Macro Molecules Carbohydrates

Biomolecules Large sized, high mol wt

Lipids
Proteins

.Found
u n d in the acid insoluble Nuclelca
cacids
po0

Carbohydrates Micro Molecules nerai

Small sized, low mol wt Water
Polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy
Ketones or Substances which give these Between 18 and 800 daltons
Found in the acid soluble pool
Sugars
on nyarolySIs are t e n e d as carbohydrates. Amino ac cids
Nucleotides

Sugars Non-sugars
Polysaccharides)

Monosaccharides Disaccharides Oligosaccharides

o lecules) Homo Hetero
polysaccharides polsaccharides

Sucrose Raffinose
ucose
Heparin
Lactose Stachyose
polysaccharides polysaccharidesHyaluronic acid
oalactose Maltose
Plan Chondro
(Starch)
endiose sulphate
No. of Type of Keratin sulphate
Aldoses Ketoses Animal Animal
Carbons
suga (Glycogen)
Trioses Glyceraldehyde Erythrulose
fetroses Erythrose Dihydroxya
5 Ribose, Xylose
cetone

biose,
Vitamins
Fentoses

Hexoses Glucose,
Galactose Futose Group of organic
and
compounds essential
of human
for
normal growth functioning
body
Heptoses Gucoheptose Sedoheptulose

Basedonsolubilty in ol
Fat soluble tamins
Basedonsolublityin wate
Water soluble vitamins
Vitamin-A Vitamin-D Vitamin-E Vitamin-K

Retinol Tocopherol B-complex vitamins Non

B-complex vitamins
hermo labile Thermostable Arorhie
Vitamin-Dz Vtamin-D AScopie
min-
Ergocalciferol Cholecalcifero idmin-B
thiamin
VItamin VItamin-k

Phytonadion Menadion

iaci
Vitaminaas tamin-Bs iamin=5sVitamin-5
Ribotlavin cld yriaoine balamin i BO

Nicotinamide NICotinicCac CId

 Biomolecules - Part Il
+Charge
Classification of Amino acids
Non-Polar o H,N-C
H,NC
CH,
. HN-C-c
H,N - C
HN HN
HN C CH CH
o
o
Glycine Alanine Valine Cysteine Proline =NH
(Gly/G) (Ala/A) Val /V) (Cys/C) (Pro/P) NH
Lysine Arginine
(Lys/K) (Arg/R)
HN-C-C
C
N

Leucine Isoleucine Methionine Tryptophan Phenylalanine

(Leu/L) le (Met/M) Trp /W) (Phe/F)

Charee
Polar
H,N-C-C
H,NCc-c
oH,NC- H,N-C-
H, HNC-
H,N C-C H,NCG

erine hreonin yrosine sparagine lutamine Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid

(Ser/5) (Thr/T) (Tyr/Y) (Asn/N (Gln/Q) ASp/D) (Glu /E)

Amino Acid Structure

Carboxylic ACd

Skde Chain
roup
aCarbon

Amino Acids Peptide Protein

PrimaryProteinStructure SecondaryProteinStructure Tertiary ProteinStructure Quatemary ProteinStructure

chain of
Sequence of a
Local of the
tolding chain Three-dimensional folding Protein consisting of more
aminoacids Locatide
helices or sheets
into pattern of a protein due to
side chain interactios
than one amino acid chain

ONA

O=p
urine nidinas

OH

bose earynoo

Adenine Guanine Cytosine Uracil Thymine