(or ICT) is an umbrella term which covers any

communication devices, applications, and systems that

people use to interact and connect with others. Old form
of media like radio and television are considered as ICT.
Various services and applications, software or hardware,
as well as digital forms of communication such as tools available on the Internet like blogs and
e-mail, and computer software such as Microsoft PowerPoint and Word considered as ICT.
For example:
1. Cardinal Sin used the radio broadcast of Radyo Veritas to encourage Filipinos to fight
against former President Ferdinand Marcos in the year 1986.
2. In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web and founded World Wide Web
Consortium in 1994.
3. Today, the latest mobile devices use 4G Networking (LTE), which is currently the fastest
mobile network.

 Information and Communication Technologies - deals with the use of different communication technologies
such as mobile phones, telephone, Internet to locate, save, send and edit information.
 ICT in the Philippines
- Philippines is dub as the “ICT Hub of Asia” because of huge growth of ICT-related jobs, one of which is
BPO, Business Process Outsourcing, or call centers.
- ICT Department in the Philippines is responsible for the planning, development and promotion of the
country's information and communications technology (ICT) agenda in support to national development.

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 Internet
- is the global system of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to
link billions of devices worldwide
- means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the world via dedicated routers and
servers.
sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of computer networks a network of networks in
which users at any one computer can get information from any other computer 
 Word Wide Web
- an information system on the Internet that allows documents to be connected to other documents by
hypertext links, enabling the user to search for information by moving from one document to another.
- is an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by
hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet.
- Invented by Tim-Berners Lee
 Web Pages
- Is a hypertext document connected to the World Wide Web.
- It is a document that is suitable for the World Wide Web 
 Websites
- a location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more pages on the World Wide Web.
- It is a related collection of World Wide Web (WWW) files that includes a beginning file called a home
page.
 Web browser
- It displays a web page on a monitor or mobile device
- is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World
Wide Web.

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 Static Web Pages
- Static is Web 1.0
- Static web page is known as flat page or stationary page in the sense that the page is “as is” and cannot be
manipulated by the user.
- The content is also the same for all users that is referred to as Web 1.0
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  Dynamic Web Pages
- web 2.0 is the evolution of Web 1.0 by adding dynamic web pages
- The user is able to see website differently than others e.g social networking sites, wikis, video sharing sites
- Web 2.0 allows users to interact with the page, the user may be able to comment or create a user account
- Most website the we visit today are Web 2.0
 Static vs. Dynamic Web page
- Static" means unchanged or constant, while "dynamic" means changing or lively.
- A static site is one that is usually written in plain HTML and what is in the code of the page is what is
displayed to the user. A dynamic site is one that is written using a server-side scripting language such as
PHP, ASP, JSP, or ColdFusion.
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The Current State of ICT Technologies

When the World Wide Web (Internet) was invented by Tim Berners-
Lee, most of the web pages were static web (also known as flat page or
stationary page) or the content is “as is”. In this state, the user cannot
manipulate or edit the content of the page, as well as, the content is
same for all the users. In addition, static web can be referred to as
Web 1.0.

Web 1.0 were added by dynamic web pages, and

eventually evolved into Web 2.0. This term was popularized by Tim O’Reilly
and Dale Dougherly at the O’Reilly Media Web 2.0 Conference in the year
2004. However, Darcy DiNucci coined this term on January 1999. In this
state, most of the websites contain dynamic content or has interactive
characteristics. Currently, digital natives, such as the Millenials and Gen
Z, enjoy these websites and applications because they can create,
collaborate, modify and exchange content with the other users.
But, how can we know if the website or application is an example of Web 2.0?
These are the six features:

1. Folksonomy – It is a term from the blended words “folks” and “taxonomy”. This feature
allows user to categorize and classify/arrange information (ex.: hashtag like #NewNormal).
2. Rich User Experience – This feature deals with how a site uses user information for a
personalized content (ex.: blog/vlog, social media accounts, et cetera).
3. User Participation – This means that those who view the website can also put their own
information (ex.: the comment section and/or the reaction button of Facebook).
4. Long Tail Services – These services offer services on demand as opposed to a one-time
purchase (ex.: the Netflix user must pay the monthly subscription fee to enjoy binge-
watching).
5. Software as a Service – It contains how users would subscribe to a software as opposed to
purchasing them (Ex.: thesis group members can collaborate online through Google Docs,
and can create online survey with Google Forms wherein members can edit and monitor
their progress simultaneously).
6. Mass Participation - This feature deals with diverse information sharing through universal
web access (ex.: regardless your nationality, gender, et cetera, you can share information
online, but make sure, it is not fake).

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One of the examples of Web 2.0 is the social networking site Facebook.

Through their personal account, user can share their personal information, and
thoughts. They can connect with their friends from distant locations and keep in touch with
them. In addition, business-minded user can start their online-selling business. Though
Facebook has a lot of privilege, it also comes with a great responsibility. As a Facebook user,
you should protect yourself from identity theft or other cybercrimes through changing your
privacy setting. Set your profile from “Public” to “Only Me” option.
Though netizens experiencing the advancement of Web 2.0, there are still people who like to
improve what we have. Tim Berners-Lee of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) encourages web
developers to include Semantic Web in their web pages, which is one of the components of Web
3.0.
Web 3.0 was coined by John Markoff of the New York Times in 2006. It supposed to be
the third generation of Internet-based services, which aims to produce machine that can
understands the user’s preferences. This machine can serve better by “learning” from the
previous choices of the user.

 Web 3.0 and Semantic Web

- Semantic Web is a movement led by the World Web Consortium (W3C).
- The W3C standard encourages web developers to include semantic content in their web pages.
- Semantic web is a component of Web 3.0
- Semantic web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across
application, enterprise, and community boundaries.
- The aim of web 3.0 is to have is to have machines or servers understand the user’s preferences to be
able to deliver web content specifically targeting the user.

However, it is not being fully realized due to several problems (3.0).

1. Compatibility – Our currently used web browsers, and HTML files cannot support the
idea of Web 3.0. If this compatibility won’t be achieved, other things like security will be
compromised also.
2. Security – To serve better the user, saving user’s preference is the main idea of Web 3.0.
However, is it achievable with the current state of the ICT?
3. Vastness – Information comes from billions of web pages is the main feature of the
Internet, and it must be organized to specifically deliver what the user’s need.
4. Vagueness – Web 3.0 machine must cater all languages as this third generation of web
aims to serve diverse users.
5. Logic – Since it uses logic, it might not understand sarcasm nor other messages that
might involving interference or prediction.

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Based on the lesson, the ICT is still under some development, however it greatly impacts our
daily life, and became an important part of the Philippine economy that our country was
dubbed as the “ICT Hub of Asia.”

Aside from Ash’s Pokémon creatures, the world of ICT keeps on growing and evolving, thus the
industry keeps on producing innovations that caters the needs of the digital natives and digital
immigrants. When we say “trends”, we are not only talking about the fashion styles and
clothes; but also, we follow trends in ICT.
These are the 4 trends in ICT:
1. Social Media – These are the websites, application, or online channel that allows the
netizens (Internet citizen/web users) to create, co-create, discuss, modify, and exchange user-
generated content such as images, documents, etcetera with the other netizens. People usually
misuses the term “social media” by referring it to a specific application or website, however,
this is an umbrella term. It means that social media has six (6) types:
1.1. Social Networks – This type enables the user to connect with the other user that has
same interest, background, and/or information. It has rich user experience as the user
can personalized their profile accounts, connect with the other users regardless the
distance, and react and leave comments on other user’s posts (Ex.: Facebook and Google

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 +).

1.2. Bookmarking Site – This site allows the user to store and manage links to various
websites and resources. Most of these sites allow you to create a tag that allows you and
others to easily search or share them (Ex.: StumbleUpon and Pinterest).
1.3. Social Media News – Simply known as social news. It is far different from the traditional
news platform. This site promotes sharing between the news provider and the user,
becomes a central hub for new stories from various other third-party sources to deliver
instant news, and users can interact with the news stories by voting, liking,
commenting, sharing, et cetera (Ex.: Reddit and Digg).
1.4. Media Sharing – Do you like to share your selfies, or to show your self-made film? Media
sharing applications enable user to upload and share media content like image, video,
and music to like, comment, and share by the other users (Ex.: TikTok, YouTube, and
Instagram).
1.5. Microblogging – Can you say your feelings with just 280 characters? This type of social
media focuses on short updates from the user (Ex.: Twitter and Plurk).
1.6. Blogs and Forums – Unlike the vlog (video log), blog (web log) user posts their own write
ups or narratives such as review, diary, or journal on their customized website. Through
this blogpost, users can share links to other websites with the other users, and the
others can leave comment or reaction. On the other hand, forum is a part of certain
website wherein users can hold an online discussion about a certain topic (Ex.: Blogger,
WordPress, and Tumblr).

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2. Convergence Technologies – In the past, people can access the applications and websites
through the personal computer. Due to technological advancement, industry produces devices
and gadgets that achieves similar task or goal with the personal computer. (Ex.: When I was a
college student, I need to rent a computer at the computer shop to finish my type-written
reports and research assignments, but now, I can access, download, and edit my students’
research through my smartphone.)

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3. Mobile Technologies – Similar with the fashion styles, mobile technologies, such as
smartphones and tablets, change and improve not just yearly, but every time. It becomes
popular because of its capability to do tasks that were originally found in personal computers.
Mobile devices use 4G Networking (LTE) and come along with different operating systems:
3.1. iOs – for Apple devices
3.2. Android – an open source operating system developed by Google
3.3. Blackberry OS – for Blackberry devices
3.4. Windows Phone OS – a closed source and proprietary operating system developed
by Microsoft
3.5. Symbian – for Nokia devices
3.6. WebOS – for smart TVs
3.7. Windows Mobile – developed by Microsoft for smartphones and pocket PCs

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4. Assistive Media – Have you watch the movie “Unfriended: Dark Web”? The main character
used an assistive media called “Papaya” to communicate with his deaf and mute girlfriend.
This trend refers to a group of software and hardware devices to help people with disabilities.

Online Systems, Functions, and Platforms

Due to technological advancement, online versions of information systems were developed.
These online systems are “the process of and tools for storing, managing, using, and
gathering of data and communications in an organization.”
On the other hand, platforms are any hardware or software to host an application. These
platforms come with the different functions. One example is the collaborative platforms. It is
a category of business software that adds broad social networking capabilities to work
processes. Another example is the web search engines like Google, Bing, and Yahoo. Once
these platforms were programmed, it functions and become a tool.

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