Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
Heavy Workloads Faced by STEM Students and their
Prevention toward the Effect on their Health
A Research Proposal
Presented to the
Faculty of Senior High School
Philippine Christian University – Manila
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements in RDL 1:
Research in Daily Life 1
Leader:
De Castro, Gia Sunshine
Members:
Casas, Brent Luwi E.
Colinio, Jonathan O.
Diaz, Christian Paul F.
Madaya, Yunos P.
Manansala, Alicia Mae G.
Pineda, Ahleah
Riano, Roden L.
Salcedo, Shellby P.
Santos, Daniel Christoffer I.
Tambungui, Princess
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics
(STEM-11)
March 2023
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
This chapter consists of the Background of the Study, Statement of
the Problem, Significance of the Study, Scope and Delimitation, and
Definition of Terminologies related to the study, and is significant to
understand the research about the Heavy Workloads Faced by STEM
Students and their Prevention toward the Effect on their Health.
Background of the Study
Students have all had days at school where the assignments, PETA,
and deadlines pile up. Nevertheless, only some people react in the same
manner. Some of us are more resilient to stress than others. Some are in
excruciating agony as a result of their tremendous workload. Workload
refers to the amount of work a student must complete in a specific amount
of time, including classwork, exams, and other tasks. This affects most
students, particularly those in the STEM strand. The workload increased
students' stress and worry, resulting in physical health issues such as
headaches, stomachaches, and difficulty sleeping. A solution such as
prevention or coping mechanism is crucial to avoid the rising health issues
due to students' workload.
Academic workloads are a fundamental reason for students'
distress, ill-health and mental breakdowns. Academic workload is
considered one of the main stressors for college students, as it has been
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
shown to account for increased stress levels in college students (Murff,
2005). Various aspects of life can affect students' stress levels, from
sleeping habits to heavier workloads. In constructing a civilized
community, students constitute a foundational force. Academic success is a
significant life objective for them, and students who develop Ill- health
depression may suffer significantly. Previous studies have also reported
depressive symptoms being linked to systemic external stressors, such as
schoolwork requirements and extracurricular activities participation
(Goldring, 2012). These stressors are more linked to depressive symptoms
when the importance of said stressor is high (Goldring, 2012).
Furthermore, the leading cause of students' health destruction is the
academic community's high expectations, which put students under
pressure and drive them to worry, both of which negatively impact their
health.
Having workloads can gain knowledge and develop skills that build
confidence and self-esteem; it also prepares students for life and teaches
discipline and perseverance that can cause them to ingrain the skills since
workloads require time management. Working hard prepares students for
higher levels of education and gives them a more robust understanding. On
the other hand, excessive work and unrealistic deadlines make students feel
rushed, under pressure, and overwhelmed, making them feel that their
skills are being underused, leading to mental health problems. Students
commonly feel stress under heavy workloads; Stress can lead to an
increased prevalence of disorders related to mental and physical problems,
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
such as depression, anxiety, nervousness, and stress which can affect
academic performance.
Providing a coping mechanism or making other systems better in
terms of life education helps students build confidence in both
communication and cooperative and collaborative skills, provide them with
tools necessary for development, find new ways of thinking and problem-
solving, provides methods to socialize, makes new friends, and recognize
the impact of their actions. Let them take turns leading the discussions or
activities. Bring out each student's knowledge, encourage them to share
with others, and get everybody to participate. Giving students a sense of
leadership and importance will boost their confidence and self-worth.
The fundamental reason for this study is that significant challenges
with heavy workloads of the well-being of students are concerning. Our
study indicates that students experience workload, that is often connected
to stress. Coping with stress, including procrastination, is a fundamental
competence and indispensable for students. Having or knowing various
coping mechanisms could also significantly lessen the impact of heavy
workloads on people's health by using adaptive strategies. Coping
mechanisms are essential in helping people deal with or lessen their stress.
While some coping mechanisms worsen stress and support bad
psychological outcomes, others ameliorate stress and support positive
psychological outcomes. Every coping strategy's effectiveness, though,
may also be influenced by an individual's capacity for resilience.
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
Statement of the Problem
This study aims to recognize the effects of workloads on the health
of the students under the STEM strand at Philippine Christian University
and their coping mechanisms to prevent or lessen its negative impact on
their health.
Primarily, this study aims to answer the following:
1. What causes STEM students to experience a workload?
2. Do workload of STEM students affect their health?
3. How do STEM students cope with the workload given by their
strand?
4. What effective preventative measures can be taken to help reduce
the likelihood of health problems arising from heavy workloads
faced by STEM students?
Significance of the Study
For this study, the information gathered is considered significant as
it will increase understanding of the Heavy workload faced by STEM
students and their prevention towards the effect on their health.
Furthermore, the following groups are meant to benefit from it:
Students of Philippine Christian University. This research are bound to
benefit students because they will be more acquainted with academic
ideology that they’ve been facing occasionally, as this research prate about
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
how heavy workload affect student’s health. We know that numerous of
students facing distressed because of numerous reason such as homework,
social life, perceived parental pressure, university applications, and never-
ending school workloads.
Parents of the students of Philippine Christian University. Parents hook
on with this circulation as they also handout academic standard for their
children, the analysis discourse their children academic obstacles as parents
and guardian also impart emotional, ill health for their children.
Teachers of Philippine Christian University. This research will help the
teachers to accommodate their students with academic obstacles. Academic
distressed are been the problem for numerous probationers as plenty of
students report that the main source of their ill health is because of school
workload. We all know school teachers are the medium whom
implementing coursework.
Administrator of Philippine Christian University. This research will
contribute for school administrator as they are a critical component in the
success of school health promotion programs and activities, and they might
assist students by conducting a school study concerning the detrimental
effects of academic premises on their health.
Future Researchers. The conducted studies will further open doors for
future researchers to refine and expand studies about heavy workloads face
by stem students towards the prevention of its effect on their health. This
could provide information on the causes of health distressed issues among
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
STEM students as well as how to avoid them from negatively impacting
their well-being.
Scope and Delimitations
It will be conducted at the Philippine Christian University in
Manila. The participants will be the senior high school students from the
grade 11 STEM strand. We will conduct a pre-survey questionnaire and
will proceed to purposive sampling for interview participants. This type of
research, known as phenomenological research design, focuses on the lived
experiences of individuals, culminating the essence of the experiences for
several individuals who have all experienced the phenomenon.
The study limits its coverage to grade 11 STEM students only. We
exclude students who have different tracks and grade levels. The study's
primary purpose is to find ways to prevent the effect of heavy workloads on
STEM students' health and considers the students' opinion about the heavy
workloads that affects their health. The study may not cover extensive
medical health issues and will focus primarily on the common illness that
the students experience.
Definition of Terminologies
The researchers used conceptual definitions wherein the definitions
of terms used to define the terms can be found in the dictionary or other
credible sources.
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
Feasible Solution – It refers to a potential solution that meets all of
the constraints and requirements imposed on the problem.
Heavy Workload - In this study, it refers to the amount of work a
student must complete in a specific amount of time, including classwork,
exams, and other tasks.
Students - Someone who is enrolled in an educational institution
and is working towards earning a degree or diploma.
Academic Performance - It refers to the measure of how well a
student meets the standards set forth by their educational institution. It can
be measured in terms of grades, test scores, and/or completion rates.
Emotional Health - It is the ability to manage one’s emotions in a
healthy and productive way.
Physical Health - It refers to the overall well-being of an
individual’s body. It includes aspects like fitness, strength, and immunity.
Ill Health – This refers to a state in which a person is unable to
function normally.
Prevention – It is the action of stopping something from happening
or arising.
Philippine Christian University #
Senior High School
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter discusses the related literature before this study. It
consists of the following components: Research Literature, Research
Studies, Theoretical Framework, and Conceptual Framework. The given
statement refers to a chapter in a research document detailing the literature
related to and supporting the study.
Related Literature
Optimizing Students' Workload and its Effects on their Mental Health
during COVID-19 Pandemic.
Based on this study published in ( 2021), numerous students
describe school work as their primary source of ill health. Consistent
academic school achievers students are more likely affected by this issue. A
Stanford researcher found that students in high-achieving communities who
spend too much time on homework experience more stress, physical health
problems, a lack of balance, and even alienation from society. The average
study hours for students are approximately 2 to 3 hours per day to maintain
efficient mental and physical health. However, many students study for
more than 4 to 6 hours a day because of a heavy ton of school work, which
is the primary root of their unhealthy habits that are causing health
problems (Denise Pope). Further study found that lack of social interaction
can cause poorer health, increased risk of health depression, and cause
students' consociate behavior (Clifton maker).
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
Over and above that, there are several instances where school
teachers use homework for two purposes: getting students involved outside
of class and addressing material that can't be covered in the course.
Although frequent homework assignments have improved student
performance, 85% of students and 59% of teachers feel that homework is
stressful. According to a weigh-up, teachers give students tasks for an
average of 3.7 hours per day, or 17.5 hours per week, which will associate
students with insomnia sleep. According to a study, average students should
have eight or more than 10 hours of sleep at night. However, 48 percent of
middle school students complained of insufficient sleep because of anxiety
from their heavy schoolwork that needs to be finished. [Scientific study]
said that with more medical professionals now detecting stress-related
gastrointestinal problems, sleep loss could also lead to the development of
mental disorders and weaker immune systems. In addition to the study,
almost 28 percent of American senior high students face a lack of sufficient
sleep, causing more ineffective antibodies that lead to unhealthy being.
Furthermore, school enterprises are not only the factor of how
heavy workload affects students' health but also because of anxiety of the
students where their parents put academic standards for them to
acknowledge. According to data, 68 percent of students' assessment report
that parental pressure puts them under unhealthy stress, whether they can
surpass their parents' academic expectations. Many of them mentally
overthink and physically overmatch themselves for them to study over the
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
day so that they will aim at the expectations coming from their parents
(Robert Pressman). As we enter this month, numerous senior high school
students anxiously prepare for college entrance exams. Some universities
temporarily waive their SAT and ACT requirements in response. According
to Aleksander's research, A. (2020), Students ultimately experienced
fatigue, unease, and irritation as they studied issues related to their possible
careers as experts. The epidemic encouraged the creation of specific clean
activities and stopped daily rehearsals. Also, the findings suggest that
because they were generally less satisfied with their academic work/life,
the epidemic frequently affected students with desirable socio-segment
characteristics. Higher education instructors are not confident in their
capacity to spot concerns or identify which issues necessitate referral to a
counseling center despite the number of students who experience mental
health and health issues. Students do not complete assignments on time, are
absent from online interactions, and cannot answer.
The heavy workloads faced by numerous students that causing of
affecting their health, and the additional time focused only on studying
means that by pushing our children to put in an hour or more per day of
devoted homework time, we are not only not helping them but we are
hurting them, both physically and emotionally (Joseph Lathan).
Related Studies (Foreign)
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
The Effects of Heavy Workload in Students
In a survey of 148 high school students conducted by Tower, 43.2%
said they had more work than expected, and 20.9% said they had too much
work. 31.8% of students say they have a fair amount of work, and 4.1% say
they have less work than expected. 64.1% of students believe they have
more than a "reasonable" workload. This is very irritating and
disrespectful. Too much work can have a very negative effect on the mental
health of students. Nine hours a day (8:30-5:30 students have a co-
curriculum), then they have to go home and work for 2-5 hours, leaving the
students little time to sit and enjoy their meal or spend time with their loved
ones. If students want free time, they must sacrifice sleep and stay awake
from about 1:00 am to 2:00 am. Lack of sleep is no small problem. The
American Academy of Sleep Medicine recommends that teens get 8-10
hours of sleep a night, so sleep is critical to their teen health and well-
being. It is important. With the work we get, master's students can't get 8-
10 hours of sleep.
Related Studies (Local)
Psychological Distress and Coping of Filipino University Students amidst
the Global Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study
Due to the global health crisis, university students must adapt and
cope with the unplanned shift from the classroom to online learning mode.
The sudden change made them vulnerable and at heightened risk of
experiencing psychological distress since they have heavy-laden academic,
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
family, and personal life responsibilities. Despite their distress experiences,
they practice different coping strategies, including cognitive/and or
behavioural efforts. This sequential-explanatory mixed-method study
investigated Filipino university students' psychological experience of
distress and coping behaviour amidst the pandemic in the year 2020. Five
hundred four university students completed the Psychological Distress
Scale and Brief Cope Inventory in our descriptive, cross-sectional
quantitative first phase. Fourteen students participated in our
phenomenological qualitative second phase. The sequential-explanatory
process led to developing the Wheel of Filipino University Students''
Psychological Distress. This conceptual model typifies Filipino university
students' psychological distress experiences and coping strategies. The
emerging wheel model in this study offers evidence-based information for
mental health policymakers in safeguarding students' physical, social, and
psychological well-being. It can be a valuable platform for mental health
professionals to develop more focused intervention and treatment programs
for psychological distress following the Philippine Mental Health Act.
Theoretical Framework
To support the study, the researcher used these following theories:
Christopher D. Wickens’ Multiple Resource Theory (MRT), Edward L.
Deci and Richard M. Ryan Self-Determination Theory (SDT), and Richard
Lazarus & Susan Folkman Stress and Coping Theory
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
According to Wickens (1984), “the main objective of assessing and
predicting workload is to achieve evenly distributed, manageable workload
and to avoid overload or underload.” Wickens MRT proposes that the
human operator does not have one single information processing source
that can be tapped, but several different pools of resources that can be
tapped simultaneously. Wickens’ theory views performance decrement as a
shortage of these different resources and describes humans as having
limited capability for processing information. Cognitive resources are
limited and a supply and demand problem occurs when the individual
performs two or more tasks that require a single resource. Excess workload
caused by a task using the same resource can cause problems and result in
errors or slower task performance. However, if another task is being
performed at the same time that makes demands on the same component(s),
the result may be excess workload.
According to SDT, everyone needs autonomy; every individual has
a built-in preference for autonomy-supportive environments and will
benefit from exposure to such environments (Deci & Ryan, 1987; Ryan &
Deci, 2006). The consequences derived from having high levels of work
control (i.e., being beneficial or detrimental) will depend on the
individual’s capacity to take advantage of high autonomy environments.
SDT describes two distinct types of motivational tendencies: self-
determined and non-self-determined motivation. The theory posits that
self-determined individuals, compared with non-self-determined
individuals, are likely to have had the basic psychological need for
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
autonomy satisfied during their development (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 1987,
2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000). As a result, they are more likely to have
experience using autonomy supportive opportunities to their advantage and
also will feel comfortable in environments that afford opportunities to act
autonomously (i.e., such as in jobs that provide high work control). The
process that underlies the development of self-determined motivation is
referred to as internalization, which involves the processes by which
individuals acquire beliefs, attitudes, or behavioural regulations from
external sources and transform these external regulations into personal
attributes, values, or regulatory styles (Grolnick, Deci, & Ryan, 1997).
Those with a non-self-determined motive, on the other hand, are more
likely to have had their demand for autonomy suppressed, which could lead
to discomfort when given the chance to act independently.
SDT can be applied to understand how students' motivation and
well-being can be impacted by their workload. When students feel
overwhelmed with work and have little autonomy or control over their
academic workload, they may become demotivated and experience
negative effects on their mental and physical health.
The study of coping mechanisms and the negative impacts of stress
is called stress and coping theory (Lazarus and Folkman 1984). Depending
on individual preferences and/or contextual expectations, people deal with
stress in a variety of ways (Carver and Connor-Smith 2010). It is important
to constantly reevaluate whether the stressor poses a threat, harm, or
challenge, as well as whether there are enough resources available to help
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
you cope with your stress. This theory explains how to cope with or deal
with the bad consequences of stress on your pupils, and we will relate it to
students who are stressed or because of the quantity of work they have,
they do not have adequate time for themselves. Educators and students can
seek to prevent detrimental effects on health and wellbeing by using Stress
and Coping Theory to the study of the heavy workloads faced by STEM
students. This can ultimately lead to improved academic performance and
overall success.
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
Conceptual Framework
The concept of this study focused on the Heavy workloads face by
STEM students: Compartmentalization towards the prevention of its effect
on their health, Year 2023-2024 in Philippine Christian University. This
serves as a guide in the conducted research. The procedure applied in the
model is the Input-process-Output where the boxes are connected to each
other.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
This study aims to
recognize the effects
Participants for the Preventative measures
of workloads on the
pre-survey will be will be informed to
health of the students
gathered with simple
under the STEM students via online
random sampling.
strand at Philippine public posting using
Then the researchers
Christian University different platforms for
will have purposive
and their coping more chances of
sampling based on
mechanisms to viewers.
the pre-survey to find
prevent or lessen its
the participants who
negative impact on A brochure will be given
will participate in the
their health.
semi-structured to stem students with
interview. informative content
Primarily, this study
regarding Heavy
aims to answer the
following: Workloads Faced by
STEM Students and
-What causes STEM their Prevention toward
students to the Effect on their
experience a Health
workload?
-Do workload of
STEM students affect
their health?
-How do STEM
students cope with
the workload given by
their strand?
-What effective
preventative
measures can be
taken to help reduce
the likelihood of
health problems
arising from heavy
workloads faced by
STEM students?
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
This chapter discusses the methods and strategies implemented. It
consists of the following components: Research Design, Research
Location, Research Participants, Data Collection Instrument, Data
Gathering Method, and Data Analysis. The given statement refers to a
chapter in a research document that details the methods and approaches
utilized to conduct the study. This section provides a comprehensive
overview of the methodology and techniques adopted in the research
process.
Research Design
This qualitative study uses phenomenological theory to explore the
subjective experiences and prevention of STEM students toward the effect
of workload on their health. The research focuses on understanding how
individuals experience and interpret the phenomenon of workload and their
preventative measures to prevent their impact on their health. The
phenomenological analysis helps explore complex, subjective phenomena
that are difficult to quantify or measure objectively.
Phenomenological research involves in-depth interviews with
participants who have experienced the phenomenon of interest. The open-
ended interviews allow participants to freely express their thoughts,
feelings, and experiences related to Heavy Workloads Faced by STEM
Students and the Prevention of the Effect on their Health. The goal is to
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
gain a deep understanding of the phenomenon as experienced by the
participants rather than to test a specific hypothesis or theory.
W’s will be conducted at the Philippine Christian University in
Manila. This S.Y. 2022-2023, the research participants will be Senior High
School students from the Grade 11 STEM strand. This place was selected
to investigate how a heavy workload impacts students' health. It will be the
primary focus of the research.
Research Participants
The researchers will use simple random sampling for the pre-survey
questionnaire. They will then proceed to purposive sampling, a non-
probability sampling in which researchers choose people from the general
population of participants to participate in their interview using their
discretion. The target population of this research will be the grade 11
STEM students of the Philippine Christian University of Manila currently
enrolled for the school year 2022-2023.
Research Instrument
The research instrument used for data-gathering in this study is a
semi-structured interview. The semi-structured interview is a set of specific
questions that will be carefully prepared for a group of STEM students to
answer to collect relevant information about the topic. The questionnaire
consists of a particular set of questions, but researchers could ask follow-up
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
questions to the interviewee. The questions need to be answered by our
participants via interview as it is easy to gather additional information and
to have an in-depth perspective on the responses of the interviewee.
Data Gathering Procedure
The procedure described below is intended to get first-hand answers
from the chosen participants to create a strong and beneficial study result
and suggestion.
The first thing will be the distribution of the informed consent form.
Due to the busy schedule of STEM students in PCU due to the regular
classes, we will individually message them online to see if they're
available. The researchers will introduce themselves, enlighten the
participants that the pre-survey questionnaire is for research purposes, and
inform them that their answers will remain confidential according to the
law. The researchers will then ask them if they could spare time to answer
the pre-survey questionnaire.
If participants accept the researchers' request to engage in the
activity, they will send them the link to the Google Form for the pre-survey
questionnaire. In this questionnaire, they will answer relevant questions to
know if they have the potential to become an interviewee. Once the
researchers find participants that are suited and related the most to the
topic, the interview will then be conducted.
After the interview, the acquired data will be processed, analyzed,
and tabulated by the researchers to determine "Heavy workloads faced by
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
STEM students: Compartmentalization towards the prevention of its effect
on their health.''
Presentation of the obtained answers. In the presentation, the
researchers will discuss the acquired interview responses. This will display
the findings of the discussions both graphically and textually. Depending
on the results, a conclusion and recommendation will then be developed
and considered.
Data Analysis
The researchers will use thematic analysis for this study's
qualitative data analysis. This approach will require several steps, including
familiarizing the data, creating initial codes, seeking themes, examining
and improving themes, defining and labeling themes, and constructing a
report. The researchers will employ many procedures, including the
triangulation of data sources, member verification, and peer debriefing, to
guarantee the objectivity and rigor of the analysis. In addition, the
researchers will record their judgments, presumptions, and interpretations
in a reflective log throughout the analysis process. Using thematic analysis
will enable the researchers to thoroughly examine the Heavy Workloads
Faced by STEM Students and their Prevention toward the Effect on their
Health. The results of this analysis will provide valuable insights and
contribute to the study.
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
REFERENCES
Kurata, Y. B., Bano, R. M. L. P., & Matias, A. C. (2015d). Effects
of Workload on Academic Performance among Working Students in an
Undergraduate Engineering Program. Procedia Manufacturing, 3, 3360–
3367.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351978915004989
Rahim, M. S. A., Saat, N. Z. M., Aishah, H. S., Arshad, S. A.,
Aziz, N. a. A., Zakaria, N. N., Kaur, K., Kamaruddin, M. M., & Suhaimi,
N. H. F. (2016c). Relationship between Academic Workload and Stress
Level among Biomedical Science Students in Kuala Lumpur. Journal of
Applied Sciences, 16(3), 108–112.
https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jas.2016.108.112
Abracero, Alexa & Therese, Rona & Alejandro, L & Joyce, Eliza
& Balderrama, M & Ulysses, Gene & Beltran, Matthew & Castillo, Maria
& Mago, Kristian & Sambile, Christopher & Francisco, & Francisco,
Christopher. (2021). Optimizing Students" Workload and its Effects on their
Mental Health during COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of
Multidisciplinary Studies. 5. 118-122.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
348930090_Optimizing_Students_Workload_and_its_Effects_on_their_Me
ntal_Health_during_COVID-19_Pandemic
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
I. (2022, March 2). The daily stress of being a student (and how to
manage it).
https://blog.innerdrive.co.uk/how-to-manage-daily-student-stress
De Guzman, J. O. S. M. E. S. R. a. B. (2022b, June
16). Psychological Distress and Coping of Filipino University Students
amidst the Global Pandemic: A Mixed-Method Study.
https://www.journalppw.com/index.php/jpsp/article/view/6918
Workload - Workload Theory and Workload Modelling –
Workload Theories. (n.d.).
https://www.liquisearch.com/workload/
workload_theory_and_workload_modelling/workload_theories
Campbell, T. S., Johnson, J. A., Zernicke, K. A., Shaw, C., Hara, K.,
Hara, K., Folkman, S., Inada, S., Monaco, J., Weiss, S. J., Pressman, S. D.,
Kraft, T. L., Bowlin, S. L., Hamer, M., Williams, V. V., Williams, R. B.,
Williams, R. B., O’Hara, M. W., Newman, J. D., . . . Smyth, J. M. (2013,
January 1). Workload. Springer eBooks; Springer Nature.
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-
9_934
Parker, Stacey & Jimmieson, Nerina & Amiot, Catherine. (2013).
Self-Determination, Control, and Reactions to Changes in Workload: A
Philippine Christian University
Senior High School
Work Simulation. Journal of occupational health psychology. 18.
10.1037/a0031803.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235785415_Self
Determination_Control_and_Reactions_to_Changes_in_Workload_A_Wor
k_Simulation
Proulx, J. D., & Aldwin, C. M. (2016). Stress and Coping Theory
in Geropsychology. Springer EBooks, 1–10.
https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-981-287-080-
3_120-1
Stenger, M. (2022, April 6). Don’t Overload Students: Assigning
Too Much Work Discourages Learning | InformED. InformED.
https://www.opencolleges.edu.au/informed/features/dont-overload
The impact of stress on academic success in college students.
(2005, October 1). PubMed.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16268204/
