CELL
Rudolf Virchow First live cell discovered by Discovered by Robert Hooke
CELL ORGANELLES
gave the concept Anton Von Leeuwenhoek in 1665 ( in thin slice of cork )
of omnis cellula-e-cellula
Cell membrane Model given by Singer &
Nicolson (fluid mosaic model); cell membrane
is Selectively permeable.
Cell Wall Gives shape to the cell, found in
Structural & functional unit of all DIFFERENT SHAPES OF CELLS
fungi & plants. living organisms • Red blood cells (Round & biconcave )
• White blood cells (Amoeboid)
Middle lamella Hold neighboring cells
together, made of calcium pectate • Columnar epithelial cells (Long & narrow )
• Nerve cells (Branched & long )
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Network of tiny
tubular structures scattered in cytoplasm ; PROKARYOTIC CELLS EUKARYOTIC CELLS • A tracheid (Elongated)
ER can be Smooth ER without ribosomes & (Lack Nucleus) (Nucleus is Present) • Mesophyll cells (Round & Oval )
Rough ER with ribosomes, RER involved in
protein synthesis, SER is major site
for synthesis of lipids.
Golgi apparatus First observed by Camillo
Golgi - consists of flat, disc shaped sacs or PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
cisternae ; cisternae arranged near the
nucleus with distinct convex (cis) or forming
face concave (trans) or maturing face.
Lysosomes - Membrane Bound vesides filled
with hydrolytic enzymes (hydrolases, lipases).
Vacuoles - membrane Bound space filled with
water, sap & excretory products.
Mitochondria is double membrane Layered
• Cell Wall determines the shape of cell
structure that are site of aerobic respiration,
• Capsule (gummy or Sticky ) protects from
produce cellular energy in the form of ATP,
host’s immune system.
called power house of cell.
• Flagella helps in locomotion ( thin filamentous
structure ) ; has 3 parts filament, hook &
Plastids - Found in plant cells, bear specific
basal body.
pigments, 3 types: chloroplast, chromoplast
• Pili no role in motility; help in making process.
& leucoplast.
• Mesosomes extension of plasma membrane in NUCLEUS nucleolus chromatin
Ribosomes - Granular structure composed of cell ; helps in cell wall formation, DNA Controlling unit Main cell
replication. of the cell nucleoplasm
RNA & proteins, not surrounded by membrane, organelle
• Nucleoid has irregular shape ; consists of genetic
Eurkaryotic ribosomes 8OS ; Prokaryotic,
material (naked). nuclear
ribosomes 70s, 80s divided into 60s & 40s, 70s glycoalyx
• Cell envelope 3 layered structure envelope
divided into 50s & 30s. (capsule)
cell
wall Nucleoli chromatin Nucleoplasm Peri – nuclear space
cytoskeleton - Network of filaments in
cytoplasm, helps in mechanical support & (Spherical bodies) (Nucleoprotein fibers in (Nuclear matrixv) Space between two
cell parallel membranes of
maintaining shape. on the basis of staining site for ribosomal RNA interphase nucleus) contains nucleolus &
membrane Synthesis chromatin. nuclear envelope
bacteria can be
Cilia & Flagella all hair Like outgrowths, cilia
are smaller than flagella, help in cell Gram negative • Interphase nucleus has chromatin
Gram positive • Chromatin has DNA & condenses to form chromosomes.
movement.
do not take gram • Chromosomes has constriction in center called centromere.
take up Gram stain • Centromere holds two chromatids together has disc – shaped
Centrosome - Organelle with 2 cylindrical stain structure kinetochores.
structures centrioles, help in cell division
(formation of Spindle fibres). • Prokaryotic Cells lack membrane – bound cell Chromosomes can be
organelles
Nucleus - Discovered by Robert Brown, • Genetic material – genomic DNA (circular DNA )
controls activities of cell & its organelles, +
major role in heredity. small circular DNA outside the Metacentric Sub-Metacentric acrocentric telocentric
genomic DNA (plasmids)
Microbodies - Minute vesicles filled with • Ribosomes 70s (50s and 30s units) : help in protein Centromere in middle) Centromere slightly away (Centromere close (Centromere at
enzymes. synthesis. from middle) to end) terminal)
anand_mani16 DR. Anand Mani https://www.anandmani.com/ https://discord.io/anandmani t.me/anandmani001
