(DRAFT)
● citrus peel bio leather substitute for leather
● TURNING CITRUS PEEL INTO BIO LEATHER AS AN ALTERNATIVE WAY FOR
LEATHER
● Making citrus peel into bio leather as an Alternative way
● TURNING CITRUS PEEL INTO BIO LEATHER AS AN ALTERNATIVE WAY FOR
ANIMAL LEATHER
● BIO-LEATHER FROM CITRUS (Citrus aurantiifolia) PEEL AS AN ALTERNATIVE
TO ANIMAL LEATHER
● BIO-LEATHER FROM COCONUT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ANIMAL LEATHER
● Coconut husk waste bio-leather-- an environmentally friendly alternative
material for animal leather products.
● Cocos nucifera- a sustainable alternative material for leather
● Investigating coconut bio-leather as a means of developing an eco-friendly
market
● Production of bio-leather from coconut husk waste as an alternative to animal
leather
● Bio-leather: Evolving the growing market's perspective on animal leather
● Replacing animal leather to bio-leather in the textile
● Use of bio-leather in the leather industry
● Bio-Leather-- a potential material for sustainable eco-friendly fashion product
(DRAFTS)
RELATED LITERATURE REVIEW
Coconut leather is produced from "Nata de coco," a traditional coconut jelly prepared
in the Philippines from fermented coconut water and ripe coconut milk. Bacteria
(Acetobacter Xylinum) are widely used during the fermentation process. After
fermentation, a jelly-like substance that has been further sterilized and is ready for
consumption results (Gupta, Richa & Dr.Dushyant, Dave. Biomaterial:A Sustainable
Alternative to Animal Leather and Synthetic Material, May 8, 2021).
Although strong and resilient, coconut leather naturally disintegrates over time
without releasing any harmful gasses or harming the environment. (Rico,
Yañez.Biomaterial: A Sustainable Alternative to Animal Leather and Synthetic
Material:2020). Eco-friendly and animal-free leather, commonly referred to as “vegan
leather” or “artificial leather, is a substitute biomaterial made without the use of any
animal products. When compared to conventional leather, this biobased material
exhibits similar physico-chemical and mechanical qualities. Recent studies also
indicate that this category of materials is steadily expanding its market share in the
fashion sector as leather alternatives (NabanitaSaha, Fahanwi Asabuwa, et.al,
Environmentally Friendly And Animal Free Leather: Fabrication and Characterization,
November 30, 2020). The purpose of this research is to provide the customers and
designers the sustainable option for their clothes,bags and shoes. The core focus is
on revamping the raw material waste, production method of leather Dr. Dushyant
Dave, R. G. . (2021). Biomaterial: A Sustainable Alternative to Animal Leather and
Synthetic Material. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 25(6),
7317–7331.To sum up, this material may be taken into consideration as a potential l
eather substitute for animal leather.
METHODOLOGY
The sterilized coconut water and bacterial culture mixture are laid on trays during
the leather production process, and the sterilized coconut water and bacterial culture
mixture is set out on trays to incubate for 5 to 6 days. When the bacteria feast and
ferment for about 12–14 days, cellulose jelly is created. After being sterilized, this
sheet is processed using natural fibers including pineapple, hemp, and banana fiber
(banana fiber works best for making coconut leather). The nature of banana fiber is
lustrous and strong like silk. The coconut sheet formed may vary in thickness; the
thinner sheets are easy to handle as they are soft and lean.
COCONUT LEATHER PROCESS:
● Source mature coconuts
● Collect and sterilize the mature coconut water
● Mix coconut bacteria and water on tray
● Achieve the desired form of leather sheets
● Coconut Jelly processed with natural fiber
● Bacteria feasts and ferment on coconut water for 12-14 days and forms a
cellular sheet
● Shape, mold, cut and stitch as desired
REFERENCES
● Dr. Dushyant Dave, R. G. . (2021). Biomaterial: A Sustainable Alternative to
Animal Leather and Synthetic Material. Annals of the Romanian Society for
Cell Biology, 25(6), 7317–7331.
● S Wardah and T Baidawi (2020). Development of Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy
Process(F-AHP) For The Selection Of Alternative New Product Development
Ideas In Coconut Downstream Agroindustry. West Java, Indonesia: IOP
Publishing Ltd, (2020)
● Nabinta Saha, Fahanwi Asabuwa Ngwabebhoh, Hau Trung Nguyen, and Petr
Saha. (2020). Environmentally friendly and animal free leather: Fabrication
and characterization. AIP Publishing,(2020)
