Engineering Specification SP-47-1-Structural Steel
Section: Engineering Specifications\Series SP-40 Civil
Number: SP-47-1 Effective Date: 1/22/2018
Name: Structural Steel Owner: Civil
Approved By: Mike Nguyen Next Review Due: 1/20/2028
CONTENTS
1. GENERAL ........................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 OSHA COMPLIANCE ................................................................................................................ 2
1.3 DEFINITION ............................................................................................................................ 2
1.4 CODE AND REFERENCES ......................................................................................................... 2
2. DRAWINGS ..................................................................................................................................... 2
2.1 DESIGN DRAWINGS. ............................................................................................................... 2
2.2 SHOP DRAWINGS ................................................................................................................... 2
2.3 NUMBER OF DRAWINGS ......................................................................................................... 3
3. MATERIAL....................................................................................................................................... 3
3.1 GENERAL ................................................................................................................................ 3
3.2 ACCESSORIES ......................................................................................................................... 3
3.3 GRATING ................................................................................................................................ 3
4. FABRICATION.................................................................................................................................. 4
4.1 SHOP FABRICATION ................................................................................................................ 4
4.2 WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION .................................................................................. 4
4.3 WELDER QUALIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 4
4.4 SURFACE COVER ..................................................................................................................... 4
4.5 INSPECTION ........................................................................................................................... 4
4.6 MARKING ............................................................................................................................... 4
4.7 SHIPMENT .............................................................................................................................. 4
4.8 CONNECTIONS ....................................................................................................................... 4
5. ERECTION ....................................................................................................................................... 5
5.1 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................... 5
5.2 CODE ..................................................................................................................................... 5
5.3 FASTENERS............................................................................................................................. 5
5.4 CONTROL POINTS ................................................................................................................... 5
5.5 WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION .................................................................................. 5
5.6 WELDER QUALIFICATION ........................................................................................................ 5
5.7 PLUMB AND LEVEL ................................................................................................................. 5
5.8 GRATING ................................................................................................................................ 5
5.9 CORRECTION OF ERRORS ........................................................................................................ 6
5.10 PAINTING ................................................................................................................................ 6
5.11 GALVANIZING TOUCHUP ......................................................................................................... 6
5.12 INSPECTION ............................................................................................................................ 6
1. GENERAL
1.1 SCOPE. The materials, shop details, fabrication, preparation, and erection of structural steel
shall be in accordance with this specification unless otherwise noted on the drawings.
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Engineering Specification SP-47-1-Structural Steel
1.2 OSHA COMPLIANCE. All design and construction done in the United States under this
specification shall be in strict compliance with the Williams-Steiger Occupational Safety &
Health Act of 1970 and all subsequent amendments.
1.3 DEFINITION. Structural steel shall include all structural shapes, anchor bolts, bed plates, trench
angles, trench covers, manhole covers, sleeves, door frames, frames for windows or other
openings, handrails (angle iron or pipe), ladders, platforms, walkways, floor gratings, floor
plate, stair stringers, stair treads, stair nosing, stair landings, angle clips, braces, gusset plates,
and all necessary fastenings, connections, and components for the same, as called out on the
drawings and/or the purchase order.
1.4 CODE AND REFERENCES. Design shall be in accordance with the current editions of the
American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Manual of Steel Construction- Load and
Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) or Manual of Steel Construction - Allowable Stress Design
(ASD). Detail drawings, materials, and fabrication shall comply with the latest edition of the
following codes and specifications which to the extent indicated form a part of this
specification. Steel to other specifications may be called out on the design drawings in which
case that specification shall govern.
AISC/AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code - Steel
AISC - Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges
ANSI/NAAMM MBG 531 - Metal Bar Grating Manual
ASTM A36 - Carbon Structural Steel
ASTM A53 - Steel Pipe
ASTM A123 - Zinc Hot-Dip Galvanized Coatings on Iron and Steel Products
ASTM A153 - Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware
ASTM A307 - Carbon Steel Bolts and Studs, 60,000 PSI Tensile Strength
ASTM A325 - High-Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints
ASTM A563 - Carbon and Alloy Steel Nuts
ASTM A572 - High-Strength Low-Alloy Columbium-Vandium Structural Steel
ASTM A992 - Steel for Structural Shapes For Use in Building Framing
SSPC SP-2 - Structural Steel Painting Council: Hand Tool Cleaning
SSPC SP-6 - Structural Steel Painting Council: Commercial Blast
Albemarle Engineering Specification SP-93-1 - Paint and Coatings
2. DRAWINGS
2.1 DESIGN DRAWINGS. Albemarle's design will show the general arrangement, elevations, and
major dimensions in sufficient detail for preparation of shop drawings.
2.2 SHOP DRAWINGS. The Fabricator shall be responsible for design details and dimensions as
required for shop fabrication and field erection. Fabricator shall prepare detail drawings
necessary for shop fabrication of all items. Fabricator shall furnish Albemarle with compl ete
shop detail drawings and erection drawings as soon as completed and checked by the
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Engineering Specification SP-47-1-Structural Steel
Fabricator. These drawings shall include identifying mark numbers for each structural member
and/or unit and its component members.
2.3 NUMBER OF DRAWINGS. The Fabricator shall furnish Albemarle the following sets of drawings:
Type No. of Sets
Revised or Final 3
Fabricator's Stds 3
Electronic pdf copies may be submitted, if agreed by Albemarle engineer.
3. MATERIAL
3.1 GENERAL. All plates, bars, and structural shapes, except W and WT shapes, shall be new ASTM
A36 steel of type, size, and weight specified on the design drawings. All W and WT structural
shapes shall be new ASTM A- 992 steel of type, size, and weight specified on the design
drawings. All bolts shall be per ASTM A325, Type 1. Bolts shall have hex heads and nuts.
All bolts, except as noted below, shall be fully-tensioned using one of the methods specified in
the "AISC Specification for Structural Joints using ASTM A325 or A490 Bolts." All bolts in beam
to column connections, column splices, bracing connections, connections with oversized holes,
and any connections designed as slip-critical on the drawings shall be fully-tensioned using the
direct tension indicator method with Load Indication Washers (LIW) as manufactured by
Applied Bolting Technology Products, Inc. or approved equal.
3.2 ACCESSORIES. Fabricator shall furnish all necessary erection bolts, permanent bolts, clips,
shims, hardened washers, bevel washers, seat angles, and welding backup strips. Fabricator
shall supply 5% more field bolts, washers and LIW, including erection bolts, than the computed
quantity required.
3.3 GRATING. Unless specified otherwise on the drawings, grating shall have serrated surface, hot
dip galvanized, and be marked W-19-4 (1-1/4 x 3/16) steel per MBG 53 1.
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Engineering Specification SP-47-1-Structural Steel
4. FABRICATION
4.1 SHOP FABRICATION. All fabricated steel shall conform to the requirements of the AISC, Manual
of Steel Construction. All clips and attachments shall be seal welded.
4.2 WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION. All welding done under this specification shall conform
to a procedure which has been qualified under AWS D1.1. All welding shall be with class E70XX
electrodes.
4.3 WELDER QUALIFICATION. Each welder, tacker, or welding operator shall be qualified under
AWS D1.1. If a welder has been qualified by an acceptable testing agency under AWS D1.1
within the past six (6) months, the certificate from that test shall qualify him under this
specification. Non-qualified welders shall be qualified at the Fabricator's expense by Albemarle
or an independent testing agency. Three copies of all qualification certificates shall be furnished
to Albemarle.
4.4 SURFACE COVER. Unless otherwise specified on the drawings and/or the purchase order, all
structural steel, except handrails, ladders, cages and safety gates, shall be galvanized per ASTM
A123, Zinc (Hot Galvanized) Coatings, to a 2.3 oz per sq ft average coating. All weld spatter and
all welding flux residue must be removed from wel dments, by whatever means are required,
prior to galvanizing. Entrapment of galvanizing bath or air pockets shall be prevented by
strategically located blow holes and vents. All handrails, ladders, cages and safety gates shall be
painted safety yellow per Sections 5. 8 and 8.3of Albemarle Spec SP-93-1. If otherpainting is
specified, the requirements of Albemarle Spec SP-93-1 shall be followed.
4.5 INSPECTION. Materials and fabrication covered by this specification shall be subject to
inspection by Albemarle at the Fabricator's plant or at the place of installation. Albemarle
reserves the right to reject materials or workmanship that do not comply with the specified
standards or codes. Fabricator shall furnish written certification that all welds have been
prepared per Para. 4.2.
4.6 MARKING. Each piece of fabricated steel shall be identified with a waterproof mark number
corresponding to that shown on the shop detail and erection drawings. Fabricated steel which
is to be galvanized shall be identified with weld bead mark numbers. Columns and complicated
structural sections shall have the north side and one end identified to aid in field erection.
4.7 SHIPMENT. Each piece of fabricated steel shall be securely tied, guyed, blocked, and separated
with dunnage to prevent damage to the protective coating and machined surfaces during
shipment.
4.8 CONNECTIONS. Unless otherwise specified on the drawing, all connections shall conform to
AISC-ASDType 2 construction (simple framing) orAISC-LRFD Type PR (simple framing).
Connections shall be shop welded and field bolted and shall be in accordance with AISC-ASD
Part 4, Table I, II, III, and X or the equivalent Tables of AISC-LRFD Part 8. Beam-to-column
connections, column splices, brace connections, connections with oversized holes, an d other
connections designated as slip-critical on the drawings shall be Type SC. All other connections
shall be type N unless otherwise specified. For galvanized faying surfaces, the allowable values
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Engineering Specification SP-47-1-Structural Steel
in the tables for Type SC connections shall be multipli ed by 0.58 for as-galvanized surfaces or by
1.20 for surfaces roughened by hand wire brushing. Power wire brushing is not permitted.
Galvanized bolts may be lubricated with beeswax, cetylalcohol, or commercial wax.
5. ERECTION
5.1 SCOPE. Erection does not include the setting of items to be embedded in concrete or masonry
such as bed plates, anchor bolts, or loose lintels. The Erector shall furnish all labor, equipment,
tools, scaffolding, rigging, office facilities, consumable and expendable supplies, and any
temporary flooring required by law or by Albemarle for the items covered in this specification.
5.2 CODE. Erection shall be done in accordance with the AISC, Code of Standard Practice. The
Fabricator will furnish the Erector with 2 copies of Fabricator's erection (assembly) drawings.
5.3 FASTENERS. The direct tension indicating device such as an Applied Bolting Technology
Products Load Indicator Washer (LIW) is placed on the bolt with the protrusions bearing against
the underside of the bolt head. If the bolt head will not be visible for inspection after
installation, or if the bolt head must be turned to install the bolt properly, then the LIW should
be placed at the nut end of the bolt assembly, and a supplemental hardened round washer
must be used. For a "nut end" installation, the LIW is placed on the bolt with the protrusions
facing toward the nut. The hardened round washer is placed on the bolt against the
protrusions, and then the nut is installed. If the LIW must be placed at the "head end" of the
bolt, and if the bolt head must be turned, then a supplemental hardened round washer must be
placed between the protrusions and the bolt head. If required, a beveled washer may be used
with the LIW. The surface contacting the LIW protrusions should not turn during installation.
However, for those installations where the LIW is used with a hardened round washer, some
slight movement of the round washer may be noted and is acceptable. Special washer
requirements, such as those related to slotted and oversize holes, must be properly observed.
The LIW may not be substituted for such required washers, but may be used in conjunction
with them. Galvanized nuts shall be provided with a lubricant which shall be clean and dry to
the touch. Galvanized bolts and nuts shall be shipped in the same container.
5.4 CONTROL POINTS. Albemarle will furnish accurate bench marks and coordinates for the Erector,
who shall be responsible for protection and maintenance of these points during construction.
5.5 WELDING PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION. See paragraph 4.2 of this specification.
5.6 WELDER QUALIFICATION. See paragraph 4.3 of this specification.
5.7 PLUMB AND LEVEL. All steel erected under this specification shall be plumb and level within
tolerances of the AISC, Code of Standard Practice.
5.8 GRATING
a. Clips: All grating shall be firmly anchored with galvanized steel or stainless steel G-Clips,
Model GG, as manufactured by Grating Fasteners, Inc. of New Orleans, Louisiana or
approved equal. At least two clips shall be used at each end of each panel. These clips shall
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Engineering Specification SP-47-1-Structural Steel
be located approximately 2" to 6" from either side of the panel. One clip shall be used at
each intermediate support. This clip shall be located approximately in the middle of the
panel width. Small pieces less than 12" wide may be secured by only 2 clips, if deemed
adequate by Albemarle engineer or inspector. Saddle type clips may be used in place of G-
clips and these must be attached using a bolt or screw having a minium diameter of 1/4". If
a hole is drilled or the coating compromised in any way,it must be cleaned and coated per
5.11. All hardware must be galvanized steel or stainless steel.
b. Banding The bars on the end of a grating panel shall be banded with steel flat bar (FB) 1-
1/4" x 3/16" in areas exposed to personnel. This includes stair landings, ladder entrances,
and access hatches. Grating panels which may be removed for equipment access shal l be
designated as a hatch and shall be banded on the ends. Grating bordering a hatch opening
shall also be banded. The FB shall be welded to every 3rd bar and each side bar and coated
per section 5.11.
c. Support The ends of all grating panels shall be supported and the grating shall overlap these
supports by a minimum of 1-1/2". Therefore, if two abutting panels are terminated on the
same support, this support shall be a minimum of 3" wide. Intermediate supports shall be
provided to maintain the design load rating of the grating.
5.9 CORRECTION OF ERRORS. Fabrication errors which prevent proper assembly and fit-up by
moderate use of drift pins, or a moderate amount of reaming, chipping, or cutting shall be
reported immediately to Albemarle for approval of the Erector's proposed method of
correction.
5.10 PAINTING. Primary painting shall not be done by the Erector. However, after erection, all
damaged and welded areas of structural steel which have been shop painted shall be cleaned
and coated by the Erector according to the original paint specification.
5.11 GALVANIZING TOUCHUP. When field welding is done on galvanized steel, the weld area shall
be hand cleaned per SSPC-SP-2, Hand Tool Cleaning, and touched-up with ZRC Cold Galvanizing
Compound, manufactured by ZRC Products Company of Quincy, Massachusetts or approved
substitute, 8.0mils minimum dry film thickness.
5.12 INSPECTION. Erection covered by this specification is subject to inspection by Albemarle.
Albemarle reserves the right to reject at any time workmanship that does not comply with this
specification.
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