in debate
 12. series: a number of; one form is used lor both the singular and the plural
13. the Middle East: близький Схід
14. right-wing: reactionary – правий, реакційний Compare: left-wing –
лівий, прогресивний
15. Sheikh of Masran: ruler of Masran (an imaginary Arab state)
16. Westminster=Palace of Westminster, seat of British Parliament
17. to move=to make a motion: to make a formal request or proposal at a
meeting – вносити пропозицію
18. to second: to support a motion. No motion will be voted upon unless it is
seconded
19. Alderman: one of the senior members of a city or county council
20. to be too big for one’s boots: to pretend to be more important than one is
in fact
21. to stick one’s neck out (too far): to expose oneself to danger
22. P.M.: Prime Minister
23. inch; дюйм (=2,5 см) a unit of length used before decimalisation
(десяткова система) was officially introduced in Britain in February 1971

VOCABULARY NOTES
elect vt
1. to elect a representative (committee, 1. вибирати, обирати (голосуванням)
etc.); to elect smb chairman (secretary,
delegate).
He was elected deputy to the local
Council.

election n 2. вибори, загальні вибори

2. general election(s) 3. проводити вибори
3. Phr. hold an election 4. передвиборча кампанія, результати
4. election campaign/results виборів
5. балотуватися
5. How many candidates are standing
for election? 6. виставляти свою кандидатуру
6. to run for election 7. виграти/програти вибори
7. to win/lose an election 8. боротися на виборах
8. to fight an election 9. голосувати на виборах
9. to vote in elections 10. призначати вибори
10. to fix an election 11. фальсифікувати вибори
11. to rig an election 12. вкрасти голос
12. to steal a vote
In America, presidential elections are
held every four years.
The prime minister is about to call an
election.
 elector n виборець
Since there are 538 electors, 270 votes
are necessary to win the presidency.

electoral а
an electoral system виборчий
avoid vt
1. to avoid smth/smb (doing smth) 1. уникати, цуратися, ухилятися
to avoid difficulties (an accident, a
person, etc.)
He avoided answering my question.
You should avoid mentioning his
divorce.

2. Idiom: to avoid somebody/something 2. боятися як вогню; боятися як чорт

like the plague свяченої води
He’s been avoiding me like the plague
since the party last Saturday.

vote vt
1. to vote for (against) smb/smth 1. голосувати за (проти)
The meeting voted on the proposal point
by point.

2. to vote in favour of something 2. голосувати на користь

Over 60% of members voted in favour
of (= for) the motion.

vote n
3. put to (the) vote 3. ставити на голосування
4. to give one’s vote to smb 4. віддати свій голос на користь
5. to have the right to vote. 5. мати право голосувати
There were 21 votes for and 17 against
the motion, with two abstentions.

6. vote of (no)confidence 6. вотум (не)довіри

voter n 7. виборець
Furthermore, most voters do not really
make electoral choices.
confident аdj
1. a confident look (manner, smile, 1. впевнений
answer, etc.)

2. to be confident of smth/ doing smth, 2. бути впевненим в чомусь

The team feels confident of winning.

confidence n
3. to have much (little, no) confidence in 3. впевненість, довіра
smb/smth
He spoke with confidence.

4. Idiom: be in somebody’s confidence 4. користуватися довірою

(to be trusted with somebody’s secrets)
He is said to be very much in the
President’s confidence.

5. Idiom: take somebody into your 5. довіритися комусь

confidence (to tell somebody secrets and
personal information about yourself)
She took me into her confidence and
told me about the problems she was
facing.

confidential аdj
6. confidential information 6. конфіденційний, секретний
a confidential report
keen adj
1. a keen look (interest, mind, 1. гострий, проникливий (погляд,
intelligence, sense of humour, etc.) розум)

2. to be keen on smth (doing smth) 2. пристрасно бажаючий, який

He is keen on football. захоплюється чимось
He was keen on winning the game.

3. Idiom: (as) keen as mustard 3. повний ентузіазму

4. Idiom: mad keen (on) 4. божеволіти; сильно захоплюватися

He’s mad keen on planes.

aware adj (used only predicatively)

to be (acutely, intensely, keenly) aware обізнаний
of danger (crisis, the situation)
He was well aware of the problem.

support vt
1. to support a party (a sports team, a 1. підтримувати
proposal, etc.)
to support smb in his plans (ideas, work,
etc.)
These measures are strongly supported
by environmental groups.

support n
2. They spoke in support of his plan. 2. підтримка; на підтримку
I wrapped a bandage around my ankle to
give it some support.
She held on to his arm for support.

betray vt
1. to betray a secret (interests, friends) 1. зраджувати
2. to betray smth/smb to smb. 2. видавати
3. His voice betrayed him. 3. підводити
She was terrified of saying something
that would make her betray herself.

betrayal n
4. a sense/a feeling/an act of betrayal 4. зрада, зрадливість
Memories of betrayal still haunted her.
selfish аdj
1. a selfish person (interests, reasons, 1. егоїстичний, корисливий
behaviour)
It was selfish of him to leave all the
work to you.
A pretty selfish attitude.

unselfish аdj
2. She is an outgoing, unselfish, and 2. безкорисливий, самовідданий
loving person.

selfishness n
He was the victim of his own greed and 3. егоїзм
selfishness.

struggle vi
to struggle for peace (independence, 1. боротися за/проти
equal rights)
to struggle against smb/smth
He struggled to succeed in business,

struggle n
a revolutionary (political, successful) 2. боротьба
struggle
 trust vt
1. to trust smb to do smth 1. довіряти, покладатися на
Can they be trusted to look after the
house?
He can be fully trusted. 2. доручати
2. to trust smb with a task (job, etc.)
I’d trust her with my life.

trust n довіра
3. Idiom: in somebody’s trust, in the 3. під опікою
trust of somebody
The family pet was left in the trust of a
neighbour.

4. Phr. have (put) trust in smb. 4. довіритися

If you put your trust in me, I will not let
you down.

5. Idiom: not trust somebody an 5. не вірити жодному слову

inch/not trust somebody as far as you
can throw them

6. Ant.: mistrust, distrust 6. недовіра

Local people regard the police with
suspicion and distrust.

trusting adj
7. She’s so trusting of people. 7. довірчий

trustworthy adj
8. Many people do not see politicians as 8. надійний
trustworthy.

owe vi
1. to owe smb money (a book, an 1. бути в боргу перед кимось,
apology, an explanation, etc.) заборгувати
How much do I owe you for the
groceries?
He owes much of his success to his
friends.
I think you owe us an explanation.

sincere аdj
1. a sincere person (remark, look, etc.) 1. щирий, чесний, відвертий
sincere interests (feelings, intentions,
etc.)
sincere in something.
She is never completely sincere in what
she says about people.

insincere аdj
2. “It’s so good to see you again,” she 2. нещирий, дволичний
said, with an insincere smile.

sincerity n
3. I can say in all sincerity that I knew 3. щирість
nothing of these plans.

favour n
1. Will you do me a favour? 1. послуга

2. Phr. in favour of smb/smth 2. на захист, на користь

He spoke in favour of the arrangement.
They were all in favour of continuing
the discussion.
3. to find favour with 3. знайти (отримати) підтримку
The suggestion to close the road has
found favour with local people.

4. Idiom: the cards/odds are stacked in 4. шанси складені на вашу користь

your favour

deceive vt
1. His fine words deceived nobody. 1. обманювати, вводити в оману

2. to be deceived in one’s hopes 2. обманутий в надіях або

(expectations, etc.) сподіваннях

3. deceive somebody into doing 3. змусити обманним шляхом робити

something
She deceived him into handing over all
his savings.

escape vi/vt
1. to escape from a burning house (a 1. рятуватися, тікати
sinking ship; prison)
I was lucky to escape with minor
injuries.

2. to escape danger (punishment, death, 2. уникнути (небезпеки, смерті)

prison)

3. to escape notice (memory, (one’s) 3. залишитися непоміченим

attention, etc.);
escape n втеча
4. It was a narrow escape. 4. Йому дивом вдалося уникнути
небезпеки.

defeat vt
1. to defeat the enemy (smb’s plans) 1. перемагати, завдати поразки
2. to suffer a defeat 2. терпіти поразку
They finally had to admit defeat

influence n
1. to have much (little, no) influence 1. вплив
on/over smb/smth
to be under smb’s influence;
She could probably exert her influence
over the manager and get you a job.
influence vt
Several factors are likely to influence 2. впливати
this decision.
influential аdj
an influential person 3. впливовий

WORD COMBINATIONS
make excuses шукати привід, виправдання
play for smb’s support домагатися чиєїсь підтримки
give way to поступитися дорогою, змінюватися (про настрій)
on hand наявний в розпорядженні, в наявності, в
наявності
give notice попередити (офіційно)
make a move робити хід, діяти
get smth through довести що-л до кінця
bring to smb’s notice звернути чиюсь увагу
amount to рівнятися
let smb down підводити кого-л
stand up for smb/smth виступати на захист, на підтримку кого-л /
чогось
go back on one’s word відступитися від свого слова
in view of зважаючи, з огляду на
 EXERCISES ON THE TEXT
Ex. 1. Answer the following questions.
1. What had been John Byrne’s intentions on election?
2. Why did he start avoiding his duties by his constituents in his second
year as M.P.?
3. What excuses did he make?
4. What did Byrne realise as he watched the committee members come
in?
5. Who was first to take the floor?
6. What complaints were there against the M.P.?
7. Why was suddenly Byrne seized with fear?
8. Why couldn’t he afford to hear out all the committee members who
wished to speak?
9. What did Byrne have to say in his defence?
10. Why did Byrne sound unconvincing?
11. What motion was put to vote?
12. How did the voting go?
13. What decision was finally taken by the meeting?
14. Why was it a narrow escape for Byrne?
15. What actually accounted for Byrne’s indifference to the needs of his
constituents?
16. What had been Byrne’s real aims in getting elected to Parliament?
17. What lesson did Byrne draw from the experience?

Ex. 2. Find in the text the English for:

Part I
1. за годину до початку зборів
2. увійти (відкривши двері своїм ключем)
3. житлова проблема
4. в будь-якому випадку
5. повернути чиюсь довіру
6. відчувати ворожість
7. навмисно уникати когось
8. заздалегідь підготовлений
9. покладатися на когоcь
10. домагатися чиєїсь підтримки
11. підскочити на ноги
12. питання надзвичайної важливості
13. вжити захід
14. очко на користь
15. виявитися замішаним в ряді інцидентів
16. віддати приказ
17. відстоювати свої принципи
18. прямота висловлювань
 19. сказати в обличчя
20. говорити за спиною
21. загордитися про себе
22. дати тверді запевнення
23. порушити слово
24. знати з досвіду
25. точні цифрові дані
26. перевірити цифрові дані
27. звучати непереконливо
28. домогтися свого
Part II
1. вибори
2. член парламенту від лейбористської партії
3. виборці
4. виборчий округ
5. місце (в парламенті)
6. палата громад
7. порядок денний
8. прийти до влади
9. голова
10. внести пропозицію про вотум недовіри
11. підкоритися волі зборів
12. отримати слово
13. зробити запит в парламенті
14. внести пропозицію
15. підтримати пропозицію
16. громадський діяч
17. зняти пропозицію
18. голосувати
19. підраховувати голоси «за» і «проти»
20. утримався (при голосуванні)
21. міністерський портфель (пост)

Ex. 3. Give the four forms of the following verbs.

deal, win, lose, feel, shake, hold, nod, catch, rise, hide, grow, raise, betray, sit,
stop, reply, owe, stick, find, beat, withdraw, agree, swim.

Ex. 4. Translate the following sentences using “whatever”.

1. Чим би він не займався, він завжди доводить справу до кінця.
2. Які б не були її сумніви, це не повинно вплинути на її рішення.
3. Що б не трапилося, ви можете бути впевнені, що він не втратить
голову.
4. Що б не говорив лектор, все представляє великий інтерес для
студентів.
5. У них не було ніяких сумнівів, що дослід пройде успішно.
 6. Все, що стало відомо про місяць в світлі останніх відкриттів, має
величезне значення для науки.
7. На переговорах треба відстоювати свою точку зору незалежно
від того, яку позицію займе інша сторона в цьому питанні.
8. Йому доведеться прийняти їх умови, які б вони не були.
9. П’єса, на жаль, не справила на неї абсолютно ніякого враження.
10. Яка б не була мета його візиту, ми завжди раді бачити його.

EXERCISES ON PREPOSITIONS AND ADVERBS

Ex. 5. Study the following phrases and a) recall the sentences in which they
are used in text; b) use them when retelling the text.
interview smb about smth; by letter; in (the) future; one by one; give way to
fear; on hand; be behind smth (fig.), to be unaware of; play for; jump to one’s
feet; get on with; get through (some business); bring to smb’s notice; be involved
in; amount to; at the election; start on a programme; let smb/smth down;
confidence in; stand up for; put trust in; say to smb’s face; basis for; take into
one’s confidence; for the best; go back on one’s word; in view of; in favour of;
concentrate on; busy with.

Ex. 6. Fill in the blanks with prepositions or adverbs.

Part I
1. ... view ... the approaching conference the organisation committee is
busy ... all kinds of arrangements.
2. He found it difficult to concentrate ... the work with so many people
around.
3. Are you brave and honest enough to say right ... his face what you are
saying ... his back?
4. It was much easier to deal ... the problem ... letter than face the angry
customer and account ... all the things that ought to have been done but never had.
5. The actress’s indifference gave way ... pleasure as soon as the man
introduced himself as a reporter and said that he had come to interview her ... her
latest successful film.
6. There was hardly anything to say ... support ... his plan.
7. Let him do the work alone, it will give him confidence ... himself.
8. ... first they couldn’t make ... who was ... the plan.
9. How could she have let them ...! They put ah their trust ... her.
10. His betrayal was brought ... our knowledge only recently.
11. Having got lost ... a strange city once, I never leave the hotel now
without a city-plan.
12. The young worker can be trusted ... the work, he won’t spoil it.
13. With so much work ... hand I can hardly think ... going ... a holiday
now.
14. He is sure to stand ... ... his friends ... any circumstances.
15. She did not answer the question ... once. She was evidently playing ...
time.
 16. I regret to say his help did not amount ... much.
17. When the old woman got ... the bus, a young man sitting next ... the
door jumped ... his feet and offered her his seat.
18. The boys continued playing football unaware ... the rain.
19. If he promises something he’ll never get back ... his word.
20. He was proud to have been taken ... their confidence.
Part II
Opening the envelope Dave pulled ... a printed form:
“The Chicago Great Midland Railroad Company no longer needs the services
of Mr. David Spaas as carbuilder. Mr. Spaas will report... the office ... once and
hand ... the keys.”
... moment Dave could not think what to do next. Surprise gave way ... anger.
He had expected many kinds ... attacks, but he had not expected this; how much
easier it was ... them to deal ... his case ... letter. He searched his mind trying to
remember if he had made any mistakes ... the job that could have given them an
excuse, even a thin one, to fire him. He could think ... nothing. He put the letter ...
his pocket and walked over ... Halsted Street ... breakfast.
Dave sat ... the corner and waited ... Uncle Jennison who’d most likely soon
be coming ... a cup of coffee. He knew Jennison could be trusted ... his case. He
would stand ... him.
When Uncle Jennison came ... Dave waited while he filled his cup, then came
over ... his table. Uncle Jennison stared ... him, his cup half raised ... his lips. “I’ve
got something ... you,” Dave held ... his letter.
“They sent you this?” Jennison asked.
“Does that surprise you?”
“No, boy. I expected it. I saw it coming.”
“Suppose you come ... ... the office ... me now, Jennison, and tell them you’re
going to fight ... me, support me.”
Uncle Jennison shook his head. It amounted ... a refusal. He did not want to
be involved. “I can’t do it. I can’t do it, Davey. They should have told you.”
“Told me what?”
“That you’re no longer a member ... this union. Now I can say nothing ... your
defence or ... your favour, either.”
“What are the charges they made ... me?”
“Belonging ... the Communist Party.”
“Why didn’t you tell me sooner? You’ve let me ... . And I’ve put all my trust
... you. I might have had a chance to defend myself.” Dave’s voice betrayed his
excitement.
“They wouldn’t have given you the chance, boy.”
(after “The Great Midland” by A. Saxton)

Ex. 8. Give the English for the following phrases, using the preposition
‘under’ in its different meanings. Use the phrases in sentences of your own.
I. a) під будинком, під підлогою, під дахом, під мостом, під деревом, під
парасолькою; звільнити;
 b) під водою, під землею;
c) книга під пахвою, пісок під ногами.
II. під командою, під керівництвом, під керуванням.
III. за (даних, таких) обставин.
IV. згідно з домовленістю, за умовами договору, відповідно до закону.
V. на розгляді, на обговоренні, на ремонті.
VI. під враженням, під підозрою, під наглядом.
MISCELLANEOUS PHRASES
стаття під заголовком; писати під псевдонімом; жити під чужим ім’ям;
народитися під щасливою зіркою; неповнолітній; діти, віком до 16 років;
перебувати під чиїмось впливом; під покровом ночі.

EXERCISES IN LEXICOLOGY

Ex. 9. Read and translate the following. Give the meaning of the prefix «pre».
1. The local museum is reported to have received an impressive
collection of exhibits belonging to pre-historic times.
2. The pre-view of a film is always a very important event.
3. Their course of action seemed to be predetermined.
4. He suspected that there was a prearranged plot on hand.
5. It looks as if you had a prejudged opinion of the man.

Ex. 10. Recast the following using verbs with the suffix ‘-ize(ise)’ instead of
the words in bold type. Make other necessary changes.
1. Productivity of labour largely depends on mechanization and
automation.
2. The compact disc seems to have made a revolution in the way music is
recorded and consumed.
3. What are the characteristic features of the economy of developing
countries?
4. In order to sell their goods sellers will place advertisements in
newspapers and magazines.
5. Realization of their plan turned out to be no easy thing under the
circumstances.
6. Recognition came late in his literary career.
7. He didn’t object to criticism provided it was fair.

Ex. 11. Recast the following using adjectives with the suffix ‘-ous’ instead of
the words in bold type. Make other necessary changes:
1. The seriousness of the situation couldn’t be denied.
2. The tourists were aware that the mountain climb was full of danger.
3. Her trembling hands betrayed her anxiety.
4. A person who is filled with ambition always works hard.
5. His sudden disappearance from town was a mystery.
6. The rain which continued for days on end delayed the construction of
the bridge.
7. The book “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage” (1812) brought Byron
immediate fame.

Ex. 12. Paraphrase the following using verbs instead of the nouns in bold
type.
1. You may put your trust in the man, he won’t let you down.
2. He thought he’d better make a move for the door before the bus
stopped.
3. Two counts were necessary before he was certain of the figures.
4. What are the charges against the man?
5. In his efforts to win he depended on his friends’ support and help.
6. Don’t waste time. You’d better make a start.
7. It was a remarkable jump. The sportsman set a new record.
8. The man had a keen sense of danger.
9. She greeted me with a cheerful smile.

Ex. 13. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. Make sentences
with the phrases in bold type.
1. Mechanization in agriculture went hand in hand with its
modernization.
2. It was a step by step progress towards the aim he had set himself.
3. They reminded him about his promise time after time but he always
had an excuse.
4. They were seen to walk along the street arm in arm.
5. The items on the agenda were taken up one by one.
6. Once she started on her favourite subject there was no stopping her.
She would talk on and on.
7. Little by little he was coming to realize the importance of his
professor’s words.

Ex. 14. Replace the words in bold type by a suitable phrasal verb from the
list.
look smb up get on with smth get through with smth
put off
let smb down give smb away stand up for smth

1. He is a good fighter the kind of man who will defend his principles to
the last.
2. Her disappointment was obvious; it was her trembling lips that
betrayed her.
3. Though the task was far from pleasant, there was no other way but to
start with it. In fact, the sooner he finished it, the better.
4. That he should have failed a friend was unthinkable.
5. We hoped that our friend would visit us some time later in the
evening.
 6. The matter was all-important and could not be postponed.

VOCABULARY EXERCISES

Ex 15. Fill in the blanks with a suitable word in the correct form. Translate
the sentences into Ukrainian:

to avoid to elect selfish to trust

aware to escape sincere trust
to betray favour sincerity to vote
confidence to influence to struggle
confident keen to support
defeat to owe support

1. All the committee members ... in favour of the proposal.

2. There was no reason to doubt the girl’s ... in wishing to help.
3. The words were out before he could check them. Now there was no
way of ... embarrassment.
4. His ... at the championship was something he still had to get over. He
remembered his trainer saying that it would never do to be too ... of one’s success.
5. As it was, the man could produce no evidence in ... of his accusation
and agreed to withdraw it.
6. If you wish for my true opinion, I’m not very ... on detective stories,
they never seem to amount to much.
7. From long years of experience he had learned to ... nobody’s
judgement in such matters but his own.
8. The young scientist ... much of his success to the professor who had
always ... him whole-heartedly in whatever he did.
9. He had certainly been most ... in his intentions, but what actually came
of his efforts is quite a different matter.
10. The students had met to ... someone as their representative on the
committee.
11. I made another effort but it was hopeless. It looked as if the name had
... my memory completely.
12. The doctor walked on, lost in thought, and it was several minutes
before he became ... of what was happening around.
13. My friend explained that the information had been given him in ... and
he just couldn’t see himself betraying the ... put in him.
14. The young man’s manner clearly ... his emotion. He was asking no ...,
he said, he was demanding his rights.
15. ... people seldom have friends.
16. The boat was ... against a heavy wind.
17. It was useless trying to ... the girl. Her mind was made up.

Ex. 16. Paraphrase the following, using words and word combinations from
the text. Make all other necessary changes.

to escape smb’s notice to be keen on smth (2) to influence to give way to

a narrow escape to defeat to play for smth to avoid

1. First she laughed and then she cried, as it often happens with people
who are overexcited.
2. He was all but killed in the accident.
3. Her words had no effect on me, as I had made my choice and would
stick to it whatever happened.
4. It seemed funny that in all my walks about the city I had never
noticed the house before.
5. There was no getting away from the truth; it was staring him in the
face. 6. The speaker was obviously trying to win the support of the audience.
6. The man had always been ambitious for success.
7. He had lost the game, but he was not beaten yet. There was still
plenty of fight in him.
8. He was a man of broad interests, fond of many things and especially
music.

Ex. 17. Speak on the following topics. Use the words and phrases given
below.
1. John Byrne, Labour MP, Arrives In Marshfield
to get a message; to request smb’s presence; to hurry down; to let oneself in;
to take a look around; an election poster; to advertise smb; to intend to do smth; to
interview constituents; housing problems; individual problems; to come to the
conclusion that; to deal with smth by letter; no point in doing smth; to make
excuses; to ignore one’s duties; to wonder about the message; to make a guess; to
win back one’s constituents; not to afford to lose one’s seat in Parliament;

2. The Committee Members Show Their Attitude

Jimmy March: the Party Secretary; to carry a pile of agendas; avoid smb
obviously; to be hostile in one’s attitude to smb; to show one’s hostility; to make
sarcastic remarks;
Charlie Drake: the chairman; anxious; nervous; to be faced with an
unpleasant task; to have no reassurance to offer smb; to express the general
attitude; to go with the will of the meeting; not to promise support; to wonder
about the best way to handle the matter; not to be keen on smth; to find smth
embarrassing;
Committee members: to smile and to nod to smb; to avoid smb intentionally;
to avoid catching smb’s eye; the younger members; to be behind the plot; the older
members; to sense the atmosphere; to be unaware of the details;

3. Byrne Senses Danger

an experienced politician; to take in the situation at a glance; to realise smth; a
prearranged plot on hand; to give way to; to fight down panic; to play for smb’s
support; to play the game carefully; to watch one’s step; to deny everything;

4. The Heart of the Matter

Ted Collins: to take the floor; to express the general opinion of the meeting;
to make a statement concerning a vital matter; to be eager to get on with smth; to
be supported by the meeting; to make an accusation; to ask smb to account for’ his
line of action; to be involved in a series of incidents; to amount to direct betrayal of
the cause; to support a program of repressions; a wicked imperialist adventure; to
support a reactionary regime in suppressing a democratically elected assembly; to
be expected to safeguard democracy; to betray smb; to have no confidence in smb;
not to stand up for one’s principles; to call smb a turncoat; to refuse to put one’s
trust in smb; to let smb down; to expose smb fully; to move a proposal;
Sarah Robson: to support the charges; to have more proofs; to wish to clear
up the matter with smb; to ignore the needs of the constituents; serious complaints;
to second the motion;
Alderman Raymond Glen: blunt speaking; to be one’s motto; to say smth to
a man’s face; to get too big for one’s boots; to owe smth to smb; to remind smb of
his duties;

5. Byrne Decides It is Time to Act

to rise firmly; not to dare allow another speech against himself; to think
feverishly; to look for a reasonable explanation; to talk smoothly; to account for
the incident; an imaginary meeting with the Prime Minister; to invent smth on the
spot; to take smb into one’s confidence; to give firm promises; to realise that one is
sticking his neck out too far; to think of all the possibilities; to make smb
responsible for smth; to accuse smb of smth; to deceive smb; to go back on one’s
word; to invent further explanations; to answer the charge about ignoring the
constituency; to make one’s words sound emphatic, almost sincere; to address
public meetings; to make one’s contribution to the defeat of the Tories; to invent
the figures; to learn from experience; to be effective; to be in no position to check
the figures; not to sound convincing; to have a sense of defeat; to deceive no one;

6. The Matter is Put to the Vote

to be on the agenda; to move a proposal; to second the motion; to refuse to
withdraw one’s motion; a vote of no confidence; to vote by a show of hands; to
count the votes; to vote in favour of (against); an abstention; the chairman; to sum
up the general opinion; to put smb on trial;

7. Byrne Draws His Own Conclusions

a narrow escape; to suffer shock, to be overconfident, selfish, ambi tious; to
have no principles; to aim at a successful political career; to be prepared to pay any
price; to betray the interests of the constituents; to ignore the needs of the
constituency; to promote one’s selfish aim; one’s true ambition; one’s step-by-step
progress in Parliament; not to change; not to be influenced by smth; to take the
warning; to be more careful in the future.

Ex. 18. Fill in the blanks with ‘avoid’ or ‘escape’ according to tin sense.
Translate the sentences into Ukrainian.
1. The best way to ... influenza during a flu epidemic is to ... crowd.
2. He wondered how that particular detail could have ... his attention.
3. She usually walked home from the office to ... the rush hour crowds in
the underground.
4. She’s a very observant person, nothing ever seems to ... her notice.
5. As usual the boy had got away with his tricks and ... punishment.
6. The title of the book ... my memory.
7. Only when the car had passed did he realise how close he had been to
danger and how lucky he was in ... it.
8. Several times the Gadfly had narrowly ... being caught by the police.
9. He didn’t ask any personal questions ... embarrassing his visitor.
10. For some time now he had been ... our company.
11. There could be no mistake about the hissing sound, it was gas ... from
the container.
12. They say that the only way to get the best of an argument is to ... it.

Ex. 19. Translate the following sentences using the verbs ‘to choose’ or ‘to
elect’ according to the sense.
1. Збори одноголосно обрали Марічку головою студентського
наукового товариства.
2. З усіх запропонованих тем він вибрав саме цю, оскільки
проблема розвитку життя на землі його завжди дуже цікавила.
3. Не так-то легко вибрати в подарунок належну книгу. Тут треба
врахувати і смак, і інтерес, і, навіть, вік.
4. Кого обрали делегатом на профспілкову конференцію від вашої
групи?
5. Якби їй запропонували почати спочатку, вона б вибрала ту ж
саму професію – професію перекладача.
6. Нашого профессора вибрали депутатом до місцевої ради.
 ADDITIONAL EXERCISES ON GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Ex. 20. Translate into English using Subjunctive Mood forms and active
vocabulary units.
1. Я вимагаю, аби усі присутні зареєструвалися за годину до
початку зборів.
2. Цікаво, що завадило йому відкрити двері своїм ключем.
3. Не можу повірити. що ти переймаєшся через житлову проблему.
4. У будь якому випадку, тобі було б краще повернути довіру
виборців.
5. Я наполягаю. щоб голоси «за» і «проти» були перераховані чесно.
6. Час тобі вже забути про міністерський портфель.
7. Дивно, що він не відчув ворожість під час зборів.
8. Ти поводишся, начебто навмисно уникаєш мене.
9. Бажано, щоб усі взяли участь у виборах.
10. Головнокомандуючий віддав наказ відправити війська до Сирії.
11. Чи можливо, щоб він сам вніс пропозицію, а потім утримався під
час голосування?
12. Батько наполягав, щоб я не покладався на плани, що не були
підготовлені заздалегідь.
13. Громадяни вимагають, аби громадські діячі не порушували закон.
14. Якби ти не підскочив на ноги, ваза не розбилася б.
15. Необхідно, аби ми домоглися підтримки члена парламенту від
лейбористської партії.
16. Чи можливо, щоб парламент відклав обговорення цього питання
надзвичайної важливості?
17. Якби я отримав слово, я міг би сказати, що підкоряюся волі
зборів.
18. Сумнівно, щоб він наважився зробити маневр першим.
19. Час вже вам підтримати пропозицію перевірити цифрові дані.
20. Він посміхнувся, начебто подумав «Один нуль на мою користь».
21. Щоб вони не казали, він відмовлявся зняти свою пропозицію
залишити Палату Громад.
22. Шкода, що твої аргументи звучать непереконливо.
23. Ти ховаєшся від мене, начебто ти замішаний у ряді інцидентів.
24. Я пропоную зробити запит у парламенті.
25. Я б теж виглядала задоволеною, аби домоглася свого.
26. Я наполягаю, щоб ви поважали його за вміння відстоювати свої
принципи та прямоту висловлювань.
27. Складається враження, начебто ти порушила слово і знов
пліткувала у мене за спиною.
28. А що як голова внесе пропозицію про вотум недовіри?
29. Шкода, що він так загордився про себе.
30. Дивно, що така маленька партія прийшла до влади.
31. Якби ж тільки ти сказав мені, що знаєш з власного досвіду, як
легко він дає тверді запевнення!
32. Щоб сталося, якби я сказала йому в обличчя, що він ніколи не
побачить місця в Парламенті?
33. Це смішно, що «точні» цифрові данні виявилися брехнею.
34. Життєво необхідно, аби питання про проблеми нашого виборчого
округу було внесено до порядку денного.

Ex 21. Match the words and combinations in the two columns.

1 a vote a self-centered
2 confident b to beat
3 keen as mustard c considering
4 to avoid smb like the plague d self-reliant
5 to support e to strive
6 to betray a secret f excited, interested and eager
7 selfish g to affect
8 to struggle h ballot
9 to owe smb money i to give away secrets
10 a favour j to back
11 to escape danger k to be in debt
12 to defeat the enemy l to get out
13 influence m an act of kind assistance
14 in view of n to evade or elude at any cost

Ex. 21. Fill in the blanks with active vocabulary units.

1. Thanks for helping me out. I’ll return the ___________ some time.
2. Each elector may ___________ in the first ballot for no more than 18
candidates.
3. I am ___________ that with the benefit of your diplomatic experience
and skill our deliberations will be most fruitful.
4. I have an adult pupil who scored very low in assessments but is
___________.
5. Since Bob was taken into police custody, his friends have been
___________ him and his family ___________.
6. There’s not much I can do at thedoctor’s office, but I’ll come with you
to give you moral ___________.
7. Paul Burrell has refused ___________ of Princess Diana, despite
millions of offers.
8. Do you think I’m being ___________ by not letting her go?
9. I’ve been ___________ to understand this article all afternoon.
10. The football club still ___________ £2.3 million.
11. She helps me out when I have too much to do, and I return the
___________ when I can.
12. In the end she left home just ___________ the tyrannical rule of her
mother.
13. My father believed that to truly ___________ you must know him
better than yourself.
14. We live in an increasingly secular society, in which religion has less
and less ___________ on our daily lives.
15. ___________ his good behavior, the parole board has decided to
consider early release.

Ex. 22. Fill in the prepositions.

1. Though we may not agree with them, we have to give way _____
younger voters eventually.
2. It was in 1982 that his name was first brought _____ our notice.
3. When I was sent to prison, I really felt I had let my parents _____.
4. Don’t be bullied, learn to stand _____ yourself and what you believe
in.
5. I hate to go _____ my word, but I won't pay you $100 afterall.
6. _____ view_____ the mass shooting, the premier of the film was
postponed.
7. He has a huge amount of influence _____ the city council.
8. A lion has escaped from its cage.
9. he Council voted _____ favour _____ a £200 million housing
development.
10. The sound of the door closing deceived me _____ thinking they had
gone out.
11. Look here now, supposing I had kissed your hand just now, as I
offered to do _____ all sincerity, should I have hated you for it afterwards?
12. “Prince, I humbly beg you to pay me at once the fifty dollars you owe
me _____ the month,” I fired off like a shot, in a tone of irritability that was
positively rude.
13. We were obviously wrong to put our trust _____ her.
14. My family has always supported me _____ whatever I've wanted to
do.
15. He’s rather keen ___ a girl in his school.
16. Wales are supremely confident _____ winning the match.
17. We need to support our teachers _____ their efforts to raise standards.
18. No wonder he is keen _____ quantity of mates, and she _____ quality.
19. I’d trust her _____ my life.

Ex. 23. Fill in the gaps with the words and phrases from vocabulary notes.
1. When someone ___________ we should regard their secret as a sacred
trust.
2. If I'd been ___________ that things were so serious, I'd have told the
police.
3. You've been a great ___________ my mum in this difficult time.
4. Did his god help him when his own nephew___________ him ___ our
enemies?
5. 54% of ___________ were ___________, 30% against, and the rest
were undecided.
6. He was very ___________ in shaping the government's economic
strategy.
7. It would be a bit ___________ to keep them all for myself.
8. If we set off early tomorrow morning we’ll ___________ most of the
traffic.
9. He accused the ruling party of___________.
10. My background was two graduate professional parents who
___________ academic success.
11. There was a fall in ___________ the Republican Party at the
last___________.
12. The Constitution requires that all ___________ vote on the same day,
and this has always been done.
13. I am not a fan of parties – in fact I ___________ them like
___________.
14. She was too young ___________ the election.
15. Talks resumed today after Parliament passed ___________ the
government.
16. While it is too early to record any positive results yet, Pam is quietly
___________ that it will help.
17. Within a short period of tome women and men were ___________,
and I felt that I was a part of their lives.
18. The letter was marked ‘Personal. Strictly___________’.
19. In addition this animal has an exceptionally ___________ sense of
smell.
20. It was like waking up from a long sleep, I gradually became more
___________ what was going on.
21. There is a growing current of ___________ green issues among
voters.
22. We’ve entered a new world of politics now, where no one can
___________ and the truth doesn’t matter.
23. He spoke ___________; she knew he was telling her the truth about
his name.
24. I didn’t intend ___________ people ___ thinking it was French
champagne.
25. Many locals and individual unions have voted ___________ a one-
day general strike.
26. If it hadn’t been for the collar, she could easily have broken free
and___________.
27. Napoleon was ___________ by the Duke of Wellington at the battle
of Waterloo.
28. He won the ___________ and thus led one of the most ___________
and powerful states in America.
 29. People’s voting habits are ___________ political, social and economic
factors.
30. She never considers anyone but herself – she’s totally___________.

Ex. 24. Paraphrase the underlined words or phrases using synonyms from the
vocabulary notes and word combinations.
1. Politicians should be accountable to the public who put them in
power.
2. Try to keep away from foods that contain a lot of fat.
3. Instead he was too unsuspicious, perhaps, too sure of his abilities to
keep everything together.
4. It is essential that people retain faith and credence in the judicial
system.
5. A person’s medical records are private.
6. Hamish and his wife were expert fly fishers and passionate gardeners.
7. People are becoming more informed about environmental problems.
8. I think it is important to assist local businesses by buying locally.
9. In the end, the records and messages in his mobile give him away and
his affairs are exposed.
10. People revealed him their most personal matters and valued his advice
and encouragement.
11. You shouldn’t be so naïve – people take advantage of you.
12. He looks very reliable and professional and I hope things work out for
him.
13. The committee writes to express heartfelt thanks to all those who
backed us up and donated prizes.
14. He tried to fool employers and police by changing his middle name
from Philip to Clayton.
15. If a majority of members approve of strike action, dates for a walkout
will be announced.
16. They only just avoided injury of even death when the car crashed.
17. The North beat the South in the American Civil War.
18. She had admitted loss well before all the votes were counted.
19. Johnson was authoritative in persuading to put money into the film.
20. The government’s campaign is aimed at shaping public opinion.

SUPPLEMENTARY SECTION

PHRASAL VERBS AND IDIOMS

PART I
Ex. 1. Read the Manifesto paying specific attention to the items in bold.
LOCAL ELECTION MANIFESTO
Independent Party manifesto for the local council elections. We will:
• Stand up for the community and speak on behalf of residents on green
issues.
• Take complaints seriously, and give neighbourhoods a say in local
decisions.
• Allocate better funding for youth projects and ensure they are properly
managed.
• Provide grants for voluntary organizations helping with the elderly and
disabled.

Ex. 2. Study the glossary and translate the following items into Ukrainian.
English Definition Ukrainian
manifesto a written statement by a
political party saying what
they believe in and what
they intend to do
council the organization that
provides local government
in a city or area. A
councilor is an elected
member of the council
stand up for support or defend smth/smb.
syn stick up for smb inf
on behalf of smb; as the representative of smb
on smb’s behalf
resident a person who lives in a
particular place
take seriously think that smth/smb is
important and deserves
respect
say the right to take part in
deciding smth (give smb a
say / have a say in smth)
allocate smth give smth officially to
smb/smth for a particular
purpose
ensure smth make sure that smth
happens or is definite
grant a sum of money given, often
by the government, for a
purpose
voluntary (of work) done by people
(volunteers) who choose to
do it without being paid (the
voluntary sector includes
organizations called
 charities or charity
organizations, which help
people in need)

Ex. 3. One word is incorrect in each sentence. Cross it out and write the
correct word at the end.
1. I’ve read the manifests and they all say the same thing.
_________________
2. They should give us a say to what happens in our city.
_________________
3. Do you think the councilors will make our ideas seriously?
_________________
4. My sister’s done a lot of work for the volunteer sector.
_________________
5. She spoke movingly on behalf for all of us. _________________
6. They should stand out for people who don’t have a say.
_________________

Ex. 4. Complete the sentences with glossary units.

1. There are no local ___________ in my town who speak on my
___________.
2. How much do local ___________ help ___________ organizations
such as “Help the Aged”?
3. I don't really feel I ___________ a say in local politics.
4. Local politicians should ___________ up for people and
___________ their ideas seriously.
5. Do you think you can get a ___________ from the council to improve
your home?
6. There are thousands of British ___________ living in other parts of
Europe.

PART II

Ex. 1. Read the text below paying specific attention to the words in bold.
THE ROLE OF THE MAYOR
The Mayor of London is elected by any Londoners eligible to vote, and has
quite a high profile. The mayor is the capital’s spokesperson; he has a range of
powers and duties, such as promoting economic development He sets the annual
budget for the Greater London Authority (the strategic city-wide government for
London). He heads the Metropolitan Police Authority (which provides policing in
the capital), the Fire Service, the London Development Agency, and finally,
Transport for London (which controls the transport network). He also chairs
meetings of the board of Transport for London.

Ex. 2. Study the glossary and translate the following items into Ukrainian.
 English Definition Ukrainian
mayor the most important chosen or
elected official in a town or city
eligible allowed by rules or laws to do or
receive smth. opp. ineligible
high profile a person or thing with a high
profile gets attention and is
easily noticed (a high-profile
job)
spokesperson a person who speaks on behalf
of a group or an organization
promote smth help smth to happen or develop.
n promotion
budget the amount of money a person or
organization has to spend on
smth (set a budget = decide a
budget)
strategic carefully planned in order to
achieve a particular goa. n
strategy
city-wide happening or existing across the
whole ofa city (also nationwide,
worldwide)
policing the activity of keeping order in a
place, using the police
agency a business or government
department that provides a
particular service
(employment/advertising/travel
agency)
network a system of roads, lines, wires,
etc. that are connected to each
other
chair be in charge of (a meeting)
(a meeting)

Ex. 3. Tick the words which are possible. One, two, or three words may be
possible.
1. The robbery has produced a nationwide city-wide worldwide police
investigation.
2. Our department is responsible for the transport budget road
network.
3. The job has a high profile policing promotion .
 4. My uncle is the chairman chairperson chairwoman of the
transport committee.
5. We heard the chair spokesperson spokesman making a statement to
the press.
6. People under 21 may be eligible ineligible strategic to vote in the
election.

Ex. 4. Complete the sentences with a suitable word.

1. We need a large force to ____________ the city.
2. He ____________ the city around the world.
3. Mrs Bryant will ____________ the meeting.
4. He runs an employment ____________.
5. She sets the annual ____________ .
6. The rail ____________ is very complicated.
7. If you're over 18, you're ____________ to vote.
8. We have an elected ____________ in our city.

PART III

TO TAKE

Ex. 1. Study the following examples and meanings of the phrasal verb “to
take”.
Take often carries a meaning of ‘remove’, as in:
We hope you will take many happy memories away from your stay here.
Phil’s boss has agreed to take him off the night shift.
Helen took her parents out for a meal.

Take also sometimes carries a meaning of doing something quickly or

something happening quickly or abruptly, for example:
Take it away!, to take aback (surprise), to take off (of a plane) and to take out
(kill or destroy in a military battle).

Ex.2. Study these examples of the phrasal verb “to take” in the context and
translate it into Ukrainian. Below you can see the meanings of these verbs.
ORGANIZING A CHARITY CONCERT
I must say 1 was taken aback1 when I saw how much cost was involved but I
wanted it to be a memorable experience for people. A huge amount of time was
taken up2 with phone calls persuading sponsors to be involved, and so on. The
uptake3 was slow at first, but bit by bit we managed to persuade local companies
and individuals to support us. The work didn’t end when the concert was over. We
spent a whole day taking down4 the stage set and lighting and so on, but none of
that took away from5 the pleasure we got organizing it. And I think the audience
took away6 something that will stay with them for a long time. Overall it was worth
it – a great experience for all involved.
 1
very surprised
2
used
3
a number of people who committed themselves
4
removing by separating into pieces and taking the pieces away
5
made it seem less good or successful
6
remember (used about e.g. a memory, an impression, a message)

Ex. 3. Study other examples of the phrasal verb “to take” and translate them
into Ukrainian.

phrasal verb/noun example definition of

phrasal
verb/noun
take smb away He took his mum away for a week to take to a different
the coast. place
take out smth; I took a great DVD out of the library borrow
take smth out last week.
take up smth; The tutor promised to take the discuss something
take smth up problem up with the Head of or deal with
something
Department
take along smb /smth; I’d advise you to take along an take with you
take smb /smth along umbrella.
intake This year’s intake has higher exam number of people
grades than last year's. that are accepted at
a particular time by
an organization,
especially a
college or
university
take-off He does a brilliant take-off of imitation
Michael Jackson.
He was put in charge of security but remove from a job
he was taken off after just two weeks
as he was not strict enough
take smb off smth The doctor took her off the pills as stop giving
they were making her sick. someone a
particular type of
medicine
Ex. 4. Which of the phrasal verbs can have the following meanings?
1. surprise someone _____________________________
2. detract from something _____________________________
3. leave an airport (of a plane) _____________________________
4. destroy a military target _____________________________
5. borrow (of a library book) _____________________________
 Ex. 5. Complete these sentences with the correct particles.
1. My French cousin is corning to stay next week, so I plan to take her ____
when I visit my daughter at university.
2. When you’re at the library, can you return this book and take ____ another
one by the same author for me, please?
3. Personally, I took ____ a very good impression of France when I went there.
4. Joe was quite taken ____ to learn that his application had been unsuccessful.
5. Much of Nicky’s time is taken ___ with dealing with customer complaints.
6. Grandma asked the doctor to rake her ___ those tablets as she thought they
were making her feel sick.

Ex. 6. Rewrite the sentences using a phrasal verb or noun based on take.
Remember to make all the changes to the sentences that are necessary.
1. Martin does the best imitation of the Prime Minister that I have ever seen.
2. A ridiculous amount of my time is occupied by dealing with emails.
3. Even the rain could not detract from the beauty of the scene.
4. I was very surprised when I was told that I was no longer allowed to park in
front of my own house.
5. Would you like me to raise your concerns with the manager?
6. We are expecting a particularly large group of students to arrive next week.
7. We decided it would be nicer to invite our aunt for a weekend in a hotel with
us rather than having her stay with us.
8. The number of people wanting a place at the weekend seminar has been
rather disappointing.

Ex. 7. Rewrite these sentences so that the underlined words have the opposite
meaning. Make any other changes that are necessary.
1. Let’s put up the decorations tomorrow.
2. The doctor has agreed to put my elderly aunt on some pills for her arthritis.
3. When she went into town Sheila returned some library books for her
grandmother.
4. My favourite part of a flight is when the plane lands.
5. Norman’s being there added to our enjoyment of the evening.
6. After Jack had been working in the kitchens for a week, he was put on
washing-up duties.