DOSES

CARPENTER
RESUMO DOS PRINCIPAIS
MEDICAMENTOS (MENOS
ANESTÉSICOS)

POR CAMILA COSCRATO

@MICOSCRATO

MAMÍFEROS
COELHOS
ROEDORES

RÉPTEIS

AVES
 COELHOS
AGENTES ANTIMICROBIANOS

Amikacin: 5-10 mg/kg SC, IM, IV divided q8-24h I 8-16 mg/kg

SC, IM, IV q24h
Cephalexin: 15 mg/kg SC q12h
Chloramphenicol: 25 mg/kg PO q8-12h I 30-50 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q8-24h I 55
mg/kg PO q12h×4wk (Effective against syphilis)
Doxycycline: 2.5 mg/kg PO q12h I 4 mg/kg PO q24h
Enrofloxacin: 5 mg/kg IM, IV q12-24h I 5 mg/kg PO, SC, IM, IV q12h I 5-20
mg/kg PO, IM q12h×14-30 days (Pasteurellosis) I 200 mg/L drinking water×14
days
Gentamicin (Seldom indicated; use with caution): 4 mg/kg SC, IM q24h I
5-8 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q8-24h
Metronidazole: 5 mg/kg IV q12h (Administer slowly) I 20 mg/kg PO q12h×3-
5 days I 40 mg/kg PO q24h×3 days
Tetracycline: 50-100 mg/kg PO q8-12h I 250-1000 mg/L drinking water
Trimethoprim/sulfa: 15 mg/kg PO q12h I 30 mg/kg PO, SC, IM q12h
(May cause tissue necrosis when given SC) I 15-30 mg/kg PO q12-24h I 30-48
mg/kg SC q12h
AGENTES ANTIFÚNGICOS

Fluconazole: 5 mg/kg PO q24h (Cryptococcal meningitis) I 25-43 mg/kg IV

(slow) q12h (Systemic fungal disease) I 38 mg/kg PO q12h (Aspergillus
keratitis) I 80 mg/kg PO q24h×21 days (Coccidioidal meningitis; controlled
but did not cure)
Itraconazole: 5-10 mg/kg PO q24h×30 days (Dermatophytosis) I 20-40
mg/kg PO q24h (Aspergillus pneumonia) I 40 mg/kg PO q24h (Invasive
aspergillosis)
Ketoconazole: 10-40 mg/kg PO q24h×14 days (Dermatophytosis)
Nystatin: 20 mg/kg PO q12h×10 days
ANTIPARASITÁRIOS

Fenbendazole (On rare occasions, anemia and arteritis have been

reported): 5 mg/kg PO I 5-20 mg/kg PO q24h×5 days; repeat in
14 days (Nematodes) I 20 mg/kg PO q24h×7 days before and 2 days after
mixing rabbits (Preventive against encephalitozoonosis)
 I 20 mg/kg PO q24h×28 days (Treatment for encephalitozoonosis;
failed to clear all parasites)
Fipronil Contraindicated - Can cause neurologic disease and death
Ivermectin (Ectoparasites): 0.1-0.2 mg/kg SC, repeat in 14 days I
0.2-0.44 mg/kg PO, C q8-14d (Psoroptes-ear mites) I 0.3-0.4 mg/kg
SC, repeat in 14 days (Sarcoptes scabiei; Notoedres cati) I
0.4 mg/kg SC q80h×3 doses (Sarcoptic mange)
Metronidazole: 20 mg/kg PO q12h (Antiprotozoal agent)
Praziquantel: 5-10 mg/kg PO, SC, IM, repeat in 10 days (Cestodes,
trematodes)

TRAMADOL E MELOX

Tramadol: 4.4 mg/kg IV I 5 mg/kg SC, IV q8h I 5-15 mg/kg PO q8-12h I 10

mg/kg PO q12-24h
Meloxicam: 0.2 mg/kg SC, IM q24h I 0.2-0.5 mg/kg PO, SC, IM q24h I 0.3
mg/kg PO q24h×10 days I 0.3 mg/kg PO q24h I 0.3-1.5 mg/kg PO q24h×5 days
I 1 mg/kg PO q24h (mais usada pelo visto)

DIVERSOS

Dexamethasone (Corticosteroids are seldom indicated in rabbits; rabbits are

a corticosteroid-sensitive species; use with extreme caution and consider
concurrent administration of a gastroprotective agent): 0.2-0.6 mg/kg SC, IM,
IV (Antiinflammatory)
Doxapram: 2-5 mg/kg SC, IV q15min
Enalapril: 0.1-0.5 mg/kg PO q24-48h (Beware of hypotensive side effects)
Furosemide: 0.3-2 mg/kg SC, IM, IV I 1-4 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q4-6h (Pulmonary
edema) I 2-5 mg/kg PO, SC, IM, IV q12h (Congestive heart failure)
Metoclopramide: 0.2-0.5 mg/kg PO, SC q6-8h I 0.2-1 mg/kg PO, IM, SC q6-
24h I 0.5 mg/kg PO, SC q4-12h
Prednisolone (igual dexamethasone; rarely indicated): 0.25-0.5 mg/kg PO
q12h×3 days, then q24h×3 days, then q48h I 0.5-2 mg/kg PO q12h
Ranitidine: 2 mg/kg IV q24h I 2-5 mg/kg PO q12h
Vitamin A: 500-1000 U/kg IM
Vitamin C: 100 mg/kg PO q12h (nutritional supplement)
Silymarin (Nutraceutical used as an adjunctive treatment
for liver disease; hepatoprotectant - impírico): 4-15 mg/kg PO q8-12h I 20-
50 mg/kg PO q24h
Simethicone: impírico (1ml de acordo com o estado do animal por ex)

ROEDORES
AGENTES ANTIMICROBIANOS

Amikacin: 5-15 mg/kg SC, IM, IV q8-12 (All species/also administer fluid
therapy) I 16 mg/kg SC, IM, IV divided q8-24h (All species/also administer
fluid therapy)
Amoxicillin (Do not use orally in hamsters, guineapigs, chinchillas; may
cause enterocolitis): 25 mg/kg PO q12h (Rats) I 10-15 mg/kg PO q12h (Rats) I
100-150 mg/kg IM, SC (Rats, mice) I 0.25 mg/mL drinking water for 7 days
(Mice/only effective against highlysusceptible bacteria)
Chloramphenicol: 30-50 mg/kg PO q8-12h (Most species) I 200 mg/kg PO
q12h (Mice) I 0.5 mg/mL drinking water (Mice) 0.83 mg/mL drinking water
(Gerbils) 1 mg/mL drinking water (Guinea pigs)
Doxycycline: 2.5-5 mg/kg PO q12h (All species/pneumonia; may give in
combination with enrofloxacin; do not use in young and pregnant animals)
I 0.05 mg/mL drinking water for 7 days (Mice/failed to achieve effective
plasma concentrations)
Enrofloxacin (Very high doses may cause arthropathies in young if given for
a prolonged time; limit SC, IM injections; SC injections can be diluted in NaCl
or lactated Ringer’s solution): 5-20 mg/kg PO, SC, IM q12-4h (Most
species/may combine with doxycycline for chronic respiratory infections in
rats) I 10 mg/kg SC q12h (Most species) I 0.25 mg/mL drinking water×7 days
(Mice/failed to achieve effective plasma concentrations; remains stable for 7
days)
Enrofloxacin/doxycycline: 10 mg/kg (E)+5 mg/kg (D) PO q12h (Rats/chronic
respiratory infection)
Gentamicin (Use cautiously; nephrotoxic; ensure adequate hydration; can
be used topically in nostrils for upper respiratory tract infections;
consideruse of amikacin instead): 2-5 mg/kg SC, IM q24h (All species)
Sulfonamide/trimethoprim: 15-30 mg/kg PO, SC, IM 12-24h
(Most species)I 25 mg/kg PO q12h (Rats) I 50-100 mg/kg PO,
SC q24h (Gerbils, rats, mice) I 0.8 mg/mL drinking water
(Mice/failed to achieve effective plasma concentrations;
remains stable for 7 days)
Tetracycline: 10 mg/kg PO q8-12h (Guinea pigs, chinchillas/use with caution)
I 10 mg/kg PO, SC q24h (Guinea pigs) I 20 mg/kg PO q12h (Most species) I
20 mg/kg PO, IM q24h (Gerbils) I 30 mg/kg PO q6h (Hamsters)
Tylosin: 2-10 mg/kg PO, SC q12h (Hamsters, gerbils/use with caution) I 10
mg/kg PO, SC q12h (Chinchillas, guinea pigs, mice, rats/toxicity reported in
guinea pigs) I 10 mg/kg PO q24h×5 days (Rats) I 0.5 mg/mL (500 mg/L)
drinking water (Gerbils, hamsters, mice, rats/PD in rats; toxicity in hamsters
reported)

AGENTES ANTIFÚNGICOS

Ketoconazole: 10-40 mg/kg PO q24h×14 days (All species/systemic mycoses;

candidiasis)
Metronidazole (Use with caution in chinchillas; objectionable taste may
result in reduced food consumption): 10-20 mg/kg PO q12h (Most species) I
10-40 mg/kg PO q24h (Mice, rats) I 2.5 mg/mL drinking water×5 day (Mice)
Nystatin: 60,000-90,000 U/kg PO q12h×7-10 days (Gastrointestinal mycoses;
not absorbed from gastrointestinal tract)

ANTIPARASITÁRIOS
Fenbendazole: 20 mg/kg PO q24h for 5 days (Rats, guinea pigs) I 20-50
mg/kg PO q24h×5 days (All species/giardiasis; a lower dose isgenerally
preferred; higher end for giardiasis only) I 25-150 ppm in feed for 5 days
(Mice/Oxyurids)
Fipronil: 7.5 mg/kg topically q30-60d (Most species/fleas, ticks, and lice) I
1-2 spray pumps topical, repeat 1-2×q7-10d)
Ivermectin: 0.2-0.4 mg/kg PO, SC q7-14d (Most species/ectoparasites;
preferred dosage appears to be 0.4 mg/kg q7d; for Demodex, use q7d) I 0.2-
0.5 mg/kg SC, PO q7-14d (Most species) I 8 mg/L drinking water×4 days/wk×5
wk (Mice/pinworms) 25 mg/L drinking water×4 days/wk×5wk
(Rats/pinworms)
 MELOX, DIPIRONA E TRAMADOL

Meloxicam: 0.1-0.3 mg/kg PO, SC q24h (Guinea pigs) I ≥0.5

mg/kg PO, SC q24h (Chinchillas, guinea pigs, hamsters,
gerbils) I 1 mg/kg PO, SC (rats) I 1-2 mg/kg PO q12-24h (Rats) I
1-5 mg/kg PO, SC q24h (Mice)
Dipyrone: 20-50 mg/kg PO, SC q6-12h (Most species)
Tramadol (Oral route unlikely to be effective): 5 mg/kg SC, IP (Rats/mice) I
10-20 mg/kg PO, SC q8-12h (Rats) I 10-40 mg/kg SC q12h (Mice) I 10-40 mg/kg
SC (Chinchillas/PD; no analgesic effects)

DIVERSOS

Epinephrine (adrenaline): 0.003-0.1 mg/kg IV prn (Guinea pigs/cardiac arrest)

I 0.01 mg/kg IV (Most species) I 0.1 mg/kg IV (Most species)
Furosemide: 1-4 mg/kg SC, IM q4-6h, or 5-10 mg/kg SC, IM q12h (Most
species) I 1-5 mg/kg PO, SC, IM q12-24h (Most species/congestive heart
failure)
Dexamethasone (Antiinflammatory): 0.5-2 mg/kg PO, SC, then decreasing
dose q12h×3-14 days (All species) I 0.6 mg/kg IV, IM, SC q24h (Guinea
pigs/pregnancy toxemia)
Metoclopramide: 0.2-1 mg/kg PO, SC, IM q12h (Most species) I 0.5-1 mg/kg
PO, SC q6-12h (Guinea pigs/antiemetic and upper gastrointestinal prokinetic)
I 1-5 mg/kg q8-12h SC, PO
Metyrapone: 8 mg/animal PO q24h×4 wk (Hamsters/hyperadrenocorticism)
Silymarin: (Silybum marianum): 4-15 mg/kg PO q8-12h (Most
species/hepatic disorders)
Prednisolone: 1-2 mg/kg PO, SC q12-24h (Guinea pigs)
Prednisone: 0.5-2.2 mg/kg PO, SC, IM (All species)
Ranitidine: 5 mg/kg PO q12h84 Guinea pigs, chinchillas
Vitamin A: 50-500 U/kg IM (Guinea pigs, hamsters) I 2000 U/animal
(Chinchillas/hypovitaminosis A)
Vitamin C: 10-30 mg/kg PO, SC, IM (Guinea pigs/maintenance) I 50-100
mg/kg SC, PO (Guinea pigs/treatment of deficiency) I 100-200 mg/kg PO
q24h (Guinea pigs/hypovitaminosis C)
 RÉPTEIS
AGENTES ANTIMICROBIANOS

Amikacin (Potentially nephrotoxic; maintainhydration;

frequently used with a penicillin or cephalosporin):
26 μg/kg/hr via osmotic infusion pump implant I 5 mg/kg IM, then
2.5 mg/kg q72h (Lizards) I 2.25 mg/kg IM q72h (Alligators/PD) I 50 mg/10 mL
saline×30 min nebulization q12h (Most species/pneumonia; aminophylline
at 25 mg/9 mL of sterile saline in nebulizer before antibiotics for
bronchodilation)
Amoxicillin: 22 mg/kg PO q12-24h (Most species/use with
anaminoglycoside)
Ampicillin (May use with an aminoglycoside): 10-20 mg/kg SC, IM q12h
(Most species, including chameleons) I 50 mg/kg SC, IM q12h (Chelonians) I
20 mg/kg IM q24h (Tortoises) I 50 mg/kg IM q12h (Tortoises/PD)
Chloramphenicol (Most species/public health concern; reserve for
meningitis or encephalitis caused by susceptible organisms): 40 mg/kg PO,
SC, IM q24h or 20 mg/kg PO, SC, IM q12h (Most species) I 40 mg/kg SC q24h
(Snakes/PD) I 50 mg/kg SC q12-72h (Snakes/PD; q12h in indigo, rat, king
snakes; q24h in boids, moccasin snakes; q48h in rattlesnakes; q72h in red-
bellied water snakes)
Doxycycline: 5-10 mg/kg PO q24h×10-45 days (Most species/respiratory
infection - mycoplasmosis for ex) I 50 mg/kg IM, then 25 mg/kg q72h
(Tortoises)
Enrofloxacin 5-10 mg/kg q24h PO, SC, IM, IC (Most species/IM
administration is painful and may result in tissue necrosis and sterile
abscesses; may cause skin discoloration or tissue necrosis if given SC; to
administer SC, dilute with sterile NaCl) I 6.6 mg/kg IM q24h, or 11 mg/kg IM
q48h (Pythons/PD (reticulated pythons); Pseudomonas) I 10 mg/kg IM
q48h (Snakes/PK (Burmese pythons, rattlesnakes, pit vipers) I 5 mg/kg PO,
IM q24h (Lizards/PD (green iguanas) I 5 mg/kg IM q24-48h (Chelonians and
most other reptiles/PD I 5 mg/kg IM q12-24h (Chelonians/PK); q12h for
Pseudomonasand Citrobacter; q24h for other bacteria I 5 mg/kg IV, IM q48h
(Sea turtles) I 5 mg/kg IV q36-72h (Crocodilians)
Gentamicin (Nephrotoxicity has been reported,
especially in snakes; maintain hydration; use with
a penicillin or cephalosporin): 2.5 mg/kg IM q72h
( Snakes/PD - gopher snakes) I 2.5-3 mg/kg IM, then
1.5 mg/kg q96h (Snakes/PK - blood pythons) I
3 mg/kg IM q>96h (Turtles/PD - eastern box turtles)
I 6mg/kg IM q72-96h318 Turtles/PD (red-eared sliders I
1.75-2.25 mg/kg IM q72-96h (Crocodilians/PK -alligators-respiratory
infection)
Metronidazole: 20 mg/kg PO q48h×≥7 days (Most species) I 50 mg/kg PO
q24h×7-14 days (Most species/may be administered concurrently with
amikacin for broader spectrum; because of potential side effects at this
dose, a lower dose may be prudent) I 20 mg/kg PO q48h (Snakes - corn and
rat snakes) I 20 mg/kg PO q24-48h (Iguanas)
Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine or sulfamethoxazole: 10-30 mg/kg PO q24h
(Most species/maintain hydration) I 30 mg/kg IM q24h×2 days, then q48h
(Tortoises)
Tylosin: 5 mg/kg IM q24h×10-60 days (Most species/mycoplasmosis)

AGENTES ANTIFÚNGICOS

Amphotericin B: 0.5 mg/kg IV q48-72h (Most species/nephrotoxic; can use

in combination with ketoconazole; administer slowly) I 0.5-1 mg/kg IV, IC
q24-72h×14-28 days (Most species/aspergillosis) I 1 mg/kg IT q24h×14-
28 days (Most species/respiratory infection; dilute with water or saline) I 1
mg/kg q24h ICe×2-4 wk (Crocodilians) I 5 mg/150 mL saline×1 hr
nebulization q12h×7 days (Most species/pneumonia)
Fluconazole: 5 mg/kg PO q24h (Lizards/dermatophytosis)
Itraconazole: 5 mg/kg PO q24h (Most species/some hepatotoxicity noted
when used for Chrysosporium anamorph of Nannizziopsis vriesii; can cause
anorexia in bearded dragons without evidence of hepatotoxicity) I 10 mg/kg
PO q24h (Snakes) I 23.5 mg/kg PO q24h (Lizards)
Ketoconazole (May use antibiotics concomitantly to prevent bacterial
overgrowth; may use concurrently with thiabendazole): 15 mg/kg q72h
PO (Most species) I 25 mg/kg PO q24h×21 days (Snakes, turtles) I 50 mg/kg
PO q24h×14-28 days (crocodilians)
Nystatin: 100,000 U/kg PO q24h×10 days (Most species/
enteric yeast infections; limited success)

ANTIPARASITÁRIOS

Fenbendazole (Drug of choice for nematodes; least

toxic of the benzimidazoles; may have anantiprotozoan effect; overdose
maycause leukopenia, avoid in septicemic patients): 25-100 mg/kg PO q14d
for up to 4 treatments ( All species/nematodes)
Ivermectin (Do not use in chelonians, crocodilians, indigo snakes, or
skinks): 0.2 mg/kg PO, SC, IM, repeat in 14 days (Snakes - except indigos,
lizards-except skinks/can dilute with propylene glycol for oral use; colored
animals may have skin discoloration at injection site; rare adverse effects
reported in chameleons, possibly associated with breakdown of parasites;
do not use within 10 days ofdiazepam or tiletamine/zolazepam) I 5-10 mg/L
water topical spray q3-5d up to 28 days (Snakes-except indigos, lizards -
except skinks; less effective than fipronil; spray on skin and in newly
cleaned cage, then allow to dry before replacing water dish)
Praziquantel: 8 mg/kg PO, SC, IM, repeat in 14 days (Most
species/cestodes, trematodes) I 25-50 mg/kg PO q3h×3 treatments (Sea
turtles)

MELOX e TRAMADOL

Meloxicam: 0.1-0.5 mg/kg PO, SC q24-48h (Most species) I 0.2 mg/kg PO, IV
q24h (Green iguanas) I 0.1-0.2 mg/kg PO, IM q24h×4-10 days (Chelonians;
no evidence of efficacy) I 0.2 mg/kg IM, IV, SC (Red-eared slider turtles) I
0.5 mg/kg PO, IM, or 0.22 mg/kg IV (Red-eared sliders; found better
absorption IM vs PO)
Tramadol: 11 mg/kg PO (Bearded dragons) I 5-10 mg/kg PO, SC (Red-eared
slider turtles, sea turtles/thermal analgesia, higher doses may affect
ventilation) I 5-10 mg/kg PO (Loggerhead sea turtles) I 10 mg/kg PO
(Turtles, tortoises/analgesia) I Em répteis pode ser utilizado por via SC, IM
ou VO com doses variando entre 5 e 11mg/kg (KLAPHAKE et al., 2018)
 DIVERSOS

Furosemide: 2-5 mg/kg PO, IM, IV q12-24h (Most

species/diuretic for edema and pulmonary congestion;
while lacking loopof Henle, may effect via other
mechanisms)
Metoclopramide: 0.06 mg/kg PO q24h×7 days (Most species) I 0.05 mg/kg
POq24h×7 days (Sea turtles/intestinal motility stimulant) I 0.5 mg/kg IM
q24h (Sea turtles/supportive care)
Silymarin: 4-15 mg/kg PO q8-12h (Lizards, chelonians/hepatoprotectant)
Pentobarbital: 60-100 mg/kg IV, IC (Euthanasia)
Vitamin A: 2000 U/kg PO, SC, IM q7-14d×2-4 treatments (Most
species/hypovitaminosis A) I 2000 U/30 g BW PO once,repeat in 7 days
(Chameleons/eye swelling, respiratory disease,hemipenile plugs,
dysecdysis) I 200-300 U/kg84 SC, IM (Turtles/hypovitaminosis A; give
in conjunction with PO vitamin A (2-8 U/g feed DM)

AVES
AGENTES ANTIMICROBIANOS

Amikacin (Extended spectrum aminoglycoside; least nephrotoxic

of the aminoglycosides; maintain hydration and avoid
concurrent use of other nephroactive drugs): 10-15 mg/kg IM
q24h (Raptors) I 10-15 mg/kg IM, IV q8-12h (Most species, including
psittacines) I 10-20 mg/kg IM, IV q8-12h (African grey parrots) I 15-20 mg/kg
SC, IM, IV q8-12h (Passerines, pigeons/5 days maximum) I 15-20 mg/kg IM
q8-12h (Cockatiels)
Cephalexin (First-generation cephalosporin; activagainst many Gram-
positive and some Gram-negative bacteria): 35-50 mg/kg PO, IM q6-8h
(Pigeons, emus, cranes, raptors, psittacines) I 40-100 mg/kg PO, IM q6-8h
(Most species, including raptors, psittacines, passerines)
Doxycycline (Broad-spectrum tetracycline with activity against a wide
range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; drug of choice for
Chlamydia and Mycoplasma): 2-3.5 mg/kg PO q12h (Ratites) I 7.5-8 mg/kg
PO q12-24h (Passerines, nectar feeders, pigeons) I 25 mg/kg PO q12h
(Psittacines, raptors/some Gram-negative bacterial infections and possibly
Leucocytozoon)
I 25 mg/kg PO q12h (Psittacines, raptors/some
Gram-negative bacterial infections and possibly
Leucocytozoon) I 25-50 mg/kg PO q12-24h (Most species,
including parrots-African grey parrots, Amazon parrots...)
I 35 mg/kg PO q24h × 21days (Cockatiels; Chlamydia) I 130 mg/L
drinking water (Psittacines) I 250 mg/L drinking water (Canaries)
Enrofloxacin: 1.5-2.5 mg/kg PO, SC q12h (Ratites) I 5 mg/kg
SC, IM q12h (Cockatiels) I 5 mg/kg PO, IM q12-24h (African grey parrots) I 5-
10 mg/kg POq8h (Passerines, pigeons) I 5-15 mg/kg PO, SC, IM q12h
(Raptors,Psittacines, pigeons/drug of choice for Salmonella typhimurium) I
10 mg/kg PO q12h (Cockatiels) I 10-15 mg/kg PO, IM q12h × 5-7 days
(Raptors) I 10-20 mg/kg PO q24h (Passerines, psittacines, pigeons) I
15 mg/kg PO, SC q12h (Most species) I 30 mg/kg PO, IM q24h (Psittacines) I
100-200 mg/L drinking water (Psittacines, pigeons) I 200 mg/L drinking
water (Canaries)
Gentamicin (Extended spectrum aminoglycoside; potentially nephrotoxic;
maintain hydration and avoid concurrent use of other nephroactive drugs):
2.5 mg/kg IM q8h (Raptors/PD) I 3-10 mg/kg IM q6-12h (Passerines) I 5-10
mg/kg IM q8-12h (Cockatiels)
Metronidazole (Nitroimidazole antibiotic and antiprotozoal agent active
against most anaerobes; penetrates blood-brain barrier): 10 mg/kg IM
q24h × 2 days (Psittacines) I 10-30 mg/kg PO q12h × 10 days (Psittacines) I
50 mg/kg PO q24h × 5-7 days (Most species, including raptors,
psittacines/anaerobes) I 50 mg/kg PO q12h × 30 days (Amazon parrots,
cockatoos/anaerobic and hemorrhagic enteritis)
Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine (Potentiated sulfonamide combination
antibiotic; broad spectrum): 12-60 mg/kg PO q12h × 5-7 days
(Raptors/useful for sensitive infections inneonates) I 20 mg/kg SC, IM
q12h (Psittacines) I 30 mg/kg PO q8h (Psittacines/combine with
pyrimethamine for treatment of sarcocystosis) I 60 mg/kg POq12h(Pigeons)
Tylosin (Macrolide antibiotic; effective against most aerobic and anaerobic
Gram- positive bacteria, may be effectiveagainst Gram-negative organisms;
active against Mycobacterium; Chlamydia, and Mycoplasma; potentially
irritating to muscles when administered IM): 15-30 mg/kg IM q12h × 3 days
(Raptors) I 20-40 mg/kg IM q8h (Psittacines) I 30 mg/kg IM q12h (Most
species/Mycoplasma) I 50 mg/L drinking water (Most species) I 250-400
mg/L drinking water (canares)
 AGENTES ANTIFÚNGICOS

Ketoconazole (Imidazole antifungal agent; fungistatic; variable

sensitivity between yeasts and fungi; systemic fungal infections):
15 mg/kg PO q12h (Raptors/candidiasis) I 20 mg/kg PO q8h
7-14 days (Psittacines/refractory candidiasis) I 20 mg/kg PO
q24h× 14 days (Psittacines, passerines, raptors) I 20-30 mg/kg PO
q8h (Cockatoos) I 30 mg/kg PO q12h × 7-14 days
(Amazon parrots/PD)
Nystatin (Polyene macrolide antifungal agent; used topically or
orally to treat GI candidiasis; can be effective against other yeast and fungi;
poorly absorbed from the GI tract): 20,000-100,000 U/bird PO q24h× 7 days
(Pigeons/candidiasis) I 100,000 U/kg PO q12h (Pigeons, raptors) I 250,000-
500,000 U/kg PO q12h (Ratites) I 300,000 U/kg PO q12h × 7-14 days (Most
species) I 300,000-600,000 U/kg PO q8-12h× 7-14 days (Psittacines) I
500,000 U/kg PO q8h × 5 days (Toucannettes (safron)/candidiasis) I 100,000
U/L drinking water or 200,000 U/kg soft feed (Canaries, finches)
Echinacea: 0.5 mL/kg per L drinking water q24h × 5 days
(Psittacines/herbal immunostimulant) I 1 mL/L drinking water (Psittacines)
Silymarin: 100-150 mg/kg PO divided q8-12h (Most species/hepatic
antioxidant; used in patientswith liver disease and as ancillary to
chemotherapy; use an alcohol-free liquid formulation)

ANTIPARASITÁRIOS
Ivermectin (All species/most nematodes, acanthocephalans, leeches, most
ectoparasites): 0.2 mg/kg PO, SC, IM once, can repeat in 10-14 days
(Most species, includingpsittacines, passerines, pigeons, raptors, guinea
fowl, ratites) I 0.2-1 mg/kg PO, SC, IMq1 4d × 2-3 treatments (Raptors) I 0.2
mg/kg SC, topical on skin; can repeat 1-2k for 3-4 applications (Canaries)
Metronidazole (Most species/antiprotozoal, including alimentary tract
protozoa - especially flagellates such as Giardia, Histomonas, Spironucleus,
Trichomonas): 10-20 mg/kg IM q12-24h × 2 days (Pigeons, psittacines) I
10-30 mg/kg PO, IM q12h × 10 days (Psittacines) I 25 mg/kg PO q12h × 2-
10 days (Psittacine neonates) I 30-50 mg/kg PO q24h × 3-5 days
(Raptors/Trichomonas) I 50 mg/kg PO q12-24h (Most species/Trichomonas,
Giardia, Cochlosoma) I 40-80 mg/L drinking water × 3 days (Most
species/Trichomonas, Giardia, Cochlosoma) I 100 mg/L drinking water
(Canaries)
 MELOX e TRAMADOL

Meloxicam: 0.5 mg/kg PO q12h × 14days (African grey parrots/PD)

I 0.5-1 mg/kg PO q12h (Ring-necked parakeets) I 1.5-2mg/kg
SC, PO, IM q12h × 9 days (Pigeons/PD) I 1 mg/kg PO, IM, IV
(African grey parrots)
Tramadol: Pesquisas de concentração plasmática de analgesia e
terapêutica em águias-de-cabeça-branca comparada a níveis humanos
foram realizadas com doses de 11 mg/kg, tendo efeito na maioria dos
espécimes (SOUZA, M. et al., 2007, citados por HAWKINS & PAUL-MURPHY,
2014) I 5 IV ou PO BID*
Dipirona: 20-25 mg/kg a cada 8 horas por via oral*
*doses de outras fontes

AGENTES NEBULIZADORES

N-acetyl-L-cysteine: 10%-20%: 22 mg/mL sterile water (Most

species/mucolytic agent)
Amikacin: 5-6 mg/mL sterile water or saline × 15 min q8-12h (Most
species/discontinue if polyuria develops)
Aminophylline 3 mg/mL sterile water or saline × 15min (Most
species/bronchial and pulmonaryvasculature smooth muscle relaxation;
incompatible with amikacin, cephalothin, clindamycin, erythromycin,
oxytetracycline, methylprednisone, penicillin G, tetracycline)
Enrofloxacin: 10 mg/mL saline (Most species)

DIVERSOS

Vitamin A: 2000 U/kg PO, IM333 Psittacines/adjunctive therapy for pox

infection I 5000 U/kg IM q24h × 14 days, then 250-1000 U/kg q24h PO
(Psittacines/adjunctive therapy for respiratory or epithelial disease) I 33,000
U/kg (10,000 U/300 g) IM q7d (Most species/hypovitaminosis A) I 50,000
U/kg IM q7d (Psittacine neonates)
Vitamin C: 20-50 mg/kg IM q1-7d (Most species, including
raptors/nutritional support; supplemental therapy for pox infection)
Furosemide (Diuretic; overdose can cause dehydration and
electrolyte abnormalities): 0.1-2 mg/kg PO, SC, IM, IV q6-
24h (Most species, including psittacines, raptors, pigeons,
mynahs, ratites; lories are extremely sensitive) I 0.15 mg/kg IM
(Psittacine neonates/pulmonary congestion) I 1-5 mg/kg IM q2-
12h (Parrots/acute treatment of congestive heart failure) I
1-10 mg/kg PO q8-12h (Parrots/maintenance treatment of congestive
heart failure)
Mannitol (Osmotic diuretic used to treat cerebral edema, especially after
head trauma; may be used with furosemide; also used to treat glaucoma):
0.25-2 g/kg q24h IV (slow bolus) (Most species, including raptors)
Metoclopramide (Gastrointestinal motility disorders; regurgitation; slow
crop motility): 0.5-1 mg/kg PO, IM, IV q8-12h (Most species, including
psittacines/gastrointestinal ileus; regurgitation) I 2 mg/kg IM, IV q8-
12h (Raptors, waterfowl/crop stasis; ileus)
Silymarin: 10-100 mg/kg PO q24h × 21 days (Pigeons/PD) I 50-75 mg/kg PO
q12h (Most species) I 100-150 mg/kg PO divided q8-12h (Most
species/hepatic antioxidant; use in patients with liver disease and as
ancillary to chemotherapy)