5G en 5H

Grup de formació 5G Barcelona

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Syllabus
 5G ecosystem
 Generations of mobile communication systems
 Motivations, needs and triggers for 5G
 Usage scenarios and requirements (KPI)
 5G system design pillars and baseline technologies
 Standardization and industry forums
 Spectrum for 5G
 Illustrative use cases and applications
 Trials and first commercial launches

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 Generations of mobile communications systems
 Mobile is the largest technology platform in human history (over 8500 million
connections worldwide by the end of 2018(1))
 Continuous innovation: Significant technology leaps every ~ 10 years

1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s

1G 2G 3G 4G 5G
Analog Digital Voice Mobile Mobile Enhanced MBB,
Voice GSM, D- Data Broadband (MBB) URLLC, massive MTC
AMPS, NMT, AMPS, IS-95 WCDMA/HSPA+/ LTE, LTE-
TACS CDMA2000/EV- Advanced New Radio (NR)
DO
(1) Source: http://www.5gamericas.org

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 Motivations, needs and triggers for 5G

 Why 5G? To Global mobile data traffic and year-on-year

address the growth (EB per month)
continuous 30 EB per month
increasing (Q1 2019)
demand for
mobile
broadband 80 % year-on-year growth
between Q1 2018 and Q1 2019

1 EB = 1018 B =
1 billion GBs

Source: Ericsson, June 2019

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 Motivations, needs and triggers for 5G

 Why 5G? To
address the
Mobile data traffic by
continuous
application category per month
increasing (percent)
demand for
mobile
broadband

1 EB = 1018 B =
1 billion GBs

Source: Ericsson, June 2019

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 Motivations, needs and triggers for 5G
Emerging immersive media
 Why 5G? To bring formats and applications
next generation (HD/UHD, 360-degree video, AR, VR)
mobile
experiences

Gb/s data speeds,

real-time interactivity,
massive capacity for
unlimited data

Source: Qualcomm

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 Motivations, needs and triggers for 5G

 Why 5G? To 1. Time-critical 1. Grid

drive 2.
process control
Non time-critical
factory
2.
access
Grid
1. Assets and
intervention
backhaul management
digitalisation in 3.
automation
Remote control
3. Grid
backbone 2.
in Hospital
Robotics
4. Intra/Inter-
3. Remote
multiple sectors Enterprise
communication
4.
monitoring
Smarter
5. Connected
medication
goods

1. Ultra High Fidelity

Media
2. On-site Live Event
Experience
3. User/Machine
Generated
Content
4. Immersive and
Integrated Media
5. Cooperative Media
1. Automated driving Production
2. Share my view 6. Collaborative
3. Bird’s Eye View Gaming
4. Digitalization of Transport and Logistics
5. Information Society on the Road

And many others: Public Safety, Agriculture, Retail, Smart City, etc.
Source: “5G empowering vertical industries”, 5G-PPP, ERTICO, EFFRA, EUTC, NEM, CONTINUA and Networld2020 ETP.
February 2016

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 Motivations, needs and triggers for 5G
5G revenues forecast

World Markets, Forecast: 2019 to 2035 (Source: ABI Research)

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 Usage Scenarios for 5G
eMBB

mMTC URLLC
Source: IMT Vision – “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”, June 19, 2015,
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC- M.2083-0-201509-I!!PDF-E.pdf

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 Requirements for 5G

Comparison of Key
Performance
Indicators (KPI) for 4G
(IMT-Advanced) and
5G (IMT-2020)

Source: IMT Vision – “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”, June 19, 2015,
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC- M.2083-0-201509-I!!PDF-E.pdf

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 Requirements for 5G

KPIs can vary

significantly depending
on specific 5G
applications

Source: IMT Vision – “Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2020 and beyond”, June 19, 2015,
https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/m/R-REC- M.2083-0-201509-I!!PDF-E.pdf

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5G design pillars and baseline technologies

Basic terminology and background

Application / Service Layer Application / Service Layer

Data
User Network(s)
Equipment

Mobile Network Internet, Private

Networks,
Multimedia
Radio Access Core Service
Network Network Platforms (E.g.
Radio
(RAN) (CN) VoLTE)
interface

Network connectivity layer

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5G design pillars and baseline technologies

New Radio (NR) interface. Benefits compared to LTE:

 Higher-frequency operation and spectrum flexibility

 Ultra-lean design
 Forward compatibility
 Lower latency
 Beam-centric design

Key
features:

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5G design pillars and baseline technologies
AMF/UPF AMF/UPF

5GC node(s) 5GC node(s)

Next Generation Radio Access
Network (NG-RAN)
NG
NG

 Considers both 5G NR and NG

NG
evolved LTE interfaces, Xn
including multi-connectivity gNB gNB
5G NR
support interface
 Flexible RAN architecture with Xn
ng-eNB ng-eNB
several functional splits LTE
interface
supported, facilitating multiple
deployment options O-RAN splits 3GPP splits
(Centralised/Distributed RAN)
 Facilitates the implementation
of part of the gNB functions in
Network Function
Virtualization (NFV)
infraestructures

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5G design pillars and baseline technologies
5G System (5GS)
5GC CP Network Functions (NFs)
 Besides IP, support for
Ethernet and Unstructured
Data connectivity NSSF NEF NRF PCF UDM AF
 CP/UP functional split (following
SDN principles) Nnssf Nnef Nnrf Npcf Nudm Naf

 Modularised function design. Nausf Namf Nsmf

Service-based architecture AUSF AMF SMF SCP
(SBA) with RESTful APIs
 RAN-agnostic 5GC. Fixed and N1
Mobile Convergence. Support N2 N4
for non-3GPP access (Wi-Fi).
 Support for edge computing N3 UP N6
Data
applications. UP functions can Functions Network
(UPF)
be deployed close to the AN to
access local DNs. UE (Radio) N9
Access Network
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5G design pillars and baseline technologies
5G System (5GS)

 Architectural support for

Stateless virtual network
virtualized deployments. The functions which simplify
core network design for 5G data centric network and
includes a few innovations for software architecture
cloud optimization: and bring improved
scalability and plug &
play installation

Shared data layer optimized for cloud for massive

scale and data propagation. It offers a unified
solution for exposing data and open northbound
interface

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5G design pillars and baseline technologies
5GS
features:

 Support for
Network
Sharing and
Network Slicing

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5G design pillars and baseline technologies
5GS features:

 Enables network capability

exposure for fast service
creation via NEF (as part of the
5G SBA).

 Support for interworking and

migration from EPC EPC 5GC
deployments EPC NAS N1
N1
S1 S1 N2/N3
EPC NAS N2/N3

LTE Xn
LTE
5G NR

EPC UE EPC UE N1 UE (LTE N1 UE (NR

(LTE only) (LTE + NR DC) with or w/o NR DC) with or w/o LTE)

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5G design pillars and baseline technologies
(And many other) 5GS features:

 Support for Time Sensitive Communications as defined in IEEE P802.1Qcc and

transparent integration of the 5G System as a bridge in an IEEE Time Sensitive
Networking (TSN) network.
 Support for 5G LAN-type service. Support for 5G Virtual Network (VN) groups,
which consists of a set of UEs using private communication for 5G LAN-type
services
 Support for Non-Public Networks (NPNs). A NPN is a 5GS deployed for non-public
use that may be deployed as:
 a Stand-alone Non-Public Network (SNPN), i.e. operated by an NPN operator
and not relying on network functions provided by a PLMN, or
 a Public network integrated NPN, i.e. a non-public network deployed with the
support of a PLMN. This type od NPN can be enabled using network slicing
 Support for Cellular IoT (CIoT). Includes 5GS optimizations and functionality to
support CIoT applications (CP and UP CIoT optimizations, PSM, etc.)
 Support for URLLC via redundant connectivity sessions (i.e PDU sessions) over
the 5G network
5G design pillars and baseline technologies
Cloud and Edge Computing Technologies:
 5G core and radio networks are designed for cloud implementation and for edge
computing.

Fronthaul
 5G design pillars and baseline technologies
Cloud and Edge Computing Technologies:
 Illustration of a radio network architecture with edge cloud

Source: Nokia
5G design pillars and baseline technologies
Operations and Management:
OAM
 New service-oriented network
management architecture (aligned to
the SBA principles)
 New monitoring features (Telemetry)
 Automation and Self-Organizing
Network (SON) capabilities
 Embrace Big Data, Analytics and
Artificial Intelligence (AI)
technologies. NG-RAN 5GC
 Integration with mainstream
solutions for virtualization
Cloud, edge
management and automation (e.g. computing and transport
ETSI OSM, ONAP, ETSI ISG ZSM, resources
etc.)
Standardisation and industry forums
3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)

Established for the

specification of 3G UMTS
standards, the 3GPP is in
charge of advancing
GSM/EDGE (2G),
UMTS/HSPA (3G), LTE
(4G) and upcoming 5G
standards.
Work in 3GPP unites
seven telecommunications
standard development
organizations (ARIB, ATIS,
CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA,
TTC).

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Standardisation and industry forums
3GPP specifications

Phases and iterative process

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 Standardisation and industry forums
Evolution of the 3GPP standards (1/2)
2018

2008

Source: “5G NR: The Next Generation Wireless Access Technology”, E. Dahlman at al, 2018.

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Standardisation and industry forums
Evolution of the
3GPP standards (2/2)

Source: Qualcomm 2018

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 Standardisation and industry forums
5G specifications timeframe – Release 15 timeline

Rel-15 NSA is the one driving current commercial

launches (based on March 2019 version of the specs)

Source: 3GPP 5G - Status Report from RAN#84, Balazs Bertenyi 3GPP RAN Chairman (Nokia), Jul 3 2019
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 Standardisation and industry forums
5G specifications timeframe – Release 16 timeline

Progressing towards completion. Includes extended features and system improvements:

 Industrial IoT and URLCC enhancements

 5G V2X
 5G NR operation in unlicensed bands
 A number of system improvements and enhancements (e.g. MIMO enhancements,
Power Consumption improvements, etc.)

Source: 3GPP 5G - Status Report from RAN#84, Balazs Bertenyi 3GPP RAN Chairman (Nokia), Jul 3 2019
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 Standardisation and industry forums
5G specifications timeframe – Release 17 timeline

Work Areas under consideration:

 NR above 52.6 GHz (including 60 GHz  NR for Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN)
unlicensed)  RAN data collection enhancements
 NR LITE (mid-tier devices)  Positioning enhancements
 Sidelink enhancements  Integrated Access and Backhaul
 IIoT and URLLC enhancements enhancements
 NB-IoT and eMTC enhancements  …

Source: 3GPP 5G - Status Report from RAN#84, Balazs Bertenyi 3GPP RAN Chairman (Nokia), Jul 3 2019
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Standardisation and industry forums
On-going improvements:
Created to specify mission-critical applications over 3GPP systems, SA6 Working
Group has gradually expanded its activities for the standardization of new 5G
vertical applications

V2XAPP, FS_UASAPP, FF_APP

SA6 has established a

good momentum on Vertical applications enablers
vertical applications,
CAPIF
both in terms of the
core application SEAL services
architecture enablers
with CAPIF, SEAL Edge Edge
Enabler Enabler
and EDGE, and client server
initiating work on
vertical specific
enablers such as
V2XAPP, UASAPP,
and FFAPP. SEAL services: group, location,
configuration, identity, security, network
CAPIF: Common API Framework
resource
SEAL: Service Enabler Architecture Layer for Verticals

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Standardisation and industry forums
Multiple global
initiatives in the 5G
race …

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 Standardisation and industry forums
… reaching
out to a
wide
industry
ecosystem

Source: 5G PAN-EUROPEAN TRIALS ROADMAP VERSION 3.0

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Spectrum for 5G – General considerations
 Bands presently used in 2G, 3G and 4G systems span from 450 MHz to around 6
GHz.
 Bands at different frequencies have different characteristics
 In general terms, lower frequencies are suitable for wide area coverage and higher
frequencies used for capacity boosting in dense deployments
 With the introduction of 5G, the demanding eMBB usage scenario and related new
services will require even higher data rates and high capacity in dense deployments.
 While many early 5G Illustrative use of different spectrum
deployments will be in bands
bands already used for
previous mobile
generations, frequency
bands above 24 GHz (aka
as “mmwave” bands) are
being looked at as a
complement to the
frequency bands below 6
GHz (sub-6GHz bands).

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Spectrum for 5G – Global Harmonization
 The global designations of spectrum for different services and applications
are done within the ITU-R and are documented in the ITU Radio
Regulations.
 ITU RR are updated at the World Radiocommunication Conferences (WRC),
held every 3-4 years

 The frequency listings in the ITU RR do not directly list a band for IMT, but
rather allocate a band for the mobile service with a footnote stating that the
band is identified for use by administrations wishing to implement IMT.
 There is no specific mentioning of the different generations of IMT.

 Regional and local assignments are commonly “technology

neutral” and allow for any kind of IMT technology.
 This means that all existing IMT bands are potential bands for IMT-2020 (5G)
deployment in the same way as they have been used for previous IMT
generations.

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Spectrum for 5G – New bands allocations for IMT
 General timeline for identification of IMT spectrum

 WRC’15 was an important milestone setting the stage for 5G.

 A new set of bands below 6GHz were identified for IMT (e.g. 600 MHz in Regions 2 and 3,
700 MHz in Region 1).
 A new agenda item (1.13) was appointed for the next WRC, to identify high-frequency
bands above 24 GHz for 5G mobile services. These bands will be considered for IMT
identification at WRC’19. Most of these bands are already allocated to mobile services

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Spectrum for 5G – Priority frequency bands
 Summary of priority frequency bands for 5G in select countries

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Spectrum for 5G – Licensing of mmWave bands in
US
 Licenses auctions in 24 GHz and 28 GHz bands concluded in May
2019.
 Raised more than $2.7 billion in gross bids for more than 5,800
spectrum licenses from a total of 55 bidders. Some figures:
 AT&T $982.4 million dollars on 24 GHz spectrum
 T-Mobile US more than $800 million on 24 GHz and $39.3 million in the 28 GHz
 Verizon $506 million on 28 GHz and only about $15 million on 24 GHz spectrum
 Sprint’s bidding entity, ATI Sub LLC, did not end up purchasing any spectrum.
 US Cellular $129 million in the 28 GHz auction and more than $126 million in the 24 GHz auction.
 Dish Network about $2.9 million in the 28 GHz auction and about $11.8 million in the 24 GHz
auction
 Windstream about $6.2 million on 28 GHz licenses and $20.4 million into the 24 GHz auction
 Starry about $48.5 million at 24 GHz. This is a fixed wireless broadband provider which utilizes
mmWave bands and 802.11-based technology for its service.

 A third spectrum auction – billed by the FCC as the largest in the

country’s history – will begin on 10 December and include allocations in
the upper 37GHz, 39GHz and 47GHz bands.

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 Spectrum for 5G – Situation in Europe
 Harmonization measures on 3 “pioneer” spectrum bands for 5G
deployment in EU

3.4-3.8 GHz (or 3.6 24.25-27.5 GHz (or 26

700 MHz band
GHz) band GHz) band

Availability across the Availability across the Availability across the

Union by mid-2020 Union by end-2020 Union by end-2020

COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING

DECISION (EU) 2019/235 DECISION on harmonisation of the
Decision (EU) 2017/899 of the 24.25-27.5 GHz frequency band for
European Parliament and of the of 24 January 2019
on amending Decision 2008/411/EC as terrestrial systems capable of providing
Council of 17 May 2017 on the use wireless broadband electronic
of the 470-790 MHz frequency regards an update of relevant technical
conditions applicable to the 3 400-3 800 communications services in the Union.
band in the Union (5 May 2019)
MHz frequency band

(1) The
Commission’s implementing decisions for the harmonisation of spectrum for wireless broadband electronic
communications services are based on the principle of technology and service neutrality.

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Spectrum for 5G – Situation in Europe
 Awarded bands:

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 Spectrum for 5G – Last auctions in Spain
 200 MHz de espectro en la banda 3.6-3.8 GHz.
 El importe total acumulado por las concesiones es de 437,65 millones
de euros, cuadruplicando el precio de salida.

Teniendo en cuenta además el pago acumulado a 20 años incluyendo los intereses (+542
M€) más el importe de la tasa por reserva de espectro radioélectrico en estos 20 años
(+868M€), las aportaciones al Tesoro Público derivadas de la presente licitación ascenderán
a un montante total de 1410 M€.
Source: Redes Telecom

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Spectrum for 5G – Shared / Unlicensed Spectrum
 Use of unlicensed or shared spectrum is valuable for a wide range of
deployments, e.g.:
 Enhanced mobile broadband with higher speeds and better user
experiences in public networks using licensed and unlicensed spectrum
aggregation
 For local and customized industrial IoT and enterprise services in private
4G/5G networks
 Technologies:

3GPP is specifying 5G for unlicensed spectrum (5G-U) in 5 GHz and 6 GHz

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Spectrum for 5G – New spectrum model for industry?
Wide area of industries addressable by private networks
 The need of a
new spectrum
model for
industry is at
stake.

 Currently, different approaches are taken, e.g.

 Mobile operators create private extensions of their public networks, adding the equipment on the
local side and offer enterprises full control over their network operations, but use spectrum that
also serves for general usage (e.g. Orange’s plan for self-contained enterprise networks,
Deutsche Telekom’s model for so-called campus networks)
 Mobile operators lease spectrum to the enterprise or to “micro-network” specialized operators to
build private 4G/5G networks for industrial customers (e.g. Three Sweden and Ukkoverkot,
provider of private networks to air and sea ports)
 Regulatory intervention in order to allocate and subsidise spectrum for local industry (e.g. 3.7-3.8
GHz spectrum to be liberated for use by German enterprises by BNetzA).
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 Illustrative use cases and applications
 A large number of use cases have been identified, including their
evolution as new technologies are deployed, e. g.:

Source: Ericsson Mobility Report

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Illustrative use cases and applications
 eMBB – Sports Events

 Multiple camera views and virtual

reality to thousands of spectators at
a major sporting event
 The high density of users and
extreme throughput and latency
demands of these applications
cannot realistically be met by Wi-Fi
or LTE.

Scenario Experience Experience Area traffic Area traffic Overall user Activity UE speed Coverage
d data rate d data rate capacity capacity density factor
(DL) (UL) (DL) (UL)
Broadban 25 Mbps 50 Mbps [3,75] [7,5] [500 30% Pedestrians Confined
d access Tbps/km2 Tbps/km2 000]/km2 area
in a crowd

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Illustrative use cases and applications
 eMBB – Fixed Wireless Access
5G presents an opportunity for CSPs to offer massive broadband access to homes in areas where
conventional fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) is difficult or expensive to deploy

 Serve tens of
households per
base station using
using mmWave
spectrum.

 Sustain up to 1
Gbps per
household

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Illustrative use cases and applications
 Manufacturing – Real-time industrial networking
Time Sensitive Networking Example: Cycle time for robotic
(TSN) is likely to become the motion control
baseline networking
technology for real-time
industrial networking (existing
systems such as PROFINET
can run as a application over
TSN).

5G system
used as the
radio bridge
in a TSN
network

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Illustrative use cases and applications
 Manufacturing – Industrial automation

3GPP Study on Communication for Automation in Vertical Domains (TR 22.804) has identified a set of performance targets
for industrial automation using 5G

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Illustrative use cases and applications
 Automotive – Cooperative systems
Communication with
infrastructure or other vehicles
enables detection of objects
and “events” outside the
visibility range

Potential
applications

Source: 5GAA
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Illustrative use cases and applications
 Automotive – Cooperative systems
 Uses cases included in R16 specifications: Vehicles Platooning, Advanced
Driving, Extended Sensors, Remote Driving and Vehicle Quality of service
Support
Example of requirements for vehicles platooning

…
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 Trials and commercial launches
 5G Pan-EU Trials Roadmap – Time Plan

Source:
Today
5G PAN-EUROPEAN TRIALS ROADMAP VERSION 4.0, 5G IA
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 Trials and commercial launches

The European 5G
Observatory
provides updates on
all market
developments,
including actions
undertaken by the
private and public
sectors, in the field
of 5G

http://5gobservatory.eu/

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Trials and commercial launches
 Commercial launches
Region Country Operator
Western Europe Switzerland Sunrise Communications
Switzerland Swisscom
Latin America & Uruguay Antel
Caribbean
U.S. & Canada US AT&T Wireless
US Verizon
Asia & Pacific South Korea KT Corp
South Korea LG Uplus
South Korea SK Telecom

Source: 5G Americas. Statistics as of May 2019.

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Trials and commercial launches
 5G devices
• First 5G smartphones launched in the first half of 2019
• E.g. Samsung S10 5G, LG V50 Thinq, Xiaomi’s Mi Mix 3 5G, Huawei’s Mate 20 X,
Oppo’s Reno 5G smartphone, Motorola Z3 and its millimeter-wave-enabled Moto
Mod, 5G
• Modems: Snapdragon X50 (Qualcomm), Exynos Modem 5100
(Samsung), Huawei

Qualcomm X50 5G modem (not currently integrated in

the Snapdragon processor)

Qualcomm QTM052 mmWave antenna module

It contains a 5G NR radio transceiver, power management
integrated circuit (IC), RF front-end components, and a phased
antenna array.
Provides support for up to 800 MHz of bandwidth in the 26.5-
29.5 GHz, 27.5-28.35 GHz, and 37-40 GHz mmWave spectrum
bands.

Source: Qualcomm

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