POST-GRADUATE DEGREE PROGRAMME SEMESTER SYSTEM - RULES

AND REGULATIONS (M. Sc. in Agriculture)

1. SYSTEM OF EDUCATION
1.1 The rules and regulations provided here in shall govern all the Post Graduate
programmes (i.e) Master Degree offered by the Lucknow University, Lucknow.
1.2. The semester system shall be followed for all the Post-Graduate degree
programmes.
1.3 The duration of master's programmes is two (4 semesters) academic years. The
first year of study shall be the first and second semesters following student's
admission. The second year of study shall be the third and fourth semesters.

2. DEFINITIONS
2.1 ‘Academic year’ means a period consisting of two consecutive semesters
including the inter-semester break as announced by the Principal/Dean, Faculty of
Science/Agriculture.
2.2 ‘Co-ordinator’ means a teacher of a department who has been nominated by the
Principal of the college with the approval of Dean, Faculty of Science/ Agriculture of
the university to coordinate the post graduate programs in the department. The co-
coordinator looks after registration, time table, regulation of credit load, preparation
of class grade charts, maintenance of individual student’s files, etc.
2.3 ‘Curriculum’ is a group of courses and other specified requirements for the
Fulfillment of the post graduate degree programme.
2.4 ‘Curricula and syllabi’ refer to list of approved courses for post graduate degree
programme wherein each course is identified with a three-letter code, a course
number, outline of the syllabus, credit assigned and schedule of classes.
2.5 ‘Course’ is a teaching unit of a discipline to be covered within a semester as
detailed in the curricula and syllabi issued by the University, consisting of core,
optional and supporting courses.
2.6 ‘Credit load’ of a student during a semester is the total number of credits
registered by that student during that particular semester.
A credit in theory means one hour of classroom lecture and a credit in practical means
two and half hours of laboratory / workshop / field work per week.
2.7 ‘Grade Point’ means the total marks in percentage divided by 10 and rounded off
to two decimal places.
2.8 ‘Credit Point’ means the grade point multiplied by corresponding credit hours.
2.9 ‘Grade Point Average’ (GPA) means the total credit points secured divided by
total credit hours registered during a semester.
2.10 ‘Overall Grade Point Average’ (OGPA) means the total credit points secured
by a student for all semesters divided by total credit hours of the courses registered
and rounded off to two decimals.
2.11 ‘Report card’ is the list of courses registered by a student during a semester
along with credit points secured.
2.12 ‘Transcript card’ is the consolidated report of list of courses completed by the
student along with credit points, GPA of each semester and OGPA secured and issued
by the University.

3. POST GRADUATE PROGRAMMES

The list of various post-graduate programmes at Masters level
offered in the University are as follows:
3.1.1 MASTER OF SCIENCE IN AGRICULTURE [M.Sc.(Ag.)]
(A)Horticulture
(B)Agricultural Extension

Academic Regulation
S.No. Particulars Master Degree
1. System of Education Semester
2. Semester Duration 110 working days
including examination

3. Duration of the program 4 Semesters

(1) Minimum (2 Academic Years)

3 Eligibility for admission (1) Bachelor’s degree in

respective/related
subjects
(2) 7.0/10 or equivalent
OGPA /equivalent
percentage of marks
at Bachelor’s degree

4 Mode of Admission Entrance -cum-Academic performance

Weightage i) Entrance-60 %
ii) Undergraduate-20%
iii) 12th standard-10%
iv) 10 standards-10%
5 Minimum credit
requirement ( as per
ICAR Norms)
(1) Course work
Major* 30 Credits
Supporting 12 Credits
(outside discipline)
Sub Total 42 Credits
(2) Thesis/Project Work 06
Total 48 Credits

6 Attendance requirement 75%

7 Examination
Final theory External
Midterm Internal
Practical Internal+External
Seminar Internal

8 Project Work by review

(i) Evaluation (Credit=03) External – 1 Examiner
(ii)Viva-Voce (Credit=03) Internal – 1 Examiner

9 Grading
(1) Scale 10 Points
(2) Minimum Passing 5.5 Points
Grade in a course
(3) Minimum OGPA to 6.0 Points
obtain degree

4. ELIGIBILITY FOR ADMISSION

Candidates seeking admission to masters programme should have a four year

bachelor’s degree from State Agricultural Universities (SAU) or from other
universities recognized by UGC. Candidates seeking admission to various masters'
programmes are permitted to apply only for any two subjects. A candidate who
possesses an OGPA 7.00 out of 10.00 (or) 60 per cent aggregate or more alone are
eligible to apply for various Masters’ programmers.
Masters degree programmes Subjects

1. Horticulture B.Sc(Hort.)/B.Sc(Ag)

2 Agriculture Extension B.Sc.(Ag.)

5. ADMISSION
Selected candidates should pay the prescribed fees before the due date. If any
Student fails to pay the fees before the due date he/she shall forfeit the admission.
6. FEE STRUCTURE
At the time of admissions, the fees for the first semester and Second Semester (One
Academic Year) should be paid at the Office of the College as prescribed time to
time. Candidates who discontinue after admission are not eligible for refund of fees
except caution money deposited. The mess dues clearance certificate has to be
produced by all the students at the time of registration and final examination of each
semester and thesis/Project submission.
7. LANGUAGE REQUIREMENT
The medium of instruction is English/ Hindi. The post graduate students
should have adequate knowledge in English to read, write and speak in English and
able to prepare high quality research papers in English. Foreign students whose
knowledge in English is inadequate shall take an audit course in English offered by
the department of Language.
8. ATTENDANCE REQUIREMENT
8.1 A student who fails to secure 75 per cent of attendance in each course separately
for theory and practicals, shall not be permitted to appear for the final examination in
that course and shall be awarded ‘E’ (incomplete) and will be required to repeat the
course when offered with juniors.

8.2 In respect of the student who has absented himself / herself for classes with or
without valid reasons, that period will be treated as absence only and not as leave.
Also, no attendance will be given for writing make up tests.
In case of new admission, for calculating 75% attendance in the first semester, the
number of working days will be calculated from the date of joining of the students
who are permitted to join late due to administrative reasons.

9.0 Dropping Rules

As per Lucknow University P.G. Course Programme.

10. Repeat or Back Paper Rules

As per Lucknow University P.G. Ordinance of Course Programme.

11. EVALUATION OF STUDENT’S PERFORMANCE

All students shall abide by the rules for evaluating the course work under the
semester system of education, as prescribed from time to time by the university.
11.1. Examinations
There will be two examinations viz. mid semester and final examination. Wherever
the course has practical, there will be a final practical examination also.
11.1.1. The mid semester examination for the Post-graduate courses will be
conducted for a period of two hours and final examinations in theory and practical
will be conducted for three hours each.
The mid semester examinations will be conducted by course teachers during the ninth
week of the semester in common examination hall.
11.1.2. The final theory examination shall be conducted after completion of 105
working days and normally after three days of study holidays. The final theory
examination for masters program will be arranged by the Controller of Examinations
by adopting a common time table.
11.1.3. The students who are late by 30 minutes shall not be allowed to appear in the
Examination. Similarly no student will be allowed to leave the examination hall
within 30 minutes after the commencement of the examination.
11.1.4. The distribution of marks will be as indicated below:

Examination Mark Distribution

Mid-semester 20
Final theory 50
Final practical 30

11.1.5. The question paper model and distribution of marks for mid semester and final
theory examinations are as follows.

Final Theory: 50 marks

Model paper as per Lucknow University P.G. Courses programme.

12. Calculation of G.P.A and O.G.P.A is illustrated here below:

S.N Course Cerdit Mark obtained Total Grade Grade G.P.A

o. Point

Mid Theory Practic

term 50/80 al
20 30
1 A 3(2+1) 16/20 38/50 26/30 80 8.0 24.0

2 B 2(2+0) 18/20 60/80 - - 7.8 15.6 7.94

3 C 2(0+2) 16/20 - 64/80 80 8.0 16.0

1. Grade Point= Credit of Course x Grade of Course.

2. G.P.A. = Sum of the grade points of all courses/sum of the credit of all
courses.
3. O.G.P.A = Sum of the G.P.A. of all Semester/No.of Semesters in M.Sc.
(Ag).
13. Evaluation
Evaluation of student's performance shall be both internal and external where mid
term test will be solely internal by course teacher and final theory examination solely
arranged by the University whereas the practical examination will be conducted by a
board consisting of two examiners ie the course incharge and another examiner
appointed by the University.
14. The Academic performance of the students shall be adjudged in following
manner.
Marks obtained % Grade Expression Class/Division

70 and above 7.00-7.99 good I

60-69 6.00-6.99 Fair II
50-59 5.00-5.99 Pass in individual III
Sub.
Below-50 Below 5.00 Fail Fail

Thus the minimum grade for passing a course shall be 5.5 and getting the degree of
Master of Science in Agriculture however an O.G.P.A. of 6.0 shall be the minimum
requirement. Provided further that for completion of the degree of M.Sc. (Ag). The
maximum duration shall be 4 year/ 8 semesters.
 M.Sc. Agronomy
COURSE DETAILS:

CODE COURSE TITLE CREDITS

(A) MAJOR COURSES 30

AGRON-501 MODERN CONCEPTS IN CROP PRODUCTION 3 (2+1)

AGRON 502 AGRONOMY OF MAJOR FIELD CROPS (KHARIF) 3 (2+1)

AGRON 503 TILLAGE IN CROP PRODUCTION 3 (2+1)

AGRON 504 FODDER AND FORAGE CROPS 3 (2+1)

AGRON 505 ORGANIC FARMING 3 (2+1)

AGRON 506 DRYLAND FARMING 3 (2+1)

AGRON 507 AGRONOMY OF MAJOR FIELD CROPS (RABI) 3 (2+1)

AGRON 508 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF WEED 3 (2+1)

MANAGEMENT
AGRON 509 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF WATER 3 (2+1)
MANAGEMENT
AGRON 510 SEMINAR 3 (0+3)

(B) SUPPORTING COURSES 12

AG. GPB. 502 SEED PRODUCTION TECHIQUES IN FIELD 3 (2+1)

CROPS
AG. SS. 501 SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT AND 3 (2+1)
FERTILIZER USE

ENT 511 PESTS OF FIELD CROPS 3 (2+1)

AG.STAT & CA 501 STATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATION 3 (2+1)

(C)Project Work

AGRON 511 PROJECT WORK (Viva-Voce and Evaluation) 6 (3+3)

 Agronomy

SEMESTER WISE DISTRIBUTION

CODE COURSE TITLE CREDITS

I- SEMESTER 12
AGRON 501 MODERN CONCEPTS IN CROP PRODUCTION 3 (2+1)

AGRON 502 AGRONOMY OF MAJOR FIELD CROPS (KHARIF) 3 (2+1)

AGRON 503 TILLAGE IN CROP PRODUCTION 3 (2+1)

AG. SS. 501 SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT AND FERTILIZER USE 3 (2+1)

II- SEMESTER 12

AGRON 507 AGRONOMY OF MAJOR FIELD CROPS (RABI) 3 (2+1)

AGRON 505 ORGANIC FARMING 3 (2+1)

ENT 511 PESTS OF FIELD CROPS 3 (2+1)

AG.STAT& CA STATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATION 3 (2+1)

501

III- SEMESTER 12

AGRON 510 SEMINAR 3 (0+3)

AGRON 508 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF WEED MANAGEMENT 3 (2+1)

AGRON 506 DRYLAND FARMING 3 (2+1)

AG. GPB. 502 SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES IN FIELD CROPS 3 (2+1)

IV- SEMESTER 12
AGRON 504 FODDER AND FORAGE CROPS 3 (2+1)

AGRON 509 PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF WATER MANAGEMENT 3 (2+1)

AGRON 511 PROJECT WORK (Viva-Voce and Evaluation) 6 (3+3)

AGRON 501: MODERN CONCEPTS IN CROP PRODUCTION 3 (2+1)
THEORY
UNIT I : Crop growth in relation to environment, agro ecological zones of India; concept
potential. Yield and its realization
UNIT II: Modern concepts in tillage; zero or minimum, conservation tillage etc; optimization of
plant Population and planting geometry in relation to soil fertility, solar radiation and available
moisture regimes.
UNIT III: Mitscherlich, Baule and Inverse-yield-nitrogen laws, biotic and abiotic stresses;
concept of ideal plant type; crop modeling for maximizing crop yeidl; crop response production
functions
UNIT IV: Cropping and farming systems for sustainable agriculture; organic farming crop,
residue recycling and management; Crop production under protective agriculture, precision
agriculture; crop and growth analysis.

PRACTICAL:
Cropping Scheme of the form for sustainable crop production,Calculation of fertilizer does and
other organic manures, Vermicompost, green manuring its preparation, mulches and their effect
on the soil, Calculation of cost involved in different tillage practices on crop production,
Determination of soil moisture content.
AGRON 502: AGRONOMY OF MAJOR FIELD CROPS (KHARIF) 3(2+1)
THEORY
Origin, history, distribution, classification, Climate, varietals improvement and production
technology including manuring and irrigation, plant protection, harvesting, and processing of the
following crops-
Unit-I : Cereals And Millets Crops: Rice, Maize, Sorghum, Pearl-millet, Smaller-millet.

Unit II: Pulses Crops and Oil Seeds: Pigeonpea, Mung bean, Urd bean, Cowpea, Soya bean,
Groundnut, Sunflower, and Sesame.

Unit III: Fiber Crops: Cotton, Jute, and Mesta..

Unit IV: Cash Crops: Sugarcane, and Tobacco.

PRACTICAL:
Identification of crops-seeds, plants, manure & fertilizers, weedicides & fungicides and
associated weeds, Practical knowledge of operations from sowing to harvesting of different crops
included in theory course, Judging of maturity and estimation of yields, Study of crop production
techniques of different crops, Calculation of Seed and fertilizer requirement of crops, Preparation
of seed beds of important crops.
AGRON 503: TILLAGE IN CROP PRODUCTION 3(2+1)
THEORY

UnitI: Soil properties in relation to crop growth. Agronomic practices affecting soil properties,
principles of different tillage practices.

Unit II: Soil tilth, tillage requirement of crops under different type of soils, concept of minimum
tillage, puddling, soil sickness, soil toxicity and soil compaction and their control measures.

Unit III: Role of different types of tillage implements, tillage in relation to weed control,
decomposition of organic matter.

Unit IV: Soil and moisture conservation.

PRACTICAL

Use of different type of tillage implements, Measurement of bulk density,Measurement of

infilteration rate,Measurement of porosity,Measurement of root distribution pattern.
AGRON 504: FODDER AND FORAGE CROPS 3(2+1)

THEORY
Unit I: Adaptation, distribution, varietal improvement, Agro techniques and quality aspects
including anti-quality factors of important fodder crops like maize, bajra, guar, cowpea, oats,
barley, berseem, senjit, lucern and clovers; year round fodder production and management.

UnitII: Preservation and utilization of forage and pasture crops; principles and methods of hay
and silage making; chemical and biochemical changes, nutrient losses and factors affecting
quality of hay and silage; use of physical and chemical enrichments and biological methods for
improving nutrition value of poor quality fodder.

Unit III: Economics of forage cultivation. Grasslands of India and their importance, principles
of grassland ecology, economic aspect of grasslands, their problems and management;
improvement of grasslands; pasture grasses and legumes for improving soil fertility.

Unit IV: Importance, classification and advantage of pastures; establishment of pastures, their
improvement and renovation; ley farming. Agro technology for pasture grasses and forage
legumes for different agro-ecological situations.

PRACTICAL
Exercises on farm operations in raising fodder crops; exercises on canopy measurement, yield
and quality estimation, viz. crude protein, NDF, ADF, lignin, silica cellulose etc. of various
fodder and forage crops and ant quality components like HCN in sorghum and such factors in
other crops; hay and silage making and economics of their preparation.
AGRON 505: ORGANIC FARMING

THEORY 3 (2+1)

Unit I: Organic farming concept and definition, its relevance to India and global agriculture and
future prospects; Land and Water Management, land use, minimum tillage, shelter zones,
hedges, pasture management, agro-forestry.

Unit II: Water use efficiency; soil fertility-nutrient, recycling, organic residues, organic
manures, composting, soil biota and decomposition of organic residues, earthworms and vermin-
compost, green manures, bio-fertilizers.

Unit III: Farming systems crop rotations multiple and relay cropping systems, intercropping in
relation to maintenance of soil productivity, control of weeds, diseases and insect pests.

Unit IV: Integrated pest management biological agents and pheromones, bio-pesticides.

PRACTICAL
Aerobic and anaerobic methods of making compost, making of vermin compost; Identification
and nursery raising of important agro-forestry trees and trees for shelter belts, Efficient use of
bio-fertilizers technique of treating legume seeds with Rhizobium cultures, use of Azotobacter,
Azospirullum and PSB cultures in field; Visit to a organic farm; Quality standard,
AGRON 506: DRYLAND FARMING 3(2+1)

THEORY

Unit-I: Definition, concept, characteristics of dryland and rainfed farming. Significance and
dimension of dryland farming in Indian agriculture.Constraints limiting crop production in
dryland areas.Characterization of environment for water availability.Types of droughts;
adaptation of crop plants to droughts; drought management strategies.

Unit II: Preparation of appropriate crop plans for dryland areas.Mid-Season corrections for
aberrant weather conditions.Water-harvesting concepts, techniques and practices.

Unit III: Use of mulches, kinds, effectiveness and economics.Concept of watershed

management and its application in India.

Unit IV: Types of antitranspirants, use,effectiveness and economics.Soil and crop management
techniques, tillage, seeding, fertilizer sue, crop and varietal choice.

PRACTICAL
Rainfall probability analysis for crop planning,Measurement of soil and water losses; in situ soil
moisture conservation practices; mulches, including live mulches for minimizing evaporation
losses,Measures to manage prolonged drought during crop season; dry-seeding practices due to
delayed monsoon rains,Visit to a dryland research centre,Study of ongoing watershed
management programmes and agroforestry systems.
AGRON 507: AGRONOMY OF MAJOR FIELD CROPS (RABI) 3(2+1)

THEORY

Origin, history, distribution, classification, Climate, varietal improvement and production

technology including manuring and irrigation, plant protection, harvesting, and processing of the
following crops-
Unit-I : Cereals Crop: Wheat, and Barley.

Unit II: Pulses Crops: Chickpea, Peas, Lentil, Rajmash

Unit III: Oil Seeds Crops: Rapeseed and Mustard, Linseed, Sunflower, Taramira

Unit IV: Cash Crops: Potato, and Mentha.

PRACTICAL:
Identification of crops-seeds plants and associated weeds,Practical knowledge of operations from
sowing to harvesting of different crops included in Theory course,Judging of maturity and
estimation of yields,Study of crop production techniques of different crops,Calculation of Seed
and fertilizer requirement of crops,Preparation of seed beds of important crops.
AGRON 508: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF WEED MANAGEMENT
3(2+1)
THEORY
Unit I: Classification and characteristics of weeds; special weed problems
including aquatic and parasitic weeds, ecology and physiology of major weeds;
eco-physiology of crop weed.

Unit II : Crop weed competition including allelopathy; weed indices; principles

and methods of weed control,concept of integrated weed management.

Unit III: weed control through bio-herbicides, mycoherbicides and

allelochemicals; herbicides history, development and their classification; mode and
mechanism of action of herbicides; herbicide selectivity, herbicide mixtures,
adjuvant and softeners; degradation of herbicides in soil and plants.

Unit IV: Effect of herbicide in relation to environment; herbicide resistance in

weeds and crops; weed management in major crops and cropping systems; weed
shifts in cropping systems; control of weeds in non cropped situations.

PRACTICAL
Identification of important weeds of different crops; preparation of a weed
herbarium; weed survey in crops and cropping systems; crop-weed competition
studies, preparation of spray solutions of herbicides for high and low-volume
sprayers; use of various types of spray pumps and nozzles and calculation of swath
width; economics of weed control; herbicide resistance analysis in plant and soil;
Bioassay of herbicide resistance.
AGRON 509: PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF WATER MANAGEMENT 3(2+1)

THEORY

Unit I: Water and its role in plants; water resources of India; major irrigation projects and extent
of area and crops irrigated in India and different states; soil water movement and water
availability, uptake, transport and transpiration in plants.

Unit II: Soil-water-plant relationship; plant response to water stress; scheduling, depth and
methods of irrigation; micro irrigation system; fertigation; management of water in controlled
environments and polyhouses.

Unit III: Water use efficiency; water management of crops and cropping systems; soil, plant and
meteorological factors determining water needs of crops; crop plant adaptation to moisture stress
condition; quality of irrigation water; effect of saline water and soil salinity on plant-water
relation and management of crops; excess soil water and plan growth; water management in
problem soils.

Unit IV: Drainage requirements of crops and methods of field drainage management.

PRACTICAL
Measurement of soil moisture using tensiometer, pressure plate and membrane; making of soil
moisture characteristics curves; water flow measurement using different devices,
determining soil profile moisture deficit and irrigation requirements; computation of water
requirement of crops using modified Penman formula; measurement of water flux under
saturated and unsaturated conditions; determination of infiltration rates and hydraulic
conductivity.
AG. SS. 501 SOIL FERTILITY MANAGEMENT AND FERTILIZER USE 3(2+1)

THEORY

Unit I: Soil fertility and productivity; soil composition in relation to crop production organic and
inorganic constituents; essential plant nutrients; deficiency and toxicity symptoms of major and
micronutrients and remedial measures; transformation and dynamics of major plant nutrients.

Unit II: Kinds of fertilizers straight, complex and bulk blended; methods of fertilizer
application; crop response to nutrients; fertilizer use efficiency, agronomic chemical and
physiological.
Unit III: Methods of increasing fertilizer use efficiency; nutrient interactions; fertilizer
application in cropping systems-direct, residual and cumulative effects; integrated plant nutrient
supply, systems-organic manures, compost, green manures, vermin-compost, biofertilizers.

Unit IV: Crop residue and inorganic fertilizers; sustainable agriculture and soil fertility;
fertilizers and environment; fertilizer use in problem soils; soil moisture nutrients interactions.

PRACTICAL
Determination of soil pH, Determination of organic C, Determination of total N, available N, P,
K & S in soils, Determination of total N, P, K & S in plants, Interpretation of interaction effect,
Computation of economic and yield optima.
ENT. 511 PESTS OF FIELD CROPS 3(2+1)

To familiarize the students about nature of damage and seasonal incidence of insect pests that
cause loss to major field crops and their effective management by different methods.Systematic
position, identification, distribution, host-range, bionomics, nature and extent of damage,
seasonal abundance and management of insect and mite pests and vectors.
UNIT I: Insect pests of cereals and millets and their management. Polyphagous pests:
grasshoppers, locusts, termites, white grubs, hairy caterpillars, and non-insect pests (mites, birds,
rodents, snails, slugs etc.).
UNIT II: Insect pests of pulses, tobacco and their management.
UNIT II: Insect pests of oilseeds and their management.
UNIT III: Insect pests of fibre crops, forages, sugarcane and their management.

Practical: Field visits, collection and identification of important pests and their natural
enemies; detection and estimation of infestation and losses in different crops; study of life history
of important insect pests.
AG. GPB. 502: SEED PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES IN FIELD CROPS 3 (2+1)

THEORY

Unit I: Seed production techniques and agronomical practices for important crops-cereals,
pulses, oilseeds, fibre crops and fodder crops.

Unit II: Seed industry in the country and role of various agencies seed morphology seed
multiplication chain, seed purity seed health.

Unit III: Dormancy, seed vigour; Hybrid seed production, seed treatments, seed viability, seed
quality; physiology of seed germination.

Unit IV: Seed testing for germination and seedling evaluation; seed certification, processing,
grading and storage; distribution and marketing, store grain pests.

PRACTICAL
Seed quality on the basis of purity and germination; rouging; detasseling and familiarization with
seed processing equipments; materials and precautions for seed storage; comparison of farmers
saved seed with certified seed.
AG.STAT AND CA 501: STATISTICS AND COMPUTER APPLICATION 3(2+1)
Unit I: Agriculture statistics: Area, Production and Yield statistics; Agency and method of
Collection of Area and yield statistics in U.P.; Crop Cutting experiment; Agriculture and
Livestock Censuses; Sources of Official Agriculture statistics.
Unit II: Planning and designing of experiments, Basic principles of Design of Experiments,
uniformity trials, Fairfield Smith’s law, Shape and size of plots and blocks. Elements of linear
estimation. Variance stabilizing transformations. Analysis of variance and covariance.
Completely randomized, Randomized block and Latin square designs. Mutually orthogonal Lath
squares
Unit III: Introduction to computer. A brief history of computing. Use, Definition, Anatomy,
Components, Classification of Computers, Capabilities and limitation of a computer.
Unit IV: Introduction to MS-Office – Word, Excel, Power Point, Fundamental of computer
network – LAN, MAN & WAN, Introduction of Internet, Email, surfing & browsing.

PRACTICAL:
Crop cutting methods, CRD, RBD and Latin square designs, Introduction of MS paint, MS Note
pad, Introduction of MS Word, Excel, Power Point, Introduction of Internet, Browser, E-mail.